你想在中考的"情景会话"、"补全对话"等题型中游刃有余，出奇制胜吗？王俊老师对初中英语日常用语的大盘点将给你十足的自信去应对中考中的相关题型。

　　获得英语基础知识和初步运用英语进行交流的能力是初中英语教学的重要目的之一。要做到得体交流就必须根据交流过程中的不同情景使用特定的语言形式。对初中学生来说，首先要依照大纲要求，熟练掌握初中英语试用修订本教学大纲所附的30个口语交际项目中的各种交际用语，再在具体运用中逐步体会各种交际场合中英语的习惯表达法，并学会区别同一交际功能中的相似交际用语的用法。

　　为便于同学们正确掌握日常交际用语的用法，现将大纲所附的口语交际项目一一解读如下：

　　一、问候(Greetings)

　　1.初会

　　常见表达：How do you do?/Hello!/I'm glad to see you. /Nice to meet you.

　　用法点津：a.回应时，只要重复一下对方所说的问候语即可。b.同样是初会问候语，How do you do？和I'm glad to see you.较正式，而Hello!和Nice to meet you.较随便。c. Nice to meet you.主要表示初次见面时的问候，而Nice meeting you.则是初次见面分手时的用语。

　　2.日常问候

　　常见表达：Hello!/Hi!/Good morning (afternoon, evening)!/How are you?/How are things going?/How are you getting on?

　　用法点津：a.回应前三个交际用语时，只要重复对方的话即可。b. How are you？是日常生活中用来问候他人身体情况的用语，回应时，用Very well, thank you.(And how are you?)或用Fine, thanks. (And you?)。假如身体确实不太舒服并想让对方知道，不妨说Not too well, I'm afraid. 对经常见面的人说How are you？时后面还可加上具体时间。c. Hello！和Hi！是互相熟悉的人之间的招呼语，比较随便，一天中任何时候都可以用。有时，后面还可加上对方的名字，以示亲热。d. Good evening!一般用于晚上(通常是九点以前)，有时后面还可加上对方的姓名或称呼。需要注意的是，不可用Good day.来打招呼。Good morning！省略good 时，也可用来打招呼，但一般用于比较熟悉的人之间。e.与英美人见面寒暄时，不应问及他(她)的年龄、婚否、收入等个人隐私情况。

　　二、介绍(Introductions)

　　常见表达：May I introduce myself? My name is Jim./ How do you do? I'm Jim./Let me introduce B to you. A, this is B.

　　用法点津：a.自我介绍时，男子不必自称Mr, 说姓名或姓就可以了。而女子在自我介绍时，一般需将姓和名同时用，有时为区别婚否，还可在姓名前加上Mrs或Miss。b.介绍他人时，常把年轻的介绍给年长的，把身份低的介绍给身份高的，把男子介绍给女子，把客人介绍给主人，以示对后者的尊重。c.经介绍后，人们常用的问候语有Nice to see you./How do you do?　回应时重复一下即可。

　　三、告别(Farewells)

　　常见表达：Good-bye!/Bye-bye!/Bye!/See you tomorrow(later, soon,at six o'clock)!Good night!/ Have a good (nice) day!

　　Goodbye, Jim, and good luck！

　　用法点津：a. Bye-bye.用于比较随便的场合。b. Good night./Night!只限于晚上告别或上床睡觉时使用。c. Have a nice day！限于白天告别时用(如早餐后家人互相道别)。d.回应第一组告别用语时只要重复一下那些用语即可，对See you tomorrow(later, soon, at six o'clock).的回应也可用Fine.或OK.，表示对约定时间的认可。回应第二组用语时要将语序调整一下，即Good luck to you, too. Goodbye. e.告别前通常要说一两句客套话，如：I'm afraid I must be off(going) now.长久告别时，还可同时表达希望今后多联系(Keep/Get in touch.)，要对方保重身体(Take care.)，问候对方家人(Please send my best wishes/regards to your family.)等。

　　四、打电话(Making phone calls)

　　1.打电话人自我介绍

　　常见表达：Hello! Mike (here)./ Hello! This is Mike (speaking).

　　用法点津：用英语打电话时，开头打招呼的第一句话通常是Hello，然后便自报姓名，再告知想与谁通话。

　　2.打电话人要某人接电话

　　常见表达：May(Can) I speak to Kate, please?/Is that Kate? /Is Kate in?/Who's that?

　　用法点津：需要证实对方的身份时，不能说Are you...?或Who are you?

　　3.本人接电话

　　常见表达：Hello, 8244011./Good morning. This is Kate (speaking)./Yes, speaking.

　　用法点津：a.接电话时，第一句招呼语可以是Hello.,也可以视情况说Good morning!紧接着再报自己的电话号码或姓名,也可报单位名称。不打招呼，直接介绍自己，再问对方是谁也可以。b.问对方是谁时可以这样说Who's calling?/Who is that speaking?/Is that Mike speaking?/Is that you, Mike?

　　4.代接电话人叫某人接电话

　　常见表达：You are wanted on the phone./

　　There's a call for you./For you.

　　用法点津：如果来电要找的人就在电话机附近，也听见了电话铃声，则可简单地说一声For you.或It's (a call) for you.

　　五、感谢和应答(Thanks and responses)

　　1.一般场合

　　常见表达：A: Thank you./Thank you very much (indeed). /Many thanks.

　　B: Not at all./That's OK(all right)./That's nothing./You are welcome./Don't mention it.

　　用法点津：感谢可用于得到别人的帮助、受到别人的赞赏、接受别人的礼物和祝愿以及谢绝别人的好意等多种场合。

　　2.特定场合

　　常见表达：A: Thanks for your help.

　　B: (It's) My pleasure. /It's a pleasure.

　　A: Here's a ticket for you.

　　B: Thank you. It's very nice (kind) of you.

　　用法点津：My pleasure./It's my pleasure./

　　It's a pleasure.这三句的意思均为"这是我们乐意做的事"或"甭客气"。

　　六、祝愿、祝贺和应答(Greetings, congratulations and responses)

　　1.节日问候

　　常见表达：A: Happy New Year!/Merry Christmas!/I wish you a Happy New Year.

　　B: Thanks, the same to you./Thanks and I wish you the same./A merry Christmas to you, too.

　　用法点津：回应对双方共有节日的祝愿时，通常会顺祝对方节日愉快。如果节日只为一方所有，回应时只要表示感谢就可以了。对生日祝贺的回应也只表示感谢即可。

　　2.祝贺成功

　　常见表达：A: Congratulations (on your success)!/Let me congratulate you on your progress./Well done./That's great!

　　B: Thank you (for your congratulations)./It was very kind of you to say so.

　　用法点津：祝贺语中的名词Congratulations总是用复数形式。

　　3.离别寄语

　　常见表达：A:I hope you have a good journey./Have a good time in Beijing.

　　B: Thank you./Thanks. I will.

　　七、意愿(Intensions)

　　1.表达意愿

　　常见表达：I will help you with your English./I'm willing to let Mike help you.

　　用法点津：要表达不愿意做某事时，将上述句子改为否定句就可以了。

　　2.询问意愿

　　常见表达：A: Will you go with us?/Are you willing to go with us? /Do you mind going with us? /Would you like (us) to visit Beijing?

　　B: Of course, I will (am). /No, not at all.

　　用法点津：not at all可以看作是I don't mind at all.的省略形式。

　　3.转述意愿

　　常见表达：She'd like (me) to stay at home tomorrow./He is thinking of giving us a talk.

　　八、道歉和应答(Apologies and responses)

　　1.表示道歉

　　常见表达：Sorry to have kept you waiting. /I'm sorry, but I'm busy./Excuse me (for being late)./I beg your pardon for not telling you that./I'm afraid we are not free this weekend.

　　用法点津：sorry主要用于因犯了某种过失而于事后向他人表示歉意，也可表示因不能满足他人要求或请求而表示歉意。Excuse me 通常用于下列情形：需要打断别人谈话或工作时；有求于他人时；因故需要暂时离开时；就某事表示不同意见时；自己的言行将会影响他人时。

　　2.表示原谅

　　常见表达：Not at all./Don't mention it. /Never mind about that./Forget it./That's OK./It doesn't matter. /Don't worry about it.

　　用法点津：用Never mind.作答时有时可表达说话人多少有点不高兴或无可奈何的意味。如：

　　A: Could you help me hang this picture?

　　B: I'm just going out.

　　A: Oh, never mind. I'll do it myself.

　　又如：

　　A: What was that you said? I didn't hear you.

　　B: Never mind. It wasn't important.

　　九、遗憾和同情(Regrets and sympathy)

　　常见表达：What a pity you can't come with us./I'm sorry to hear your mother is ill. /The young man died last night. How terrible!

　　十、邀请和应答(Invitations and responses)

　　1.提出邀请

　　常见表达：What about playing football

　　with us?/Do come to play with us tomorrow./

　　Would you like to have a dinner with us this

　　evening?/Do you feel like taking a walk now?/

　　Won't you come in and sit down?/ I'd like to invite you to dinner this Saturday, Mr Smith.

　　用法点津：a.在发出"邀请"前常有一个引子，尤其在客气的场合，如可先这样问一下对方是否有空：Are you free this evening? b. Would you like to...和I'd like to invite you to...的句式较为客气，带有商量、询问的口气，多用于不知对方能否接受邀请的场合。

　　2.接受邀请与拒绝邀请

　　常见表达：Yes, I'd like to./Yes, great. /Sure. That's a good idea./Yes, with pleasure. /That's very kind of you. Thank you./Sure, why not? I'll be glad to./That sounds nice (great).

　　I'd love to, but I'm afraid I can't./I wish I could, but I'm too busy. /Thank you, but I'm afraid I must finish my homework first.

　　用法点津：a.接受他人邀请时通常还要表示一下感谢。b.如果是稍有保留地接受，可这样说：I will if I can./ It's very kind of you to invite me, but I'm not sure if I can come. c.拒绝他人的邀请一般不直接说No,而要婉言谢绝，并要声明自己是愿意接受"邀请"的，但因某种原因不能接受，并表示歉意或感谢。

　　(文/王俊；英语通2004年第4期；版权归英语辅导报社所有，独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育，未经许可，不得以任何形式进行转载。)