新浪首页 > 新浪教育 > 英语辅导报社专栏 > 英语辅导:中考完形填空常见题型及应对策略

英语辅导:中考完形填空常见题型及应对策略
http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/07/09 09:42  英语辅导报

  完形填空是英语能力测试的一种常见题型,它综合性强,不仅考查语法、词汇、句型、句式、词语惯用法,而且还考查判断推理能力。加大对文章的结构意义、上下文的衔接、逻辑思维等内容的考查比例,这已成为中考完形填空的命题趋势,而且该题型已逐步由最常见的客观题型向主观题型转变。从近几年中考试题来看,主观题型的命题形式就是要求我们直接把文中所缺的词写出来,有的则会给出首字母。下面我们结合具体例子,就中考完形填空的主、客观两种题型解题思路加以说明。

  一、客观型

  此题型多为"四选一",它不同于我们的单项选择,所给的答案必须要符合整篇文章,通常我们可以分三步走:

  1. 通读全文,了解大意;

  2. 瞻前顾后,初定选项;

  3. 还原复读,查漏补缺。

  下面我们以2003年北京海淀区中考试题为例,运用上述三步,进行具体点拨。

  看图阅读下面短文,根据图示及短文内容,从第54-59小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选择最佳答案。

  

  January 1 is New Year's Day. People usually give parties to celebrate it. The Spring Festival comes next. It is the most important holiday in__54__. Before the Spring Festival, people__55__their houses and do a lot of shopping. On the eve of the festival, family members meet for a big dinner. After__56__they watch TV until midnight. They enjoy talking and eating. __57__, people cheer to welcome the New Year and wish each other good luck.

  May 1st is Labor Day. Big celebrations are held in public places. Teachers' Day is on September 10. Students give cards or__58__to their teachers to express their thanks. The Mid-autumn Festival comes in September or October. People get together for a family dinner and then eat moon-cakes and watch the full, __59__moon. October 1 is our National Day. We usually have a get-together to celebrate it.

  54. A. CanadaB. China

  C. AustraliaD. France

  55. A. cleanB. buildC. sellD. draw

  56. A. schoolB. workC. dinnerD. picnic

  57. A. At nineB. At ten

  C. At elevenD. At twelve

  58. A. drinksB. flowers C. musicD. e-mail

  59. A. oldB. tallC. roundD. dark

  通读全文后,我们知道这是一篇介绍节日的短文,其重点在介绍图示的三个节日及节日期间人们所做的事情。

  【通读全文要一气呵成,宁粗勿细,了解大意,判断文章的体裁、结构即可;抓住首尾句,找出关键词可帮助了解文章的中心。】

  了解短文大意后,我们就可以结合选项,根据上下文初定答案了。根据选项所给的四个国家,结合句子和常识,可判断出春节是中国的传统节日,是最重要的。54选B;根据55后的单词houses判断,如不考虑上下文和我国春节的传统,四个选项都可与houses搭配,只要细想便可选出A;56题我们可以根据前句的a big dinner选出C;既然看电视到midnight,自然是午夜12点了,按前文,57选D;第二段与前一段没有直接联系,首句与下文也无瓜葛,这些都是多余的干扰信息,我们要善于排除。58的选择应依据该段的第二句来判断,按照常理,教师节学生送给老师的应是B. flowers,我们必须按正常的逻辑思维来判断;59依据常识--中秋月儿"圆",自然选出C了。

  这一步我们要联系上下文,前后贯通,结合词形、词义、时态、语态找出一个正确的选项;根据惯用法、固定搭配确定答案;运用逻辑推理及常识作出判断;遇到难句或找不出有把握的选项时,可采取排除、筛选法,结合上下文,看语句是否通顺,语法是否正确,是否合乎逻辑,逐一将错误的选项排除。

  答案选好之后,我们来读一读短文,看看是否有疏漏或不妥之处。即便你一时发现不了错误,这一步骤也不可省略。

  初选后要将所选答案放入原文仔细阅读,验证答案是否正确,这一步大家常会忽略,也是丢分的重要原因。要知道,我们在做题中会遇到一时无法确定答案的题,或者有误选的答案,最后一次阅读实际上就是调整、修改、完善,这种验证主要从以下几方面入手:单词短语与句子成分搭配是否恰当;时态和语态是否正确;习惯用法和固定搭配是否有误;词形变化是否正确;上下文是否一致;语义是否合理;内容是否完整等。

  二、主观型

  中考主观型的完形填空多为缺词填空,也有把所缺的词放在一起,再多给两个备选项以及根据所读短文完成另一短文的形式。无论是哪一种形式我们都要认真而细致地阅读、分析短文,进行全方位的通盘考虑。除了运用上述客观型解题技巧与思路外,我们还应注意:

  1. 通读全文,瞻前顾后,融会贯通。

  没有了选项,或只给了首字母,这样便给我们读懂文意设置了更大的障碍。因此,我们在做题时一定要先掌握文章的中心大意,然后根据上下文进行推理、判断。我们常常会发现,有时前后空缺的词语可以在文章的前后某个地方找到。当然,并不是所有空都如此,大多数还要靠下一步来完成。

  2. 分析空缺,前勾后连,掌握变化。

  有了第一步的概貌了解,接下来就要填词了,由于无选项,我们只能就所给的首字母及上下文进行推敲。首先,我们必须对每一个空缺进行分析研究,根据该空所在句子的位置,前后词语的关系以及该句的结构判断出该空应填词是何种词;接下来就要拿出看家本领确定各种词形变化、时态、语态了,这就要求我们的基础知识必须扎实,其内容常集中在名词(可数与不可数名词,名词的数、所有格及其它用法),动词(时态、语态、不定式、短语动词等),形容词、副词(各级变化及用法),连词(在并列句、状语从句、宾语从句中的用法),代词(人称代词、疑问代词、指示代词和不定代词等的用法),介词(主要是和一些词的固定搭配)等。

  3. 复原阅读,仔细检查,敲定答案。

  1.短文填好后,我们应该进行一次浏览性的速读,以检查自己所填的单词是否正确,短文是否合理完整。

  上述我们只是简单地就完形填空的解题策略作了分析,希望大家在备考期间一定要注意知识积累,加大阅读量,在平时练习中,不断地接触各种体裁的文章,进行适量练习,牢固地掌握所学英语知识,提高完形填空题的应试能力和解题技巧。

  下面的完形填空题均选自2003年各省市中考试题(保留原题号),请大家运用上面的解题思路、技巧一试身手吧!

  【客观试题】湖南娄底

  General Parshing was a great American officer. After he__46__, some people in his hometown put up a statue(塑像) of him__47__a horse.

  There was a school near the statue, and some of the boys__48__the statue every day. The boys said, "Good morning, Parshing" when they saw him.

  One Saturday, one of the youngest boys was going to do some shopping with his parents. __49__he passed the statue, he said good morning but he stopped and asked __50__, "I like Parshing very much, but who is that man on his back?"

  46. A. was bornB. died

  C. woke up D. came back

  47. A. on B. over C. of D. for

  48. A. had B. took

  C. passed D. played with

  49. A. WhenB. IfC. AfterD. Because

  50. A. the horse B. Parshing

  C. his teacher D. his parents

  【主观试题1】黑龙江

  April Fools' Day is on April 1st. People can play j__36__ on others on this special d__37__. If you succeed, you usually laugh and say, "April Fool!" The person who has been fooled by you l__38__, too. And he will never be angry with you.

  Mother's Day is on the second Sunday of May. It's a day to t__39__mothers. On that day mothers usually receive flowers and cards from their children. Fathers and children do the housework so that mothers can have a r__40__.

  Easter Day falls on the first Sunday after the full moon which is on or after March 21st. It's also called Easter Sunday. It is said that on that day Jesus Christ comes back to l__41__. Many people got to church and children often get p__42__such as toy rabbits.

  Thanksgiving Day is on the fourth Thursday in November. It's a day when people give thanks for the good things in life. Usually families all get t__43__and have a big dinner.

  Christmas Day comes on D__44__25th. It's the most important festival in the year. Beautiful things can be s__45__everywhere. People exchange gifts, send Christmas cards and visit friends.

  【半主观试题1】湖南娄底

  根据下面的表格所提供的信息及后面短文的大意,在空白处填写所缺的单词(每空不限填1个单词)

  参考词汇:personal data(个人资料); sex(性别); male(男性); female(女性); post code(邮政编码); contact(联系)

  

  We can call her Miss White. Her__76__name is Ann White. She is from Australia. She__77__on October the fifth, 1984. Now she__78__Changsha. We have three ways to contact her. We can__79__or send an E-mail to her. We can also telephone her. Her address is No. 138 Jiefang Road, Changsha, China. Her__80__is 0731-4425683, and her E-mail address is MissAnn@hotmail.com.

  【半主观试题2】甘肃

  Robert is fifteen now. Two and a half years ago he came to the city and began to study in a middle school. He studies hard and gets on well with his classmates. And he often helps his friends with their lessons. But as he comes from a village, the headmaster who was born in a rich family is bad to him and does his best to make excuses to punish him. The boy knows it and takes precautions against(提防)it.

  One afternoon all the students went to have lunch and he bought a piece of bread. He was reading a book under a big tree, while a dog was standing near him. At that moment the headmaster came out and saw it. He became angry and said, "Don't you know we don't let anybody rear(饲养)dogs in the school?"

  "Yes, I do, sir." Said the boy.

  "Why have you brought your dog to school, then?"

  "It isn't my dog."

  "Why is it following you, then?"

  "You're following me now, sir." Said the boy, "Can you say you are mine?"

  Robert is fifteen. He is in Grade__________ now. He studies hard and his classmates are__________ to him. And he often helps his friends to__________their lessons. But as he was__________in a farmer family, the headmaster,from a__________family treats him badly and does__________he can to punish him.

  One day in the__________, all the students went__________lunch and he bought a piece of bread, reading a book under a tree. At that moment a dog was standing near him. __________the headmaster saw this, he wanted to__________him. But he failed that day again.

  【介于两者之间的试题】福建福州

  sorrygoodlive lookfriend

  deadoutsidedangerousbut

  Alice likes cats__106__than any other animal. Although she is still young, she has experience of__107__after cats.

  When she was a child, she__108__with her grandparents. At that time, her grandparents already had an old cat, about 11 years old, __109__she was only 4 years old. It was a good friend for her in her childhood. It was very__110__ to her and never hurt her. One day, however, it left home and never came back again. It must be__111__. She was so sad that she was__112_about it for a long time.

  Now Alice has four__113_. She takes good care of them and makes them live comfortably. But she is afraid to take her cats out of the house. She says it is too__114__for animals to go__115__because she thinks that they may be hurt.

  (文/田洪卫 祖瑞;英语通2004年第4期;版权归英语辅导报社所有,独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育,未经许可,不得以任何形式进行转载。)




英语学习论坛】【评论】【 】【打印】【关闭
Annotation


新闻查询帮助

热 点 专 题
中法文化年精彩纷呈
2003年审计报告
聚焦航班延误补偿
惠特尼休斯顿北京个唱
欧洲杯落幕 美洲杯
全国治理超限超载行动
凤凰卫视中华小姐大赛
青少年教育 网络妈妈
违法和不良信息举报



教育频道意见反馈留言板 电话:010-62630930-5178 欢迎批评指正

新浪简介 | About Sina | 广告服务 | 联系我们 | 招聘信息 | 网站律师 | SINA English | 会员注册 | 产品答疑

Copyright © 1996 - 2004 SINA Inc. All Rights Reserved

版权所有 新浪网
北京市通信公司提供网络带宽