在做阅读理解时，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。下面我们就从这几方面进行一下训练。

　　一、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。

　　猜词是英文阅读的重要能力之一，也是中考常考查的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词、语法、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、上下文等线索确定词义。请同学们做下面的题目：

　　New York City is not only the biggest city in the country, it is also the biggest port(港口)and the biggest center of industry(工业). New York City is one of the biggest business centers in the world. Here are all the big banks and the offices of most of the big capitalist(资本家)companies. Tens of thousands of tourists visit New York every year. The city is a big tourist center. The tourists come to see the skyscrapers of Manhattan. The city is famous for its many very tall buildings. New York City is of international importance, too. It is the home of the United Nations.

　　1. Which of the following statements(陈述) is NOT true?

　　A. New York City is the biggest port in the country.

　　B. New York City is the biggest center of industry in the country.

　　C. New York City is the biggest business center in the country.

　　D. New York City is the biggest city in the country.

　　2. The underlined word "skyscrapers" means___________.

　　A. kites in the sky

　　B. jet planes in the sky

　　C. tall buildings in the city

　　D. tall trees in the city

　　3. Most of the people who come to New York City will go to__________.

　　A. Staten IslandB. Manhattan

　　C. Bronx D. Long Island

　　4. New York City is a very important city because___________.

　　A. it's one of the biggest business centers in the world

　　B. it's the capital of the U. S. A.

　　C. the headquarters (总部) of the U. N. is there

　　D. both A and C

　　二、捕捉文章中心思想

　　中心思想即对文章内容进行概括，掌握文章的中心思想是英语阅读的关键。那么怎样归纳出文章的中心思想呢?这就需要我们掌握一定的技巧。具体地说，概括中心思想主要有三点要求：

　　1.了解所阅读文章的文体：说明文、记叙文，还是议论文。

　　2.抓住文章的段落大意和关键词语。

　　3.用简明扼要的文字将文章的中心思想表达出来。

　　请运用这些技巧阅读下面一篇短文并做文后的题目。

　　A young father was visiting an old neighbour. They were standing in the old man's garden and talking about children. The young man said,"How strict should parents be with their children?"

　　The old man pointed to a string between a big, strong tree and a thin, young one.

　　"Please untie(解开)that string," he said. The young man untied it, and the young tree bent(折弯)over to one side.

　　"Now tie it again, please," said the old man. "But first pull the string tight (紧) so that the young tree is straight again."

　　The young man did so. Then the old man said, "There, it is the same with children. You must be strict with them, but sometimes you must untie the string to see how they are getting on. If they are not yet able to stand alone, you must tie the string tight again. But when you find that they are ready to stand alone, you can take the string away."

　　1. The story is about____________.

　　A. how to take care of young trees

　　B. how strict parents should be with their children

　　C. how the young father should get on with his old neighbour

　　D. how to teach the young to behave well

　　2. When could the string be taken away?

　　A. When the old man left.

　　B. When the young man untied it next time.

　　C. When the young tree grew strong enough.

　　D. When the young tree was as tall as the big tree.

　　3. At last the old man told the young man that he should___________.

　　A. be strict with his children if they could not keep themselves under control

　　B. always be strict with his children

　　C. be hard on his children

　　D. be patient with his children

　　4. In the story the relation (关系) of the big strong tree to the thin young one is like that of___________.

　　A. the young father to the old neighbour

　　B. parents to their children

　　C. the old neighbour to the children of the young father

　　D. none of the above

　　三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。

　　在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。这就是通常所说的深层理解。深层理解主要包括归纳概括题(中心思想，加标题等)和推理判断题，是阅读理解中的难点。深层理解是一种创造性的思维活动。它必须忠实于原文；要以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，立足已知，推断未知，不能凭空想象，随意揣测；它要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。只有吃透文章的字面意思，推理才有前提和基础。

　　The people of the village of Tardov were waiting for a man from the government. Important men from the big city always wore a white shirt and a black jacket. This man was coming to look at the village, and write a report for the government, saying how fine the farms were, and how hard the people worked. Tardov dreamed that good times were on the way.

　　A man came to the village wearing a white shirt and a black jacket. The head of the village gave him the best room in the hotel, and paid for all his meals. He took him to all the farms round about, and the farmers' wives gave him presents of eggs, milk and cheese. Then the head took the man to his own house and gave him dinner. They ate fish, meat, vegetables, cakes and other sweet things, and drank the best wines. The meal lasted for three hours and more. The man enjoyed himself, and he laughed a lot.

　　After two days, the man left the village with his pockets and his bags full of good things. Then another man arrived, wearing a white shirt and a black jacket, and the first words he said were:"Good morning, I am from the government."

　　1. Tardov was a___________.

　　A. big city where the people wore white shirts and black jackets

　　B. village whose people were expecting a man from the government

　　C. village where important people lived

　　D. dream about good times, and the fine farms of Tardov

　　2. The second man___________.

　　A. said that he was from the government

　　B. came with his pockets and bag full of good things

　　C. said that he was Tardov, the important man from the city

　　D. wore a black shirt and a white jacket

　　3. What is the writer trying to tell us?

　　A. One should not warmly receive a man wearing a white shirt and a black jacket.

　　B. One should not believe in a stranger from a big city.

　　C. One should guard against cheats.

　　D. One should ask a stranger who he is.

　　四、扫读具体信息。

　　在阅读的众多技巧中，扫读也是一项重要的阅读技巧。扫描阅读的目的是为了寻找某一特定的信息或资料，有非常明确的目的，常常还有极短的时间限制。许多类型的阅读材料都涉及到数字，而人们往往需要在极短的时间内获得、掌握这些数字信息，这就是数字的扫描。这一类型的阅读材料随处可见，如广告、列车、飞机、轮船时刻表、价目表等。阅读材料中往往还有许多与目标信息无关的内容，如果一一阅读，将花费太多的时间，有时还无法找到所需信息。因此，必须做出科学的安排。

　　扫描工作的第一步，应是找出所需信息的关键词，快速扫描全文，锁定信息来源。第二步，在信息的方位锁定后仔细阅读有关段落及信息，判断信息是否正确，解决问题。请看以下例子：Read the following passage, and choose the best answer for each question.

　　1. At which of the following times does a bus leave New York for Brennan on Tuesdays?

　　A. 9:30 am.B. 11:15 am.

　　C. 2:45 pm.D. 10:20 pm.

　　2. If you had to meet a friend at the bus station in Brennan at 10:15 a.m. on a Friday, which is the latest bus you could take from New York?

　　A. The 10:00 am bus. B. The 9:30 am bus.

　　C. The 9:00 am bus. D. The 8:20 am bus.

　　3. What time does a bus leave Brennan for New York City on Saturdays?

　　A. 5:15 pm.B. 7:10 pm.

　　C. 9:40 pm.D. 11:40 pm.

　　4. Where should passengers buy their tickets?

　　A. From the driver before boarding the bus.

　　B. From the driver after boarding the bus.

　　C. At the door near this notice.

　　D. At a terminal ticket window.

　　5. If you need to take a bus on Christmas Day, what time will the bus leave?

　　A. 12:09 pm.B. 12:45 pm.

　　C. 12:30 pm.D. l:00 pm.

　　五、理解表格、图表、标志和通告

　　在做此类练习时，阅读次数再多也难得到所有信息，而且项目多，题目可涉及有关任何方面，因此应先看题，再看表或通知。具体的步骤为：先对图表或通知有个大概的印象，弄清楚是哪方面的，再看题目，根据题目要求，到图表或通知中去查找信息。做此类练习时，注意掌握题目与表格等所给信息，有的信息很精确，有的很模糊，这样才有可能有最佳选项、正确选项、最接近选项(阅读理解大体有此三类)。 这类题目阅读技巧不多，无须做快速阅读，细读。基本没有时间或空间顺序。但这类阅读要求要仔细，因为信息点不完全在主题上，有的可能在标题上，有的在标志说明、方向或注解里，所以需要仔细认真。例如：

　　1. What is the name of the music festival?

　　A. Anna Balto Festival

　　B. Old town Bach Festival

　　C. Sunrise Theater Festival

　　D. Young listeners Festival

　　2. When can people hear this concert?

　　A. on July 19B. on Tuesdays in July

　　C. at 2 pm. every Tuesday

　　D. each day in July at 2 pm.

　　3. Who will have to pay ￥50 admission?

　　A. all musicians who are performing

　　B. all people who are attending

　　C. only adults who are attending

　　D. only children who are attending

　　参考答案：

　　一、1-4 CCBD二、1-4 DCAB　　　三、1-3 BAC四、1-5 ABCDD　　五、1-3 BAC

　　(文/张新峰；英语通2004年第4期；版权归英语辅导报社所有，独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育，未经许可，不得以任何形式进行转载。)