1. 被动语态的时态。动词的被动语态由动词be加上过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。

　　①A library with five thousand books is offered to the nation as a gift.

　　一所藏书五千册的图书馆作为礼物被送与国家。

　　②The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather.

　　因为糟糕的天气运动会将被延期。

　　③ When the firefighters arrived, the big fire had been put out.

　　当消防员赶到时，大火已经被扑灭。

　　2. 短语动词的被动语态。由“动词+副词+介词”构成的三词动词和一些以介词结尾的成语动词变被动语态时要避免遗漏介词。

　　The book is often referred to. 这本书经常被参考。

　　3. 不及物动词没有被动语态。例如：appear，arrive , belong, break (开始，突变)，come true，die，escape，fall，happen，last，remain，succeed，take place，occur等。

　　The news quickly spread in the country. 消息很快传遍这个国家。

　　4. 有些动词尽管是及物动词但也不能变为被动语态。如：have on，agree with，write to，belong to，have等。

　　①I quite agree with you.我十分同意你的观点。

　　②His brother owns a large company. 他的兄弟有家大公司。

　　5. 有些动词的主动形式表示被动含义。这类动词是一些表示主语的特征、性质的不及物动词。如：sell，wash，wear，shut，open，read，write，cut，end，begin等；连系动词look，feel，taste，smell，sound等，也是用主动形式表示被动意义，但后面要接形容词做表语,不能接副词。

　　The cloth looks good and washes well. 这种布料美观易洗。

　　6. 有些动词形式上是被动的，但含义是主动的。

　　①He was dressed in a policeman’s clothes at that time.他当时穿着警服。

　　②He was drunk at the dinner.他在宴会上喝醉了。

　　③The girl was lost in the forest.这女孩在森林中迷路了。

　　④My uncle has been engaged in the study of cotton growing for 20 years.我叔叔从事棉花生产研究已经20年了。

　　⑤The boy was seated on a chair.那男孩坐在一把椅子上。

　　⑥They are hidden behind the trees.他们躲藏在树后。

　　⑦The soldiers were stationed on the top of the mountain.士兵们驻扎在山顶上。

　　7. 注意系表结构和被动语态的区别。前者往往表示主语所处的“某种状态”或是表示“某人引起某种感情”的动词的过去分词；后者则强调动作的执行者或强调动作的反复性过程。

　　直击高考

　　1. —How long ____ at this job?

　　—Since 1990. (2003北京)

　　A. were you employed B. have you been employed

　　C. had you been employed D. will you be employed

　　2. —What happened to the priceless works of art?

　　—________. (2003北京)

　　A. They were destroyed in the earthquake

　　B. The earthquake was destroying them

　　C. They destroyed in the earthquake

　　D. The earthquake destroyed them

　　3. If city noises _____ from increasing, people_____ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now. (MET1992 )

　　A. are not kept; will have to B. are not kept; have to

　　C. do not keep; will have to D. do not keep; have to

　　4.—Do you like the material?

　　—Yes, it ____ very soft. (MET1994 )

　　A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt

　　5. I need one more stamp before my collection _____. (MET1994 )

　　A. has completed B. completes C. has been completed D. is completed

　　6. All the preparations for the task ____ , and we’re ready to start. (NMET 2000春)

　　A. completed B. complete C. had been completed D. have been completed

　　7. Hundreds of jobs _____ if the factory closes. (NMET 2001春)

　　A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lose

　　8. A new cinema_____ here. They hope to finish it next month. (NMET 2001春)

　　A. will be built B. is built C. has been built D. is being built

　　答案与分析

　　1. B 从答语Since 1990我们可以知道，说话人问的是一段时间，since表示“从过去一直到现在”，因此本空用现在完成时。

　　2. A 本题考查时态语态与习惯表达。第一个说话人问的是发生在the priceless works of art的事情，因此回答时为了有所侧重，将they放在主语的位置上，they与destroy间为被动关系，在这里叙述过去的事情，因此最佳答案是A。

　　3. A 在真实条件状语从句中，主句应用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。还要注意city noises和keep是被动关系

　　4.C 从形式上看，该句很像是被动语态，结果选D的考生有一些。而实际上feel是摸起来的意思，与后面的soft是系表结构。作为此意讲时，feel没有被动语态，也不可用作进行

　　时，故A、D、B项不可选。本题区分度为0.357，通过率为35%。

　　5. D 该题的考查目标是时间状语从句中时态和语态的用法。从原题的主句时态看出，从句中应该用一般现在时。而complete与collection构成动宾关系，所以用被动语态。故D最佳。本题区分度为0.451，通过率为4l%。

　　6. D All the preparations与complete之间应为被动关系，故排除A、B。依据we’re ready to start，故排除C。

　　7.B此题是在if引起一个状语从句中，从句用现在时，主句中用一般将来时，而且句意为被动，故B为最佳。

　　8. D 从后面的提示看，这项工程没有完工，故应正在建设之中，而且是被动语态，故D为最佳。

　　专项训练

　　1. After the class，the students went out of the classroom one by one, but only Mary___.

　　A. left B. had left C. was leaving D. was left

　　2. The teacher told the students that they____ to be useful men to the country.

　　A. were all expected B.were all expecting

　　C. all were expected D. all expected

　　3. He___in a shower last night and got wet through.

　　A. caught B. was caught C. had caught D. caught up

　　4. The thief___ when he was stealing a wallet from a woman.

　　A. happened to notice B. was taken place to notice

　　C. was happened to be noticed D. happened to be noticed

　　5. He____ and was made to repeat it.

　　A. didn’t understand B. didn’t be understood

　　C. wasn’t understand D. wasn’t understood

　　6. The pupils here___ all kinds of exercises every day in the past few weeks.

　　A. kept busy doing B. keep on doing

　　C. have kept busy doing D. have been kept busy doing

　　7. —What were you doing when Tom came to see you?

　　—I ____on my overcoat and ___ to visit a friend of mine.

　　A. have just put; leaving B. was put; was left

　　C .had just put; was leaving D. was putting; left

　　8. They said good-bye, hardly knowing that they ____again.

　　A. were never met B. will never meet C. never met D. were never to meet

　　9. —What happened to the postman?

　　—I don’t know. He____ around here for a long time.

　　A. hasn’t seen B. didn’t see C. wasn’t seen D. hasn’t been seen

　　10. Don’t get that ink on your shirt, for it____.

　　A. won’t wash out B. won’t be washed out

　　C. isn’t washed out D. doesn’t wash away

　　11. —Do you know anyone in Paris?

　　—No. I’ll make friends once_____.

　　A. I’m settled B. I have settled C. I’ll be settled D. I’m settling

　　12. Not having finished his homework,____ to watch TV.

　　A. Mother forbade him B. so he was forbidden C. and he wanted D. he was forbidden

　　13 . —Bob, you____ on the phone.

　　—_____.

　　A. are needed; I’m coming B. are wanted; Coming

　　C. are called; I’ll come D. are rung up; Thanks

　　14. E-mail, as well as telephones,_____ an important part in daily communication.

　　A. is being played B. are playing C. have played D. is playing

　　15. Jackson____ to work in government office though he hated serving there.

　　A. wanted B. was wanted C. was wanting D. had wanted

　　16. Your cough ought _____ before it gets worse.

　　A. to see B. to be seen C. to see to D. to be seen to

　　17. —I’m going away for the weekend.

　　—But you ____you____ out to dinner with me.

　　A. say; will come B. say; came

　　C. said; would come D. have said; will made

　　18. I don’t know what decisions ____ at the conference as John hasn’t reported to me yet.

　　A. would make B. will make C. are made D. were made

　　19. —Would you have come to his help, had you been free?

　　—Yes. But I____ engaged.

　　A. was B. were C. had been D. would be

　　20. All the preparations for the task ____, and we’re ready to start.

　　A. completed B. complete

　　C. had been completed D. have been completed

　　答案与分析

　　1. D leave既可作“离开”解，又可作“留下”解。本题明显含有“Mary被留在教室里 (by the teacher)”之意。

　　2. A 此句用被动语态，表示“他们被期待、被指望……”，all常置于be动词或第一个助动词之后。

　　3. B 表示“淋雨”、“碰上阵雨”时，若“雨”作主语，用主动形式，动词用catch；若“人”作主语，则用be caught in结构。

　　4. D happen，take place不用于被动语态，但happen to (碰巧) 之后的不定式可以用被动语态。本题的notice与主语thief是动宾关系，故用不定式的被动形式。

　　5. D 从He...was made to repeat it可推断他的话未被理解，故用被动形式。

　　6. D keep sb.busy doings sth.表示“使某人忙于”，完成时的被动形式应为have been kept busy doing sth.。

　　7. C 前—个动作在 “Tom来看”时已完成，后一个正要去做。

　　8. D were (was) to do sth.表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的事。

　　9. D 从时间状语for a long time可知，到说话时为止长时间没见到邮递员了。故用现在完成时态的被动语态。

　　10. A “won’t wash out”意思是“不会洗掉”。用来说明主语的特征。

　　11. A settle作“安家”解时，既可用settle，也可用be settled。本题是由once即 (一旦)引起的时间状语从句，故用一般现在时表将来。

　　12. D 本题前半部分是现在分词的完成时作原因状语。根据分词作状语，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语相一致的原则，排除A。B、C两项分别有连词so和and，故不对。

　　13. B“有你的电话”英语应说you are wanted on the telephone。答语用coming表示“我就来(=I’m coming.)”

　　14. D as well as连接两个主语时，谓语动词应和as well as前的主语一致。

　　15. B 尽管Jackson不愿意在政府部门工作，但是政府部门却相中了他。

　　16. D 题意为“趁着咳嗽得不很厉害，你应该马上就医才是。”

　　17.C 因为主句的谓语动词用的是过去时态，所以从句的时态应该用过去时态的一种，这里是间接引语形式。

　　18. D make与decisions是动宾关系，at the conference告诉我们，(会上)作出决定已成事实，只不过John尚未报告究竟作出什么样的决定，故本题用过去时态的被动语态。

　　19. A 此题的关键是but，I was engaged意思是“我当时很忙。”

　　20. D 现在完成时表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响。从and we’re ready to start 可知，一切准备工作已经就绪，可以开始工作了。