一、一般现在时与现在进行时的区别

　　一般现在时是表示现在经常性、习惯性的动作，或现在的状态，强调长期性、稳定性；而现在进行时是指现在此刻或现在这一时期内正在进行的动作，强调暂时性，不稳定性。例如：

　　He usually gets up at six in the morning.(经常性、习惯性动作)

　　She is an Englishwoman.(现在的状态)

　　We are working on the farm these days.(现在这期间的动作，表示这几天暂时在农场上帮忙)

　　Look! The boys are fighting.(现在此刻所发生的动作)

　　【注意】不宜用进行时态的动词：表示心理状态、情感的动词，如：love, like, hate, care, know, understand, forget, remember, believe, want, agree, wish, mean等；表示存在的动词，如：be, lie(位于)等；表示一瞬间就发生的动作，如：get, buy, end, receive 等。例如：

　　I like English very much.

　　Mexico lies to the south of Texas.

　　二、表示"将来时态"几种形式的区别

　　在初中阶段，我们学了will / shall＋动词原形, be going to＋动词原形, be doing,以及一般现在时等四种形式表达将来时。

　　1. will / shall表示单纯的将来(即现在的之后)，will还可以表示"决心"、"意愿"；shall 用于第一、三人称的问句中，还可以表示征求对方的意见。例如：

　　He will be back in a few days.(单纯将来)

　　I will study hard to keep up with my classmates.(决心或意愿)

　　Shall I go with you?(征求意见)

　　【注意】在含有if的条件状语从句时，主句中要用will表示将来时。例如：

　　If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will go climbing.

　　2. be going to＋动词原形多用于口语，强调事先的"打算、计划"要做的事情或有某种迹象要发生的事情。例如：

　　What are you going to do this evening?(打算)

　　Look！There are so many clouds in the sky. It's going to rain， I think. (有迹象要发生的事情)

　　3. be doing代表现在进行时。现在进行时表示即将发生的将来，多与表示位移的动词come, go, arrive, leave, fly, start等连用。例如：

　　She is leaving for Beijing. 她就要启程去北京。

　　4. 一般现在时表示将来时，主要用于时间状语从句或条件状语从句中；或者用来表示按时刻表的规定将要发生的动作。例如：

　　I'll tell him about it as soon as I see him.

　　My plane takes off at seven tomorrow morning.

　　三、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别

　　现在完成时是现在时的范畴，表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响；而一般过去时是过去的范畴，表示过去的动作或现象，与现在无关。例如：

　　He has come here.(说明他现在在这里)

　　He came here.(说明他过去来过这里，但现在是否在这里不知道)

　　四、一般过去时与过去进行时的区别

　　一般过去时表示过去发生过，强调动作结束了。而过去进行时表示动作在过去某时间内进行，强调动作没结束。例如：

　　Yesterday I wrote a letter.(意思是"写了信")

　　Yesterday I was writing a letter.(意思是"在写信")

　　五、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时的区别

　　过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时这三个时态是"寄生"时态。所谓"寄生"时态，就是不能单独存在，必须以某一过去时为存在的条件。过去进行时就是与某一过去时同时发生的动作，过去将来时就是在某一过去时之后发生的动作，过去完成时就是在某一过去动作之前发生的动作。请比较：

　　When I got there, they had done the work.当我到达那儿时，他们已经做完工作了。

　　When I got there, they were doing the work carefully. 当我到达那儿时，他们正在认真地做工作。

　　When I got there, they would do the work.当我到达那儿时，他们才做工作。

　　过关练习

　　1. -Where is Jim?

　　-He _______ to the shop. He'll be back in an hour.

　　A. goesB. go

　　C. has goneD. will go

　　2. I don't think I _______ you in that dress before.

　　A. have seenB. was seeing

　　C. sawD. see

　　3. I'm sorry you've missed the train. It _______10 minutes ago.

　　A. leftB. has left

　　C. had leftD. has been left

　　4. -Mum, may I go out and play basketball?

　　- _______ you _______ your homework yet?

　　A. Do; finishB. Are; finishing

　　C. Did; finishD. Have; finished

　　5. -I don't know if his uncle_______.

　　-I think he_______if it doesn't rain.

　　A. will come; comes

　　B. will come; will come

　　C. comes; will come

　　D. comes; comes

　　6. -Excuse me, look at the sign: NO PHOTOS!

　　-Sorry, I_______it.

　　A. don't seeB. didn't see

　　C. haven't seen D. won't see

　　7. I think you were in a hurry. You_______your sweater inside out.

　　A. had wornB. wore

　　C. were wearingD. are wearing

　　8. The traffic in our city is already bad and it_______even worse.

　　A. getsB. got

　　C. has gotD. is getting

　　9. -Has Jack finished his homework yet?

　　-I have no idea. He_______ it this morning.

　　A. was doingB. had been doing

　　C. has doneD. did

　　10. -Sorry, I forget to post the letter for you.

　　-Never mind, _______ it myself tonight.

　　A. I'm going to post

　　B. I've decided to post

　　C. I'll post

　　D. I'd rather post

　　Key: 1-5 CAADB6-10 BDDAC

　　(文/陈书元；英语通高中一年级版 03～04学年第7期； 版权归英语辅导报社所有，独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育，未经许可，不得以任何形式进行转载。)