常见的倒装有两种，即全部倒装和部分倒装。

　　1. 全部倒装

　　将整个谓语提到主语之前的称为全部倒装。常见的有：

　　(1) 在There be (appear，come，exist，happen，lie,，live，remain，seem，stand)句型中。

　　①There stands the Bell Tower in the centre of the city.位于市中心的是钟楼。

　　②There lived an old fisherman near the.sea.在海边住着一位老渔夫。

　　(2)以down，up，in，out，here, there，now，then，back.away，off over等副词开头的句子。

　　①Up stood the judge and began to question the murderer.法官站了起来，开始审问那个杀人犯。

　　②Out ran the thief.小偷跑了出去。

　　但主语是代词时不能倒装。

　　Away he went.他走了。

　　(3)将表示地点的介词短语放在句首时。

　　①In front of the building is a vineyard. 楼前有个葡萄园。

　　②Down the street walked the marchers. 游行的人沿街而行。

　　(4)直接引语的一部分或全部放在句首时。

　　① “What does the word mean?” asked the boy.“这个单词是什么意思”?男孩问道。

　　② “Yes,” replied John, “I’m wrong.”“是的,” 约翰回答说，“我错了。”

　　(4) now, then位于句首，谓语是表示“出现”的动词，如come, appear等，用全部倒装。

　　①Now comes your turn. 轮到你了。

　　②Then appeared a man in the distance. 然后在远处出现了个人。

　　2. 部分倒装

　　将谓语的一部分(即情态动词、系动词或助动词)提到主语前的称为部分倒装。如句中没有情态动词、助动词或系动词，谓语只是一个实义动词，要在主语前加助动词do，does或did，主语后的实义动词用原形。常见的有：

　　(1) 含有否定意义的词never，seldom，little.hardly，not，scarcely，nowhere，by no means(决不)等置于句首时。

　　①Never have I seen such a man.我从来没有见过这样的人。

　　②Not until yesterday did we know that he had died of cancer.

　　直到昨天我们才知道他死于癌症。

　　(2)以only修饰的副词、介词短语或从句放在句首时。

　　①Only then did I realize that I was wrong.只是到那时我才意识到我错了。

　　②Only in this way can you improve your English. 只有这样你才能提高英语水平。

　　③Only when he is free does he come to see me. 只有当他空闲时才来看我。

　　注意：only 修饰状语从句放在句首时，只能倒装主句部分。

　　(3)当so置于句首意为“也如此”，neither，nor置于句首意为“也不”时。

　　①They all finished the work.So did I.他们都完成了工作，我也完成了。

　　②We have never been abroad，neither has she.我们从来未去过国外，她也没去过。

　　当so表示对前句内容的肯定和附和，译作“确实，正是”时，用自然语序。

　　一The students work very hard.学生们学习努力。

　　一So they do.他们确实是这样。

　　(4)当not only…but also, so／such…that, not… until, no sooner… than, hardly… when等连词置于句首时。

　　①Not only did we lose all our money，but also we came close to losing our lives.

　　我们不但把钱全丢了，还几乎丢了命。

　　②So hard does he study that he often forgets food and sleep.

　　他学习如此努力，常常是废寝忘食。

　　③No sooner had I gone out than a friend of mine came to see me.

　　我刚出去，就有一位朋友来看我；

　　(5)在as引导的让步状语从句中(名词／形容词/副词／动词+as+主谓结构)。

　　①Child as he is，he knows more than you.虽然他是孩子，但他懂的比你多。

　　②Tired as he was，he continued the work.虽然他累了，但他继续工作。

　　③Much as I like it, I will not buy it. 虽然我很喜欢这东西，但我不想买它。

　　④Try as they may,they will not succeed. 尽管他们很努力，但不会成功。

　　(6)虚拟语气的条件状语从句省去 if时，须将were，had，should提到句首构成倒装句。

　　①Were I in school again, I would work harder. 如果我重新回到学校，我会加倍努力学习。

　　②Had you not helped me, I wouldn’t have succeeded. 若不是你帮我，我不会成功。

　　③Should it rain tomorrow, the crops would be saved. 如果明天下雨，庄稼会得救的。 .

　　(7)频度副词often, always, once, now and then, every other day, many a time等放在句首时。

　　①Often did we go for walks together after supper at that time.

　　那时，我们晚饭后常一块儿散步。

　　②Every other day did he go to the hospital to see his father.

　　每隔一天他就去医院看望他父亲。

　　(8)为了使句子保持平衡，为了强调表语或为了使上下文紧密衔接时，常使用倒装语序。

　　①Gone forever are the days when the Chinese people were looked down upon.

　　中国人被瞧不起的日子一去不复返了。

　　②Also present will be a person who thinks up an idea for an advertisement.

　　出席会议的还有广告的策划者。

　　直击高考

　　1. Not until the fish died in the river ___ how serious the pollution was. (NMET’95)

　　A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realized C. the villagers realize D. didn’t the villagers realize

　　2. The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once with each other. (NMET2003)

　　A. they had quarreledB. they have quarreled

　　C. have they quarreledD. had they quarreled

　　3.—David has made great progress recently.

　　—____, and____. (1997上海)

　　A. So he has; so you have B. So he has; so have you

　　C. So has he; so have you D. So has he; so you have

　　4.—It was careless of you to have left your clothes outside all night.

　　—My God! _______. (1999上海)

　　A. So did I B. So I did C. So were you D. So did you

　　5.—David has made great progress recently.

　　—_____, and_____. (1997上海 )

　　A. So he has; so you have B. So he has; so have you

　　C. So has he; so have you D. So has he; so you have

　　6. —It was careless of you to have left your clothes outside all night.

　　—May God!____. (1999 上海)

　　A. So did I B. So I did C. So were you D. So did you

　　7. I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in all my life ____ so happy. (NMET 2000春 )

　　A. did I feel B. I felt C. I had felt D. had I felt

　　8. Not a single song _____ at yesterday’s party. (2000上海)

　　A. she sang B. sang she C. did she sing D. she did sing

　　答案与分析

　　1. A not until为表示否定意义的连词。根据倒装结构的规则：表示否定意义的副词或连词词组位于句首，句子运用部分倒装，又因为否定词not已经提前，因此答案为A。

　　2. 本题考查倒装及动词时态。否定副词never放在句首时，起强调作用，句子要用倒装语序(部分倒装)，即把助动词放到主语前。本句中never与once连在一起(从来没有一次)，比never单独置于句首更具有迷惑性。第一分句用的是现在完成时态，提示第二分句也要用现在完成时态，故答案为C。

　　3. B 该题通过一组对话设立语境考查副词so的用法。我们如果掌握David has made great progress recently.这一信息句的意思，不难看出答案。即：他确实取得了很大的进步，你也取得了进步。表示前面的情况适合第二人，用部分倒装；表示“确实如此”，句子不用倒装。故最佳答案是B。

　　4. B A说B粗心，B承认自己是这样的，故排除C,D项。然后该题考查我们对So did I与So I did的辨别。So did I表示“别人做某事，我也做了。”而So I did表示“我确实这么做了。”故最佳答案是B。

　　5. B该题通过一组对话设立语境考查副词so的用法。考生如能掌握David has made great progress recently这个信息句的意思，不难看出答案了。即他确实取得了很大的进步，你也取得了进步。注意：在表示前者的情形也适用于后者，则需要用倒装语序。

　　说明 so+正装语序则表示对上文所说的表示肯定，意为“确实这样”。I do／did so，则表示按照别人的命令、要求、建议去做了某事。例如：The doctor asked Tom to open his mouth. And Tom did so.

　　6. B A说B粗心，B且承认自己是这样，故排除C、D项。然后该题考查考生对So did I与So I did的辨析。So did I表示别人做某事，我也做了。而So I did则进一步肯定“我确实这么做了”。

　　7. D never、not、seldom 等否定副词开头，句子要倒装，故排除B、C，又因为前一句的谓语动词为过去式，故应选D表示在此之前的动作。

　　8. C Not否定词置于句首时，后面句子要倒装，而且是半倒装，借助于助动词来完成，因此B项、A项、D项均可排除。

　　专项训练

　　1. Never ____ of such a thing before I told him.

　　A. he have heard B. he had heard C. had he heard D. has he heard

　　2. ____ to be with some old friends!

　　A. I am how happy B. Happy I am C. How happy am I D. How happy I am

　　3. Only in this say ____ the had habit- smoking.

　　A. can you get rid of B. you can get rid of C. you’ll get away with D. can get rid of

　　4. ____she come to see his father since she went to work in Shenzhen.

　　A. Often B. Seldom does C. Seldom has D. Often has

　　5. _____ listening to light music, but she could even write some.

　　A. Not she only enjoyed B. Not only she enjoyed

　　C. Not only did she enjoy D. Not she did only enjoy

　　6. ____ that he couldn’t say a word.

　　A. Such angry was Mr Lee B. So angry was Mr Lee

　　C. Such sadness was Mr Lee D. Se sadly was Mr Lee

　　7. _____ from your sister.

　　A. Here is a letter B. Here has a letter C. A letter is here D. A litter here is

　　8. Look ! ____.

　　A. There comes the bus B. There the bus comes

　　C. The bus comes there D. There does the bus come

　　9. They thought that somewhere in the desert____ an ancient city.

　　A. being B. lay C. was there D. lay there

　　10. Love he wants and freedom____, too.

　　A. he is after B. is he after C. was there D. stood there

　　11. ____my wife with a wallet in her hands just when I was about to quarrel with a workmate about it.

　　A. There enter B. There entered C. Entered there D. There entered into

　　12. In the middle of the square ____ a stone with the picture of a hero at the top of it.

　　A. stands B. lies C. is standing D. is there

　　13. ____ his father came out of prison __ Dickens have chance to go to school.

　　A. Not before; had B. Only before; would have C. It was until; had D. Not until; did

　　14. When they hatch (孵化),____ the little white worms.

　　A. come out B. out come C. out comes D. have come out

　　15.____ to the top of the hill when it began to rain.

　　A. Hardly had I got B. I had got hardly C. Hard had I got D. Hardly I got

　　16. No sooner____ the thief stolen out of the store___ he was caught by the collar.

　　A. did; when B. had; then C. had; suddenly D. had; than

　　17. There, on the shore, _____, in which they had come to the island.

　　A. two canoes were B. two canoes are C. were two canoes D. was two canoes

　　18. Only by this means ____you____ some hope of getting out of the trouble.

　　A. might; have B. and; have C. or; have D. 不填; have

　　19. You can’t talk in the cinema when a film is on, _____.

　　A. nor you can eat B. nor you can’t eat C. nor eat you can D. nor can you eat

　　20. Your brother can swim, and _____.

　　A. so I can B. so can I C. I can so D. I so can

　　答案与分析

　　1. C 以never开头的句子的谓语部分须作部分倒装。

　　2. D 感叹句常把被强调的部分置于句首，但句子不用倒装。

　　3. A 以“only+状语”形式的短语或从句开头的句子，须部分倒装。

　　4. C 以seldom开头的句子，其谓语部分须作部分倒装；根据题干大意，主句谓语须用现在完成时，故不可误选B。

　　5. C not only…but(also)被用来连接两个并列分句时，第一个分句的谓语部分须作部分倒装。

　　6. B 以so开头的句子的谓语部分须作部分倒装。

　　7. A 以here开头的句子的谓语部分须作部分倒装。

　　8. A 以there开头的句子的谓语部分(一般现在时形式)须作完全倒装，以表示某种正在进行的动作。

　　9. B 表示方位的副词或介词短语位于句首时，句子的谓语部分须完全倒装。

　　10. B 第一分句宾语提前作部分倒装且连词为and时，第二分句亦作部分倒装。

　　11. B 解析请参看上面第9小题。

　　12. A 解析请参看上面第9小题；此处主语为表示较高的建筑物的名词，故不可误选B。

　　13. D 以Not until…开头的句子，其(主句)谓语部分须部分倒装。

　　14. B 解析请参看上面第9小题。

　　15. A 以hardly开头的句子的谓语部分须部分倒装。

　　16. D 在No sooner …than…句式中，主句谓语部分须使用过去完成时态，且部分倒装。

　　17. C 在there be结构中，动词be须倒装于主语前。

　　18. A 解析请参看前面第3小题。

　　19. D 以nor开头的句子须部分倒装。

　　20. B 以so开头的句子须部分倒装。