先看一道2004年的上海春招试题:

　　Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage ________ the girl and took her away, ________ in the woods.

　　A. seizing; disappeared

　　B. seized; disappeared

　　C. seizing; disappearing

　　D. seized; disappearing

　　本题选D。由句中的and可知前一空选与took并列的谓语动词,用disappearing是现在分词作状语。句意是"突然,一个开着黄色车的男子抓住那个女孩并把她带走了,而后消失在树林中 "。

　　现在分词作状语是历年的高考热点之一,本文将结合部分高考试题解读动词作状语的V-ing形式。

　　作状语的现在分词所表示的动作是句子谓语动词的一部分,表示与谓语动词的动作(状态)同时发生,通常用逗号与句子隔开。其逻辑主语通常要与句子的主语保持一致,即句子的主语就是动词V-ing的动作执行者。

　　一、V-ing形式所作的状语成分

　　1.时间状语 (可以与when等引导的时间状语从句转换)

　　1) Finding her car stolen, ________.

　　A. a policeman was asked to help

　　B. the area was searched thoroughly

　　C. it was looked for everywhere

　　D. she hurried to a policeman for help

　　(key:D)

　　可以转换成:When she found her car stolen, she hurried to a policeman for help.

　　2) Having closed the windows, he went out of the classroom. 关上窗户后,他走出教室。

　　可以转换成:After he closed the windows, he...

　　2.原因状语(可以与as/since/because等引导的原因状语从句转换)

　　1) ________ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.

　　A. Having sufferedB. Suffering

　　C. To suffer D. Suffered (key:A)

　　2) ________ a reply, he decided to write again.

　　A. Not receivingB.Receiving not

　　C. Not having received

　　D. Having not received

　　本题答案是C。可以转换成:He hadn't received a reply so he decided to write again.

　　3.条件状语(可以与if/ unless等引导的条件状语从句转换)

　　1) Using your head, you'll have a good idea.

　　(= If you use your head, you'll have a good idea./ Use your head and you'll have a good idea.) 如果你动动脑筋,你就会想出办法来。

　　2) Turning to the left, you will find a house whose gate faces to the east.

　　(= If you turn to the left, you will find a house whose gate faces to the east./Turn to the left, and you will find a house whose gate faces to the east.) 向左转,你就会看到一座大门朝东的房子。

　　4.伴随状语(不可以转换成从句,但可以转换成并列句)

　　1) The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, ________ that he had enjoyed his stay here.

　　A. having added B. to add

　　C. adding D. added (key:C)

　　可以转换成:The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks and added that he had enjoyed his stay here.

　　2) "Can't you read?" Mary said________to the notice.

　　A. angrily pointing

　　B. and point angrily

　　C. angrily pointed

　　D. and angrily pointing (key:A)

　　5.结果状语(可以与so... that...引导的结果状语从句相互转换,有时也可以转换成非限制性定语从句)

　　1) European football is played in 80 countries, ________ it the most popular sport in the world.

　　A. making B. makes

　　C. madeD. to make (key:A)

　　可以转换成:European football is played in 80 countries, which makes it the most popular sport in the world.

　　2) A number of new machines were installed in the factory, thus resulting in an increase in production.这家工厂安装了许多新机器,因而增加了生产。

　　6.方式状语

　　Travelling by car, we visited many places. 我们乘车游览了许多地方。

　　7.让步状语(可以与though/ even though"尽管、即使"转换)

　　Working very hard, he didn't feel a bit tired. 尽管拼命地工作,却丝毫不感到疲劳。

　　可以转换成:Though he worked very hard, he didn't feel a bit tired.

　　Admitting what she said, I still think she hasn't tried her best. 尽管承认她所说的话,但我仍然认为她没有尽到最大的努力。

　　二、 分词独立结构

　　有时现在分词有自己的逻辑主语,这时其逻辑主语相对于句子的主语来说是独立的,因此又叫独立主格结构,构成形式是"名词/代词+V-ing"。

　　She being ill, her mother had to look after her at home.她生病了,母亲不得不在家照顾她。

　　The meeting being over, we went to play football. 会议一结束,我们就去踢足球去了。

　　三、悬垂分词状语

　　严格地说,作状语的分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语,如果不是,那么分词短语就悬垂无依附了,也就成了病句。但有时有些作状语的分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致也是正确的,这些分词多半已经转化成介词或连词。如:

　　1. 副词+speaking。

　　Generally speaking, as a foreign language Chinese is more difficult to learn than English.一般地说,作为一门外语,汉语要比英语难学。

　　2. 转化成介词。如:including (包括),following (在……之后),according to(根据)等。

　　There are 50 students in our class, including Tom.包括汤姆在内,我们班有50名学生。

　　3. 转化为连词。如:supposing(如果),seeing that(鉴于、由于)。

　　Supposing he is not in, what shall we do?如果他不在家,我们怎么办?

　　四、连词+现在分词

　　由when / while / after / before / if /

　　though / unless/as if等引导的状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时,如果从句的谓语动词是主动语态,则可以省略从句的主语,而保留原连词,形成"连词+现在分词"的结构形式。

　　1) Though ________ money, his parents managed to send him to university.

　　A. lacked B. lacking of

　　C. lacking D. lacked in (key:C)

　　可以转化成:Though they lacked(缺少)money, his parents managed to send him to university.

　　2) ________, I went to the railway station to see my friend off.

　　A. After eating quickly my dinner

　　B. After my quickly eating dinner

　　C. After eating my dinner quickly

　　D. After eating my quickly dinner (key:C)

　　巩固练习:

　　1. The secretary worked late into the night, ________ a long speech for the president.

　　A. to prepare B. preparing

　　C. prepared D. was preparing

　　2. She set out soon after dark ________ home an hour later.

　　A. arriving B. to arrive

　　C. having arrived D. and arrived

　　3. She's upstairs ________ letters.

　　A. writes B. is writing

　　C. write D. writing

　　4. ________ from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.

　　A. Suffered B. Suffering

　　C. Having suffered

　　D. Being suffered

　　5. He sent me an E-mail, to get further information.

　　A. hoped B. hoping

　　C. to hope D. hope

　　6. She asked me to help her,________ that she could not move the heavy suitcase alone.

　　A. only to realize

　　B. realizing C. have been realized

　　D. realized

　　7. While building a tunnel through the mountain, ________.

　　A. an underground lake was discovered

　　B. there was an underground lake discovered

　　C. a lake was discovered underground

　　D. the workers discovered an underground lake

　　8. ________ your composition carefully, some spelling mistakes can be avoided.

　　A. Having checked

　　B. Check C. If you check

　　D. To check

　　Key: 1-5 BDDCB 6-8 BDC

　　(文/王玉峰 吴穿云；英语通高中一年级版 03～04学年第5期； 版权归英语辅导报社所有，独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育，未经许可，不得以任何形式进行转载。)