单项填空题是NMET试题中第二部分英语知识运用的第一节,它的特点是覆盖面广,涉及内容多,同时又重点突出,所涉及的考点具有很强的代表性。近年来,高考英语单项填空题创新力度较大,不少试题迷惑性大,似是而非,令众多考生无法应对自如而导致失分,带来遗憾。一般来看,造成失分的原因是考生对某个或几个知识点的较强印象而影响考生分析全题,得出正确答案,这就是我们常说的知识点的负迁移作用。下面,就让我们一起来看一下NMET试题中的这些令考生十分"熟悉"但常常出错的试题及产生错误的原因。

　　一、 思维定势

　　高考命题者常常改用熟悉的句型结构,利用一些词或短语搭配来制造"陷阱",从而让考生在非常神气的心情中快速地得出错误的答案。这里需要考生对整个语言环境进行深入地分析,在较高的能力水平上,细心而自如地运用一个或几个知识点来解题。切不可生搬硬套,张冠李戴。

　　1. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ________ the next year. (NMET2000)

　　A. carried outB. carrying out

　　C. carry out D. to carry out

　　一看到这个题目,一些考生马上在大脑中形成"see sb. / sth. do sth."及"see sb. /sth. doing sth."的刻板印象,立刻选择B或者C。如果考生扩大视幅,重新审视一下本题,就会发现that they would like to see是一个定语从句,而将这个相当于一个形容词,修饰前面的先行词the plan的定语从句省略掉的话,就会发现这里是作后置定语表示被动关系的一个过去分词短语,故选择A项。

　　2. The home improvements have taken what little there is ________ my spare time. (NMET2001)

　　A. from B. inC. ofD. at

　　本题是当年高考试题中考生出错最多的题目之一,绝大部分考生给出的答案是B项,而没有选择正确答案C项。究其原因,是受了in one's spare time习惯搭配的干扰,而没有仔细分析整句话,则更加不会知道这里的what little与my spare time构成的是所有关系,是部分与整体的关系。

　　3. On Saturday afternoon, Mrs. Green went to the market, ________ some bananas and visited her cousin. (MET'91)

　　A. bought B. buying C. to buy D. buy

　　这道试题曾经使不少考生纷纷落马,得分率不高。而造成考生失分的主要原因是考生在学习阶段,系统地学习并训练了大量的非谓语动词的题型,故在这里误以为是考查的非谓语动词而选择B项,用现在分词作伴随状语。这也就是知识点的负迁移发生了作用,使考生忽略了这里and连接的三个谓语动词went, bought, visited之间是并列关系,应选A。

　　针对这种思维定势,考生平时应学会深入分析句式结构及成分(尤其是长句难句),打好基本功,切不可见风就是雨。以下就是此类易错题型:

　　1. -Alice, you'll feed the bird today, ?

　　-But I fed it yesterday.

　　A. do you B. will you

　　C. didn't you D. don't you

　　2. The teacher came into the classroom, ________?

　　A. a book in hand

　　B. with book in hand

　　C. book in his hand

　　D. book in hand

　　3. It was 10 o'clock ________ the front doorbell rang.

　　A. where B. when

　　C. that D. which

　　4. The decision was made ________ soon after the meeting.

　　A. to know B. known

　　C. know D. knew

　　5. ________ from the hill, our school looks more beautiful.

　　A. SeeingB. Saw C. Seen D. See

　　6. ________, we went for a swim.

　　A. Being hot B. It being hot

　　C. As it is hotD. It was hot

　　答案:1. B (易选C,D) 2. D (易选B,C) 3. B (易选C) 4.B (易选A) 5.C (易选A,D) 6. B (易选A,D)

　　二、 混淆句式

　　考生在考场中,气氛紧张、时间又不太宽裕,故审题时很难形成清晰的"映象",往往没有搞清题意就"眉毛胡子一把抓",常常遗漏或疏忽题目中某些隐蔽条件,在相应知识的重现和具体化过程中会产生负迁移,而把"冯京"当"马凉"导致问题的错误解答。

　　解答此类题型,切忌头脑发热,不冷静全面地思考,而是跟着感觉走,尤其是在考场上需要我们在保证速度的同时,又要沉着理性地进行推敲。

　　1. The mother didn't know ________ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out. (NMET2002)

　　A. who B. when C. howD. what

　　本题考生在解题时很容易误选C或D项,这也是受了以往知识点what to do / how to do的误导,而没有判断出这里是动词不定式作定语修饰前面的who,以主动形式表示被动含义。

　　2. We agree to accept ________ they thought was the best tourist guide.

　　A. whichever B. whoever

　　C. whatever D. whomever

　　这道试题大多数考生都是在一秒钟内得出错误答案D,即都是认为这里所需选填部分既要作前面动词accept的宾语又要作后面they thought的宾语。造成错误的原因是混淆了句式,没有理解整句话的意思,更不知道they thought是插入语,省略之后,was the best tourist guide缺少主语,故B项正确。

　　3. ________ some of the juice-perhaps you'll like it. (2000全国春季高考题)

　　A. TryingB. Try

　　C. To tryD. Have tried

　　考生初看本题就会有一个先入为主的印象,这是在考查非谓语动词,故选择A或者C项,而没有审清题意,忽略了相当于and的破折号,因此前后句关系是并列句,故选择B项,形成省略主语的祈使句。

　　下面就是混淆句式的一些易错题型,让我们来体会一下:

　　1. Before he went abroad, he spent as much time as he ________ English.

　　A. could learning B. learned

　　C. to learn D. could learn

　　2. ________ nothing worth ________ from the house, the thief couldn't but ________ at once.

　　A. To find; taking; to leave

　　B. Finding; taking; leave

　　C. To find; taking; leave

　　D. Finding; taking; to leave

　　3. The place he ________ is

　　quite far from here.

　　A. suggested hold the meeting

　　B. suggested to hold the meeting

　　C. suggested holding the meeting

　　D. suggested should hold the meeting

　　4. - Did they all pass the driving test?

　　- No, ________ only three of them who passed it.

　　A. there was B. that was

　　C. there were D. it was

　　5. The "Two Cities" referred ________ London and Paris.

　　A. is to B. to be

　　C. to are D. to going to be

　　6. -- Do you have anything more ________,sir?

　　-- No. You can have a rest or do something else.

　　A. typing B. to be typed

　　C. typed D. to type

　　7. This is the main use that the scientists make ________ of natural resources.

　　A. itB. whichC. use D. /

　　8. ________ down the radio-the baby's asleep in the next room.

　　A. Turning B. To turn

　　C. Turned D. Turn

　　答案:1. A (易选B,D) 2. B (易选A,C,D) 3. B (易选A,C,D) 4. D (易选C) 5. C (易选B,D) 6. B (易选C,D) 7. D (易选A,B,C) 8. D (易选A,B)

　　(文/施小军；英语通高中一年级版 03～04学年第5期； 版权归英语辅导报社所有，独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育，未经许可，不得以任何形式进行转载。)