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Unit 1 Madame Curie
http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/10/18 10:26  新浪教育

  注意词义的引申

  英语单词词义的一个显著特点就是它的流动性。教材词汇表或英汉词典只是给出单词一般性的概括和定义。我们在阅读时还需结合具体语境对词义作不同程度的引申,得出符合上下文情境的确切的含义。如:

  Quietly, the graying of America has made us a very different society. 词典一般将gray解释为“灰色的;灰白的”,我们可以从这一基本含义出发,将graying引申为“老龄化”这一新的含义。

  把握词义的引申是阅读理解不可缺少的技巧。要能熟练地做到这一点,我们首先要深入领会词的基本含义,多了解一些构词法知识,同时还要善于结合上下文,恰当地运用近义扩展、类比、抽象与具体相互转化等手段,从词的基本含义出发进行词义的引申。

  Passage 1

  阅读理解…………………………………………………………………

  Madame Curie, the youngest of five children, was born in Warsaw, Poland in 1867. Marie Curie's maiden name was Manya. Her parents were teachers, and she learned the importance of education at an early age. No higher education was offered to women in Poland at that time, so Manya took a job as a governess (女家庭教师). She sent part of her income to Paris to help pay for her older sister's medical studies. Her sister qualified as a doctor and married a fellow doctor in 1891. Manya went to join them in Paris, changing her name to Marie. She entered the Sorbonne (now the Universities of Paris) and studied physics and mathematics, graduating at the top of her class. For the research she wanted to do, she was introduced to another young scientist, Pierre Curie. Later they fell in love with each other. After their marriage, they worked together on radioactivity.

  Fame troubled Marie Curie and also her husband, because science was their world

  and in this world of science fame and honor to persons had no value. One day whe

  n a writer for a newspaper tried to ask Marie about herself and her thoughts and

  her beliefs, she answered him, “In science we must be interested in things, no

  t in persons.” Much of the real character and spirit of this unusual woman was f

  ound in these few words, which she was later often to repeat. One evening, a

  t a big party, a friend asked her if she would like to meet the King of Greece,

  who was also a guest. She answered in her simple manner, “I don't see the valu

  e

  of it.” Then, seeing that she had hurt the feelings of her friend, she quickly

  added, “But...but...of course, I shall do whatever you please. Just as you

  please.”

  注释

  ………………………………

  ① Much of the real character and spirit of this unusual woman was found in t

  hese few words... 这位非凡的妇女的许多真正的品质和精神都可以从这些为数不多的话中体现出来……

  根据章内文容,选择正确答案:

  1. What was valuable to Marie Curie?

  A. Science and research. B. Fame and honor.

  C. Character and spirit.

  D. Persons and things.

  2. The writer for a newspaper was interested in ____ .

  A. things

  B. Marie Curie

  C. Marie Curie's husband

  D. persons

  3. What do you think might have happened between Marie Curie and the King

  of Greece?

  A. The King was angry with Marie Curie.

  B. For the sake of her friend, Marie Curie met the King of Greece.

  C. The King of Greece wrote a letter to invite Marie Curie to meet him.

  D. Marie Curie held another party for the King.

  Passage 2

  阅读理解…………………………………………………………………

  Radioactivity is very dangerous. It may cause skin burns, it may destroy good tissues(组织) and it may cause illnesses that could be passed on to our children and grandchildren. In case of exposure it may even cause death.

  In the early days of radioactivity, scientists did not realize these dangers. Marie and Pierre Curie, after having worked for a while with radioactive materials, noticed that their fingers were reddened and swollen (红肿) and the skin was peeling off. Henry Becquerel① carried a small tube with radium in it in his waistcoat pocket, and was surprised to find a burn on his chest. Other early workers also reported burns and harm of different kinds.

  The strange fact is that it can harm without causing pain, which is the warning signal we expect from harmfulness. Pain makes us pull back our hands from a fire or a hot object, but a person carrying radioactive materials has no way of telling whether he is touching something too “hot” for safety.② Besides, the burns or other harmfulness that radioactivity produces may not appear for weeks. A person may have been hurt without knowing it for some time.

  注释

  ………………………………

  ① Henry Becquerel (1852-1908) 法国物理学家,因发现天然放射性现象,与居里夫妇分享了1903年的诺贝尔物理学奖。

  ② ...but a person carrying radioactive materials has no way of telling whether

  he is touching something too “hot” for safety. ……但是携带放射性物质的人不可能辨别出他是否接触了不安全的强放射性物质。

  根据文章内容,选择正确答案:

  1.Which is the topic sentence for this passage?

  A. Radioactivity may even cause death.

  B. Radioactivity does great harm to children.

  C. Radioactivity may do harm to people without being known.

  D. Radioactivity is dangerous.

  2.A few people were mentioned in the passage. They ____ .

  A. were all famous scientists of great achievements

  B. died of radioactivity

  C. knew little about radioactivity

  D. did experiments on themselves to find the danger of radioactivity

  3.The sentence in the second paragraph “the skin was peeling off” mean

  s “ ____ ”.

  A. the skin was coming off

  B. the skin was turning red

  C. the skin was aching

  D. the skin was becoming hot

  Passage 3

  阅读理解…………………………………………………………………

  Once upon a time there was a wise man that used to go to the ocean to do his wri

  ting. He had a habit of walking on the beach before he began his work.

  One day he was walking along the shore. As he looked down the beach, he saw a hu

  man figure moving like a dancer. He smiled to himself at the thought that so

  meone would dance on the beach. So he began to walk faster to catch up.

  As he got closer, he saw that it was a young man and the young man wasn't danci

  ng, instead he was

  reaching down to the shore, picking up something and very gently throwing it int

  o the ocean.

  As he got closer he called out, “Good morning! What are you doing?”

  The young man paused, looked up and replied, “Throwing starfish (海星) into the o

  cean.”

  “I guess I should have asked, why are you throwing starfish into the ocean?”

  “The sun is up and the tide (潮汐) is going out. And if I don't throw them in,

  theyll die.”

  “But, young man, dont you realize that there are miles and miles of beach and

  starfish all along it? You can't possibly make any difference!”

  The young man listened politely. Then he bent down, picked up another starfish a

  nd threw it into the sea, past the breaking waves and said, “It made a differen

  ce for that one.”

  There is something very special in each and every one of us. We have all been gi

  fted with the ability to make a difference.② And if we can know that gift, we

  will gain through the strength of our visions the power to shape the future.③

  We must each find our starfish. And if we throw our starfish wisely and well, the world will be better.

  注释

  ………………………………

  ① He smiled to himself at the thought that... 一想到……他就独自笑了。

  ② We have all been gifted with the ability to make a difference. 我们都具有改变

  命运的天赋。be gifted with... 具有……的天赋。

  ③ And if we can know that gift, we will gain through the strength of our vi

  sions the power to shape the future. 如果我们能了解这一天赋,我们就能凭借先见之

  明获得塑造将来的力量。

  根据文章内容,选择正确答案:

  1.One day, the wise man saw the young man ____ .

  A. dancing along the beach

  B. walking with a dancer

  C. picking up starfish for sale

  D. trying to save as many starfish as possible

  2.The underlined part “something very special” refers to ____ .

  A. the gifts from friends

  B. the strength of making a decision

  C. our own starfish

  D. the ability of shaping one's own future

  3.From the last two paragraphs, we can learn that ____ .

  A. the wise man realized something new and important

  B. the wise man thought it was foolish of the young man to throw starfish into the ocean

  C. the young man had the ability to make a difference

  D. it is necessary for us to save starfish on the beach

  4.The writer told this story in order to show us ____ .

  A. how and where we can write a good article

  B. everyone can do something for the future

  C. wise men are sometimes stupid

  D. young people are actually wiser than old people

  Passage 4

  完形填空…………………………………………………………………

  Everyone has a wish to travel. But those who cannot do so themselves might find it 1 to work in a travel agency (旅行社), arranging (安排) journeys for other people. Brain Lawley does this, 2 in a small travel agency in an industrial city. Most of his work is connected with 3 , both at home and abroad. Every autumn, the agency

  4 hundreds of booklets full of attractive, colored photographs, 5 the holidays that the customers will be able to have the next year. Soon, people begin to come into the office to 6 their holidays. Brain often has to 7 people on what holidays they are 8 for. And people always have a lot of 9. Last year, for example, a lady of eightytwo wanted to book a mountaineering holiday in the

  Alps, and Brain had great difficulty in 10 her that it would not be 11. In the end, she decided to go for a Mediterranean cruise (航海旅行) 12.

  Arranging journeys for people who have to travel 13 on business is often very 14, but Brain 15 his work. For example, last spring, Mr Perry, director of a local chemical firm, 16 a business trip, and Brain arranged it all for him. First Mr Perry traveled to London by train, and stayed overnight in a hotel near the airport, because his plane 17 early the next morning. He flew to Frankfurt, where he 18 the morning discussing the business. Then he went on by train to Zurich, and spent three days there 19 going on to America. He had business in Seattle, Chicago and New York...and then went home by train. The next day he telephoned the agency to 20 Brain for arranging everything so well for him.

  注释

  ………………………………

  ① the Alps阿尔卑斯山脉(欧洲)

  ② on business 因公;出差

  根据文章内容,选择正确答案:

  1. A. boringB. hardC. interestingD. fit

  2. A. workingB. livingC. studyingD. traveling

  3. A. gamesB. holidaysC. situationsD. business

  4. A. comes outB. takes outC. getsD. sends out

  5. A. describingB. tellingC. drawingD. designing

  6. A. takeB. askC. bookD. make

  7. A. teachB. adviseC. leadD. remind

  8. A. necessaryB. readyC. possibleD. fit

  9. A. questionsB. businessC. interestsD. difficulties

  10. A. preventingB. explainingC. persuadingD. promising

  11. A. cheapB. suitableC. satisfyingD. comfortable

  12. A. thoughB. thereforeC. howeverD. instead

  13. A. abroadB. at homeC. awayD. a long way

  14. A. convenientB. easyC. hardD. terrible

  15. A. leavesB. enjoysC. dislikesD. refuses

  16. A. carried outB. got throughC. picked upD. went on

  17. A. leftB. arrivedC. landedD. returned

  18. A. tookB. costC. spentD. wasted

  19. A. untilB. beforeC. afterD. while

  20. A. offerB. askC. demandD. thank

  Passage 1

  本文简单描述了居里夫人淡泊名利,献身于科学研究的事迹。

  1.A由第二段“...science was their world and in this world of science fame and honor to persons had no value.”可以推断出答案。

  2.D根据居里夫人的回答“In science we must be interested in things, not in persons.”可得出答案。

  3.B根据文章的最后一句话可以推断出答案。

  Passage 2

  本文主要介绍了放射性物质对人体的危害。它会不知不觉地使人体接触部位红肿蜕皮、产生癌变。

  1.D通读全文可知,文章主要描述的是放射性物质的危险性。第一句即是文章的主题句。

  2.A由短文第二段第一句及常识可以推断。

  3.A放射性物质对皮肤造成伤害,使皮肤变红、变肿甚至脱落(come off)。

  Passage 3

  本文通过一个年轻人在海滩拾海星并扔回大海一事,揭示了人生中的一个重要哲理,即我们每个人都具有改变命运的天赋。

  1.D根据“...if I don't throw them in, they'll die.”可以推断出答案。

  2.D由下文“we can know that gift”与 “the power to shape the future”可推断出答案。

  3.A这是一道综合分析判断题。聪明人最终理解了年轻人的行为。

  4.B从短文的最后一句话可知答案。

  Passage 4

  本文通过对Brain Lawley在旅行社工作的经历的描述,反映出旅行社工作的艰辛和繁琐。

  1.C根据句意,不能亲自旅行,那么在旅行社工作也是很有意思的。

  2.A从上下文可知,他在一个工业城市的一家旅行社工作。

  3.B从常识可知,旅行社是为人安排假日旅行的。

  4.Dsend out 意为“发送”。

  5.A旅行小册子描写了到世界各地的旅行路线和许多其它资料。

  6.Cbook 意为“预订”,下文又出现了此词。

  7.Badvise somebody on something意为“对某事向某人提出建议”。

  8.Dbe fit for意为“适合”。

  9.A旅行社有义务帮助人们解决一些问题。

  10.Cpersuade意为“劝服”。

  11.Bsuitable意为“适合的”。老妇人年纪太大,不适合爬山。

  12.DBrain替老妇人换了旅行计划,用航海来代替爬山。

  13.A从下文可看出,Mr Perry是去国外旅行。

  14.C安排国外商业旅行是很费事的。从下文所举的例子可以推出答案。

  15.B上文已经提到,Brain 很喜欢自己的工作。注意这里but表示意义的转折。

  16.Dgo on a trip意为“作旅行”。类似的搭配还有make/take a trip/journey等。

  17.A此处leave意为take off指“(飞机)起飞”。

  18.Cspend time (in) doing something是固定搭配。

  19.B此处表明了Mr Perry旅行路线的安排。

  20.DMr Perry对Brain的完美安排表示感谢。

  1. ...which she was later often to repeat. 后来她也经常这样说。(Paragraph 2, Passage 1)

  “be + to do”结构可以表示将来发生的动作,常有以下几种情况:

  (1) 用于第二人称,用来转达别人的指示。

  You are to eat all your supper before you watch TV. 你得吃完晚饭才能看电视。

  (2) 用于第三人称,表示命令和指示。

  She is to be taken to the teacher's office after class. 下课后把她带到老师办公室去。

  (3) 用于各种人称,表示计划或安排做某事。

  The train is to arrive in Beijing at 8:20 a.m. 火车将于上午8:20到达北京。

  2. In case of exposure it may even cause death. 万一受到辐射甚至会引起死亡。(Paragraph 1, Passage 2)

  in case of... 如果;万一。如:

  In case of rain they cant go. 万一下雨,他们就不能去了。

  in case 还可以引导目的或条件状语从句。如:

  You'd better take more clothes in case the weather is cold. 最好多带些衣服,以防天气会冷。

  In case I forget, please remind me of my promise. 如果我忘了,请提醒我我所做的承诺。

  in that case 如果是那样的话。如:

  —I'm afraid I can't come at all. 恐怕我根本不能来了。

  —Well, in that case I'm not going either. 那样的话,我也不去了。

  in any case 无论如何;总之。如:

  We have to go past your house in any case, so we'll take you home. 我们反正要经过你家的,所以我们就把你送到家吧。


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