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教师教学参考:浅谈特殊形式的“反义疑问句”
http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/07/29 16:25  英语辅导报

  英语中,反意疑问句是由陈述句和附在其后的附加疑问句组成。其中附加疑问句是对陈述句所说的事实或观点提出疑问,起证实作用,一般用于证实说话者所说的事实或观点。现将特殊形式的反意疑问句归纳如下:

  一、There be 句型陈述句比较特殊, 其附加疑问句的结构为there be的倒装,而不带句子主语。例如:

  There is something wrong with the computer, isn't there? 这台电脑有点毛病,是不是?

  There aren't any fish in the river, are there? 这条河里没有鱼, 是吗?

  二、当陈述部分的主语是everyone,everybody, someone, nobody, no one,none, anyone, somebody等合成不定代词时, 在非正式文体中,附加疑问句中的主语通常用he或they。例如:

  Someone opened the door, didn't he/they? 有人开了门,是不是?

  Nobody went to the cinema, did they? 没人去看电影,是吗?

  三、当陈述部分的主语是everything, nothing, something, anything等合成词,附加疑问句中的主语用it。例如:

  Nothing serious happened, did it? 什么事情也没有发生,对吗?

  Everything is ready, isn't it? 一切准备就绪了,不是吗?

  四、当陈述部分的谓语动词是am的肯定形式时,附加疑问句的谓语动词用aren't,而不用am not;当陈述部分的谓语动词为am not时,附加疑问句的谓语仍用am。例如:

  I am five years younger than you, aren't I? 我比你小五岁,不是吗?

  I am not late, am I? 我没有迟到,对吗?

  五、当陈述部分带有few, little, hardly, scarcely, rarely, seldom, never, nowhere, nothing, no one, nobody等表示否定或半否定意义的词时,附加疑问句的动词用肯定形式。例如:

  The old man can hardly read, can he? 这位老人不识字,对吗?

  Little food has been left, has it? 吃的东西几乎没剩下,是吗?

  He has few good friends, has he? 他几乎没有要好的朋友,是不是?

  六、当陈述句部分带有否定前缀的词时,此陈述句当作肯定句, 其后的附加部分用否定形式。例如:

  The students were impolite, weren't they? 那些学生没有礼貌,不是吗?

  It's illegal to drive a car without a license, isn't it? 没有驾照开车是违章的,不是吗?

  七、如果陈述句是主从复合句而主句的谓语是动词think, believe, suppose, imagine, reckon, fancy等词时,附加部分应与从句中的谓语在时态上保持一致。例如:

  I suppose you are not serious, are you? 我想你不是当真吧,是吗?(不可用don't I?)

  We think they have finished their homework, haven't they? 我们认为他们已经完成了家庭作业,不是吗?

  I believe that you will enjoy the party, won't you? 我相信你会喜欢这次聚会的,不是吗?

  八、当陈述部分是祈使句时,附加部分可以不与前面的祈使句的动词保持一致,而是根据不同的用意选用shall, will, can 等。例如:

  Don't make noise, will you? 不要吵闹,行吗?

  Let's help each other, will you/won't you? 让我们互相帮助,好吗?

  Let me do it for you, will you/won't you? 让我来帮你做这件事,行吗?

  Let us have a look at your new dictionary, will you/won't you? 让我们看一看你的新词典,好吗?

  〔注〕Let's(包括说话者本人)开头的祈使句,附加部分常用shall we?或shan't we? 表示征求意见。 Let us/me/him不包括听话人在内开头的祈使句,附加部分则要用will you?或won't you?

  九、含had better的陈述句,附加部分用助动词had; 含would 的陈述句,附加部分动词用would。例如:

  You'd better go home now, hadn't you? 你最好现在回家,好不好?

  You'd like to see the film, wouldn't you? 你很想看电影,是吗?

  十、附加疑问句有时可用Eh? Right? Am I right? Don't you think? Isn't that so?等。例如:

  She didn't pass the entrance examination, eh? 她没有通过入学考试,呃?

  They forgot to attend the lecture, am I right? 他们忘记去上那次课了,对不对?

  (文/刘佳英 ; 英语辅导报高中教师版 03~04学年度第46期;版权归英语辅导报社所有,独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育,未经许可,不得以任何形式进行转载。)




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