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Unit 18 Seeing the doctor

http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/10/20 19:33 新浪教育

　　寻找和使用背景知识

　　寻找背景信息：扫描背景信息可以帮助我们更好地理解、认定文章的细节，并且由已知推求未知，帮助我们做出合理的推断，从而把握深层含义。我们在阅读时应注意五个“W”因素，尤其要注意与众不同的特殊的情节和事实；并且要在获得这些信息之后，根据文章后的题目，联系上下文，对它们进行加工。

　　通过背景知识理解隐藏含义：由于文化背景的不同对某些英语语言和文章很难理解到位，因此要理解其文化和风俗习惯等。这些知识通常都是从大量的背景知识中获取的。在英语阅读理解中，往往不可避免地遇到一些这样的问题。它们所涉及的范围相当广泛，如历史、地理、天文、科普知识、各国习俗、各国文化、生活常识等。

　　Passage 1

　　阅读理解

　　Doctor: I'm sorry you had to wait so long. What's wrong with you?

　　Patient: I've got a sore throat and a headache.

　　Doctor: Do you feel tired?

　　Patient: Yes. My whole body feels weak. I really feel very bad.

　　Doctor: I'm sorry to hear that. I'll have to examine you. Now, open your mouth so that I can look at your throat. Yes, it's very red. It looks sore. I'll have to give you an injection(注射).

　　Patient: Can you give me some pills instead of an injection?①

　　Doctor: An injection is better than pills now.

　　Patient: All right. Give me an injection then.

　　Doctor: Have a good rest and drink a lot of water. You'll be all right soon. Here's some medicine.Take two pills every four hours.

　　Patient: Thank you very much, doctor.

　　Doctor: Please don't mention it.

　　难句注释

　　① Can you give me some pills instead of an injection?

　　你能给我开一些药片，而不注射吗？

　　阅读对话，然后根据对话内容选择正确答案。

　　1. When the patient came to the hospital, ____ .

　　A. the doctor examined his at once

　　B. he waited for some time to be examined

　　C. he met her old friend

　　D. he phoned her father firstly

　　2. The patient told the doctor that ____ .

　　A. his right arm was broken

　　B. he had a stomachache

　　C. he had a headache

　　D. he had a sore throat and a headache

　　3. After the doctor heard what the patient said ____ .

　　A. he was very happy

　　B. he examined the patient

　　C. he gave the patient an injection

　　D. he gave the patient some medicine

　　4. Which is TRUE?

　　A. The patient prefers(喜欢)injection to pills.

　　B. The doctor agreed with the patient.

　　C. The doctor gave the patient an injection only.

　　D. The patient took an injection and some pills.

　　5. The doctor told the patient ____ .

　　A. not to go to school at once

　　B. to stay in bed for a whole day

　　C. to eat some fruit every day

　　D. to drink some water every day

　　Passage 2

　　阅读理解

　　Field report

　　by Sandy Brown, PE Teacher, Lakeside School

　　The junior class went on a trip to Camp Sunshine on their spring vacation. Unfortunately(不幸地), on the trip, everything went wrong. First the bus broke down(抛锚). When we finally got to the camp late at night, we found that the cabins(小屋) didn't have any heating. We were cold all night. The next morning Carol woke up with a cold. The first morning we had a good breakfast and went hiking. Chuck ate some fruit in the forest and got a stomachache. He took some medicine, but he didn't feel very well after that. On the second day, Dan hurt his knee in a soccer game and Nancy and Peter caught Carol's cold. On the third day, Maria got a sore throat, and Sonia got toothache. I took Sonia to the dentist. On the fourth day, Dora woke up with a headache. She didn't sleep much. Because Carol and Nancy coughed all night. I gave aspirin to all of them. I'm a PE teacher, not a nurse. By this time, only Ted wasn't sick. And on the fifth day, Ted woke up with the flu. What do you do when everyone is sick on a trip? We packed our bags and came back home.

　　Total words: 65 Reading time:Reading speed:

　　Passage 3

　　阅读理解

　　There was a kind man in a small town. His name was Goldsmith. He was always ready to help others. He gave away so much to the poor people, but he himself was always poor.①

　　He also studied medicine, so the people in the town called him Doctor Goldsmith.

　　One day, a poor woman asked Doctor Goldsmith to go and see her husband. She said to the doctor,“My husband is very ill and doesn't eat anything for three days.”

　　Goldsmith went with her. He found that the family needed food and money very much. The man had to work for a long time. He was not really ill but hungry because there was no food.②

　　In the evening Goldsmith gave the woman a paper box. “Here is the medicine.” he said,“Eat it and it will do your husband a lot of good. But don't open the box until you get home and you'll find the directions(用法)inside the box.”

　　When the woman reached her home, she sat down by her husbands side, and they opened the box. It was full of money, with a note on top of the money.It says,“ Take it when necessary(需要)”.

　　难句注释

　　①He gave away so much to the poor people, but he himself was always poor.

　　他把一切都奉献给了贫穷的人们，但他自己也很贫穷。

　　②He was not really ill but hungry because there was no food.他实际上没病而是饥饿所致，因为没有东西吃。

　　根据短文内容缩写填空，每空一词。

　　Goldsmith was very (1) to the other people in their small (2). He was a (3) of the poor people because they would like to see him if they were(4). One day he went to a sick man's house. How (5) they were! They (6) food and money very much. The man did not have (7) for a long time and he was quite (8). Goldsmith was very sorry for them. That evening he (9) the woman a box (10) of money. They were very thankful.

　　Passage 4

　　短文填空

　　根据短文内容和所给的首字母，补充空白处的词，使短文内容完整并通顺。

　　A woman caught a c(1) and had to stay in bed. She told her husband to go to town to buy some medicine for h(2), but the man did not know how to call the chemist (药剂师),before he went into the chemist's shop, he s(3) a boy and asked him.

　　“Mr Quack(庸医),” the boy answered with a smile.

　　The man went into the shop and said,“Give me some medicine, Mr Quack.”

　　The chemist became angry and slapped him in the face.

　　The man didnt t(4) the chemist had heard him, he repeated in a loud voice. “I want some medicine for a cold, Mr Quack!”

　　And he was heavily slapped in the face a(5).

　　“Do you have anything else to give?”

　　“N(6)!” the chemist answered angrily.

　　Then the man covered his face and left. When he got home, he said to his wife,“I've brought the medicine for your fever. Get up.”

　　As soon as the woman s(7) up, he gave her a slap in the face. The slap was so heavy that she fell out of bed. It frightened(惊吓) her. She sweated(出汗)and soon got w(8).

　　The man was very happy and went to the town again. When he came into the shop, he said to the chemist, “Half of your medicine has cured my wife and there's the o(9) half left.① I've brought it here and I must return it to you. Mr Quack.”

　　With these w(10), he gave the chemist a heavier slap and left happily.

　　难句注释

　　①Half of your medicine has cured my wife and there's the other half left.

　　你的一半药就治愈了我妻子的病，还剩下一半。

　　Passage 1

　　本文通过了医生和患者的对话，教给我们应该掌握看病时医生常说哪些话，以及患者应怎样跟医生相配合的习惯说法。学习本文可提高学生运用英语的实践能力。

　　1. B 由本文第一句话可知：医生之所以很长时间向患者致歉，是因为患者先到医院等待看病，而很长时间以后才到诊室的。A、C、D三答案跟本题无联系。

　　2. D 由本文第三句话可知：患者向医生详细介绍病症。

　　3. B 医生听完病人叙述的病症之后，应该先检查，再给病人吃药或打针。由本文中间部分第九句、第十句和第十一句话可知。

　　4. D 由本文后半部分知道：病人想只吃点儿药，不想打针，而医生建议病人打针比吃药见效快，所以病人同意打针治疗；尔后医生又给病人开了点吃的药。A、B、C答案均与题意不符。

　　5. D 由本文倒数第六句话“Have a good rest and drink a lot of water.” A、B、C三答案与题意原文意思不符。

　　Passage 2

　　本篇短文主要介绍了每个人所患的病情。本题主要考查学生根据短文阅读，填写后面的表格，其中部分表格已给出了答案。本题询问“每个人患了什么病？”通过阅读可知：

　　1 .hurt his knee

　　2. got a headache

　　3. got a sore throat

　　4. caught Carol's cold

　　Passage 3

　　这位医生是一位非常高尚的人，治病时，一切为了病人；为了病人他献出了自己的一切。

　　1.kind。由文中的第一句可知。

　　2. town。见第一题解。

　　3. doctor。由第一段的最后一句可知，他是一个很愿意帮助穷人的医生。

　　4. ill。生病了才会去看医生。

　　5. poor。那家人很穷，从第三段和第四段可知。

　　6. needed。从第四自然段第二句可知。

　　7. work。这句是第四自然段第三句的另一种说法。had no work=did not have work。

　　8. hungry。由第四自然段最后一句可知。

　　9. gave。由第五自然段那句话可知。

　　10. full。最后一个自然段第二句话“It was full of money”是说这位好心的医生给了那位妇女满满一盒子钱。

　　Passage 4

　　本文通过一位丈夫进城为他妻子买药治感冒的经历，说明了学习文化知识的重要性，以一个侧面讽刺了知识贫乏而造成的莫大的笑话，令人啼笑皆非。

　　1. cold。 catch a cold 表示“患了感冒”。

　　2. her。“buy sth. for sb.”表示“为某人买某物”。

　　3. stopped。是及物动词，意为“拦住”，后接宾语。

　　4. think。是及物动词，意为“认为”，后接宾语。

　　5. again。是副词，意为“又；再”，表示动作的重复。

　　6. Nothing。表示“没有事情”之意，是复合不定代词，常用于作简略的否定回答。

　　7. sat。sit up表示“坐起”之意。

　　8. well。 get well表示“变好”之意，指身体恢复健康。

　　9. other。the other表示“(两者中的)另一个”之意。医生开的药，他妻子吃了一半，还剩一半没吃；两部分中的另一部分即两者中的另一个。

　　10. words。with these words表示“说着……”之意。

　　1.Can you give me some pills instead of an injection? 你能给我开些药片，而不注射吗？(见Line 16, Passage 1)

　　本句中的instead of意思是“代替，顶替，取而代之”。其后常接名词、代词的宾格及动词的ing形式。如:Let's go shopping instead of playing football.让我们去购物，而不去踢足球。

　　2.Half of your medicine has cured my wife and there's the other half left.你的一半药就治愈了我妻子的病，还剩下一半。(见Line 19—20, Passage 4)

　　句中的half of...意思是“……中的一半”，其后接名词或代词的宾格形式。如：Half of the work is easy to do for them. 对他们来说一半的工作容易做。

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