ESOL English for Speakers of Other Languages

　　ESP English for Specific Purposes

　　EST English for Science and Technology

　　ESU English Speaking Union

　　GTM Grammar Translation Method (label to describe the “traditional” teaching methods used before communicative approaches were developed toward the end of the 20th century; still very popular in Japan)

　　IALLT International Association for Language Learning Technology

　　IATEFL International Association of Teachers of English as a Foreign Language

　　IIEEC Institute for International English Education of Children

　　IELTS International English Language Testing System

　　IPA International Phonetic Alphabet or International Phonetic Association

　　JACET Japan Association of College English Teachers

　　JALT Japan Association for Language Teaching K-12 Kindergarten to 12th grade (based on the US school system)

　　KOTESOL Korea Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages

　　L1 First Language (the student's native language)

　　L2 Second Language (the language the student is learning; also referred to as Target Language)

　　LAD Language Acquisition Device (universal, genetic ability to acquire language; idea developed by Noam Chomsky)

　　LATEM Little America Teaching English Methods LCCIEB London Chamber of Commerce and Industry Examinations Board

　　LEP Limited English Proficiency (usually used for children in a country other than their native-language environment)

　　LES Limited English Speaker

　　MLAT Modern Language Aptitude Test (deve-

　　loped at Harvard University and published by the Psychological Corporation; ) MLU Mean Length of Utterance (Means of calculating the linguistic activity or proficiency of young children; in short, the number of words spoken divided by the number of times they speak)

　　(文/王一凡；英语辅导报初中教师版04~05学年第10期；版权归英语辅导报社所有，独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育，未经许可，不得以任何形式进行转载。)