1. 短暂性动词come，go，start，begin，leave，return，sail，open，arrive，stop等可以用一般现在时或现在进行时表示将来的动作，常用来表示已决定的、有计划的或即将发生的行为，通常句子中带有时间状语。

　　①The train starts out at four o’clock. 火车四点出发。

　　②Tom is leaving tomorrow afternoon. 汤姆明天下午离开。

　　2. 在时间、方式、让步状语从句中，及在if，as long as，unless引导的条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时表示将来的动作，有时也可用现在完成时表示将来完成的动作。

　　Even if it rains tomorrow，the sports meeting will take place.

　　即使明天下雨，运动会也将如期举行。

　　3. 下列动词通常不能用于进行时：

　　(1)感官动词：see, hear，smell，taste，feel notice, look，seem，appear

　　(2)表示感觉的动词：hate，love，feal like, want, wish，prefer，refuse，forgive

　　(3)表示存在的动词：be，exist，remain, stay, obtain (获得)

　　(4)表示占有、从属的单词：have，possess (具有), own，contain，belong，consist of，form

　　(5)表示思考、理解的单词：understand，know，believe，think，doubt，forget，remember

　　4. 在It’s about time that…; I wish that…；I would rather…；If only…；as if／though等结构的后面表示现在或未来的主观想象或假设情况，常用过去时。

　　We would rather you stayed with us for a long time.

　　我们宁愿你与我们多呆一会儿。

　　5. 区分表示将来的will；be going to；be+v-ing；be about to。表示事先考虑过的，即说话时刻之前已考虑的意图，常用be going to ；be going to还可用来表示已有迹象表明要发生或不是人们主观安排的将来动作；如果是说话时刻才考虑到的用will；如果表示将来具有“肯定的安排”的含义，这种“安排”通常不容改变，用be+ v-ing形式；be about to往往表示即将(马上)要发生的动作，一般不和时间状语连用。

　　Look at the dark clouds.It____.

　　A. is going to rain B. is raining C. is about to rain D. rains (答案是A)

　　6. 一般过去时和现在完成时都表示过去所发生的动作，但现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系，如对现在产生的影响、结果等，所以它不能和表示过去的时间状语连用；一般过去时只表示过去的事实，不表示和现在的关系，它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。

　　①—Have you read the book? 你读过那本书了吗？

　　一Yes，I have.是的，我读过。

　　②一When did you read it? 你什么时候读的？

　　一I read it last summer. 我去年夏天读的。

　　另外要注意：含时间状语或让步状语从句的主句不用现在完成时。

　　Tom’s second computer went wrong although he used it only once.

　　汤姆的第二台电脑出毛病了，尽管他只用了一次。

　　7. 注意主从复合句中时态的呼应。除宾语从句外，其他名词性从句，如主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句一般要遵守时态呼应规律，而状语从句和定语从句则是根据本身意思需要选用适当的时态。

　　直击高考

　　1. —Sorry, Joe, I didn’t mean to…

　　—Don’t call me “Joe”. I’m Mr Parker to you, and you forget it! (NMET2003)

　　A. doB. didn’tC. didD. don’t

　　2. All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness . (NMET2003)

　　A. has grownB. is growingC. grewD. had grown

　　3. Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge? It will fresh for several days. (NMET2003)

　　A. be stayed B. stayC. be stayingD. have stayed

　　4. —When will you come to see me, Dad?

　　—I will go to see you when you_______ the training course. (2003北京)

　　A. will have finished B . will finish

　　C. are finishing D. finish

　　5. How can you possibly miss the news? It _______ on TV all day long. (2004北京春)

　　A. has beenB. had been C. wasD. will be

　　6. -Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on.

　　-Where was I?

　　-You ______ you didn’t like your father’s job. (2004北京春)

　　A. had saidB. said

　　C. were sayingD. had been saying

　　7. I arrived late; I _____ the road to be so icy. (2004北京春)

　　A. wouldn’t expect B. haven’t expected

　　C. hadn’t expected D. wasn’t expecting

　　8. I ______ while reading the English textbook. Luckily, my roommate woke me up in time! (2004北京春)

　　A. had fallen asleep B. have fallen asleep C. fell asleep D. fall asleep

　　答案与分析

　　1. D本题考查祈使句的用法，同时也涉及了时态的问题。题干中的感叹号是解题的关键。由题意(……对于你来说，我是Mr Parker，你不要忘记!)可知，此处应用一般现在时态，排除B、C。祈使句如需强调对方时，可加主语you。用否定结构时，don’t一般放于句首，即you之前。故答案为D。

　　2. C本题考查动词的时态。由从句的时态可知主句也应该用过去时态，又因为as引导时间状语从句时，表示主、从句动作同时进行，常译作“一边……，一边……”，此题中as应译为“当……的时候”，所以此空应填动词的过去式grew。故答案为C。

　　3. B本题考查动词stay的用法及时态与语态。由fresh(形容词，意为“新鲜的”)可知，题中的stay表示“保持(某种状态)”，是系动词，不能用于被动语态，可排除A。根据前句的语境，后一个句子表示的是将来某一段时间内存在的状态，应用一般将来时，故答案为B。

　　4. D 本题考查动词的时态。主句运用一般将来时，从句一般便现在时表达将来。

　　5. A 通过空后的all day long我们可以看得出，说话人强调“到现在为止一直存在的状态”，因此句子用现在完成时。

　　6. C 本题是根据情景选择时态。首先排除过去完成时与过去完成进行时，因为没有过去的时间作对比，因此无法表示“过去的过去”。从Where was I(我刚才说到哪里了)，我们可以看出这是叙述刚才发生的动作，因此用过去进行时最佳。

　　7. C “我”没有料到路会这么滑，是发生在“我”来以前，从I arrived late看，“来”的动作发生在过去，因此“料到”发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。

　　8. C “睡着”是发生在“读书”过程中的动作，通过下文情景我们可以看出，“读书”又是发生在过去的动作，因此“睡着”用一般过去时。

　　专项训练

　　1.Sorry. I ____ you___ to me.

　　A. didn’t think; were speaking B. don’t think; spoke

　　C. don’t think; are speaking D. thought; are speaking

　　2.She never goes home until she ___ out all her newspapers.

　　A. sells B. had sold C. will sell D. has sold

　　3.It was until then that I came to know that knowledge ____ only from practice.

　　A. has come B. comes C. came D. had come

　　4. —Is this the last exam we have to take this term?

　　—Yes, but there ____ another teat three months from now.

　　A. has B. is C. was D. will be

　　5. —I hear you went to Japan last month.

　　—No, I____ there.

　　A. did go B. had never been C. have never been D. was never

　　6. —John took a photograph of you just now.

　　—Really? What a pity! I____.

　　A. didn’t look B. wasn’t looking C. hadn’t looked D. haven’t looked

　　7. His mother ____a few days after she was taken home.

　　A. died B. had died C. has died D. was died

　　8. —What time ____ Tom tomorrow?

　　—At 8:00 a.m.

　　A. do you meet B. will you meet C. would you meet D. are you meeting

　　9. —Why didn’t you meet me at the airport this morning?

　　—I didn’t know you ____ today.

　　A. will come B. have come C. would come D. should come

　　10. —Have you visited the museum?

　　—No, but____.

　　A. I haven’t B. I’m going C. I’m going to D. I have

　　11. You____ be able to see him until he ____out of prison.

　　A. won’t; has come B. will; comes C. can’t; will come D. may not; will have come

　　12. I’m not sure if I____ time. If I_____ time, I’ll go there with you.

　　A. have; have B. will have; have C. have; will have D. will have; will have

　　13 . —Did you go to Qingdao for vacation last summer?

　　—I _____ to go, but I got sick at the last minute.

　　A. planned B. was planning C. had been planning D. have planned

　　14. We____ wherever the Party and the people____ us.

　　A. will work; need B. work; will need C. work; need D. will work; will need

　　15. —Have you telephoned your father?

　　—Yes. He_____ back next year.

　　A. is expected B. expects C. will expects D. will be expected

　　16. —How long ____you____ each other?

　　—Well, it____ nearly two years since we met last.

　　A. didn’t; see; is B. haven’t; seen; had been C. don’t; see; has been D. haven’t; seen; has been

　　17. —Hi, Tracy, you look tired.

　　—I am fired. I___ the living room all day.

　　A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have painted

　　18. —Is John going away?

　　—I think so. He_____ for a better job, but he didn’t get it.

　　A. hopes B. had hoped C. was hoped D. has hoped

　　19. The engines ____ by hand, but now they____ by electricity.

　　A. used to be started; are started B. used to start; are started

　　C. used to be started; start D. used to start, start

　　20. —Who broke the ruler?

　　—Sorry, I ____.

　　A. have broken B. broke C. did D. was

　　答案与分析

　　1. A 现在已知道了，原来不知道，所以应该用过去时态。我所不知道的是你刚才在和我说话。

　　2. D 把所有的报纸都卖出之后才回家。从句动作完成后主句动作才发生。

　　3. B Knowledge comes from practice.是客观真理，用一般现在时。

　　4. D but是转折连词，three months from now是一个将来的时间，所以用将来时。

　　5. C have been there是“去过那里”的意思。

　　6. B 用一般过去时只表示过去某时发生过某事，用进行时侧重于动作持续时间的长度，且往往带有感情色彩。

　　7. A die一词是短暂性动词，不能延续，也不能用被动。由于他妈妈的死是发生在她被带回家之后，所以用一般过去时态。

　　8. D 此处用进行式表示按计划、安排将要发生的动作。

　　9. C “原来不知道你要来(现在已经知道)”。

　　10. C 表示计划、打算要做某事，用be going to。

　　11. A until从句动作完成之后,主句动作才有可能发生。

　　12. B 第一个if引导宾语从句；第二个if引导条件状语从句。

　　13. C 过去完成时与plan连用，可表示一个未曾实现的希望、打算或意图。本题用过去完成进行时更强调动作的持续性。

　　14. A 这里will表示意愿。

　　15. A “现在期望他明年回来”。

　　16. D how long提问时间段，two years也表示时间段，而且since。是指从过去某一个时间至今，所以第三个空用现在完成时(也可用一般现在时)。

　　17. C “have been+现在分词”为现在完成进行时，表示过去开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。

　　18. B 表示过去的过去。

　　19. A 过去和现在对比，engine和start之间是被动关系。

　　20. C did代替broke it, 以避免重复。