1. 定语从句中被修饰的词即先行词指的是东西，关系代词可用which或that，如关系代词在从句中起宾语作用。可以省略，在数上先行词与从句中的谓语保持一致。

　　①A country is a nation which／that has its own government, land and population.

　　国家就是拥有政府，陆地及人口的民族。

　　②I’ve looked the words up in the dictionary (which／that)I borrowed from my teacher.

　　我已将这些词在老师那儿借来的词典里查过了。

　　2. 定语从句中被修饰的词即先行词指的是人，关系代词可用who，whom和that。如关系代词在从句中起宾语作用，可以省略。在数上，先行词与从句中的谓语保持一致。

　　①The men who have made a lot of money do not know what to do with their money.

　　赚了好多钱的这些人不知用这些钱干什么。

　　②A famous writer (who／whom／that)the Japanese invited to give a lecture at a unversity was visiting Japan now. 被日本人邀请去一所大学作报告的著名作家正在日本访问。

　　3. 关系代词如在从句中起定语作用，无论是人还是物，都用whose来连接主从句。如：

　　①Paul lives in the boy’s dormitory，whose dormitory is on the other side of the campus.

　　Paul居住在男生宿舍，男生宿舍在校园对面。

　　②The boy whose mother didn’t know the truth had been killed in a road accident.

　　小孩已在车祸中被害，其母亲尚不知真相。

　　4. 先行词中既有人又有东西，关系代词用that。

　　These are the people and things that interest me. 这些就是使我感兴趣的人和事。

　　5. 先行词是all，everything，nothing，something, anything，everybody，nobody，anybody等不定代词，关系代词一般用that。先行词是all，everybody，nobody，anybody等不定代词，如关系代词在从句中当主语，则优先选who连接主从句。

　　①Anybody who refused to bow was thrown into prison without trial.

　　任何拒绝鞠躬的人不经审判，就被投入监狱。

　　②Something (that) we heard was of great truth.我听到的有些东西极其真实。

　　6. 先行词有序数词，最高级，或被all, some, any, the very, little, no, every, much等修饰，关系代词一般用that来连接主从句。

　　①This is the very book (that)I’m looking for. 这正是我在找的书。

　　②I’ve read all the books (that) you lent me. 已看完所有你借给我的书。

　　7. 先行词前有the only或the only来修饰，从句中的谓语在数上不同。

　　①You are one of your family who have received education.

　　你是家中受过教育的人之一。(谓语动词用复数)

　　②You are the only one of the family who has received education.

　　你是家中唯一一个受过教育的人。(谓语动词用单数)

　　8. 先行词前有the same，such修饰，关系代词用固定词组搭配的词so来连接主从句。

　　You have such a book as he has.你有这样一本与他一样的书。

　　9. 从句与主句关系不密切，主句可独立成句，可用非限制性定语从句补充主句内容，有时可用in front of，on top of，in the middle of等词组来连接主从句，在介词后只可用which或whom，不可用that。

　　This is our classroom，in front of which there is a teachers’ desk.

　　这是我们的教室，前面有一张讲台。

　　10. 先行词是地方，时间，原因等，则用关系副词where (in which)，when (on which)，why (for which)等来连接主从句。如果时间，地点分别在从句中充当宾语，则用which，that (或省略)来连接句子；如果充当主语也用which，that连接句子。

　　①This is the factory (which／that) produces TV sets. 这是个生产电视机的工厂。

　　②I’ll never forget the day when (on which) we once stayed together.

　　我从不忘记我们曾一起度过的那一天。

　　11.关系代词前缺少先行词，需用the one来充当先行词。

　　Is the museum the one (that) you visited? 这是你参观过的那个博物馆吗？

　　12. 先行词如是特殊疑问词，关系代词用that来连接主从句。

　　Who that you are talking to is the young fellow? 和你谈话的那个年轻人是谁？

　　直击高考

　　1. We are living in an age ____ many things are done on computer. (2003北京)

　　A. which B. that C. whose D. when

　　2. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ____, of course, made the others unhappy. (NMET 2000)

　　A. who B. which C. this D. what

　　3. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, ____ was very reasonable. (2000上海)

　　A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose

　　4. John said he’d been working in the office for an hour, ____ was ture. (2001 春)

　　A. he B. this C. which D. who

　　5. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person____ she could turn for help. (MET’92)

　　A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom

　　6. The weather turned out to be very good, _____was more than we could expect. (ME’T94)

　　A. what B. which C. that D. it

　　7. Carol said the work would be done by October, ____ personally I doubt very much. (NMET’99)

　　A. it B. that C. when D. which

　　8. Luckily, we’d brought a road map without ______ we would have lost our way. (2004北京春)

　　A. itB. that C. thisD. which

　　答案与分析

　　1. D 本题考查定语从句。先行词是时间名词age，且引导词在从句中作状语，故最佳答案是D。

　　2. B 此题考查非限定性定语从句中关系代词的用法，只有which能够引起非限定性定语从句，指代前面的整个句子。

　　3. B 这是考查非限定性定语从句的用法，the price of which=whose price，是指代前面的Chinese vase的一种所有格的变形。

　　4. C 此题在考查非限定性定语从句中关系代词Which作主语，指代前面的整个句子。

　　5. D该题考查考生对定语从句中介词+关系代词的用法的掌握。此外考生要掌握turn to sb.for help这一短语。高中英语教材第三册(论读书)就有turn to这一短语的使用，例如：Then the need to turn to a dictionary or a reference book, perhaps…。

　　6. B该题考试目标为定语从句关系代词的使用。which引导非限定性定语从句，指代The weather turned out to be very good的内容。

　　7. D 本题考查关系代词的用法，其中也涉及到人称代词(it)，指示代词(that)和关系副词(when)。本为为非限制性定语从句，关系代词指代前文的事情，故选D。

　　8. D without which在这里表达without a raod map的答案，without属于介词提到定语从句引导词的前面，因此用which作它的宾语。

　　专项训练

　　1. After living in Beijing for fifty years she returned to the village___ she grew up.

　　A. which B. where C. that D. when

　　2. In the new city there wasn’t a single person____ the poor boy could turn for help.

　　A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom

　　3. She heard a scream，____ brought her heart into her mouth.

　　A. it B. which C. this D. that

　　4. The boss paid us $10 for washing ten cars，most of___ hadn’t been cleaned for at least half a year.

　　A. these B. them C. that D. which

　　5. Mary was always singing high praise of her role in the office, ___ of course, made the others unhappy.

　　A. who B. which C. this D. what

　　6. We visited a factory____ makes bikes for children.

　　A. where B. which C. in which D. at which

　　7. ___ is known to everybody，right travels faster than sound.

　　A. It B. As C. Which D. What

　　8. Last night they went to Tom’s party,____ they enjoyed very much.

　　A. when B. that C. which D. where

　　9. Alice received an invitation from her boss, and ____ came as a surprise.

　　A. what B. that C. which D. he

　　10. The weather turned out to be very good；___ was more than we could expect.

　　A. what B. which C. that D. this

　　11. His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone____ family was poor.

　　A. of whom the B. whom C . of whose D. the

　　12. A child ___parents are dead is called an orphan.

　　A. who B. his C .whose D. of whom

　　13. The house ___ was blown off is being repaired.

　　A. whose roof B. the roof of that C. of which rood D. roof of which

　　14. It’s the third time ____ late this week.

　　A. that you are B. you are C. when you arrived D. when you have been

　　15. Did all the members ___present agreed to the plan?

　　A. who B. that C. were D. /

　　16. Keep away from such persons___ will do you no good

　　A. as B. that C . like D. who

　　17. Who___ has common sense can’t believe such a thing?

　　A. else B. which C. but D. that

　　18. Who is the man___ is reading in the garden?

　　A. who B. that C. whom D./

　　19. That is the town ____ he worked in 1987.

　　A. where B. which C. that D. in that

　　20. She doesn’t understand the reason ___ he would like to join them.

　　A. for that B. why C. how D. which

　　答案与分析

　　1. B where引导先行词表示地点的定语从句，并在从句中作状语。

　　2. D turn to sb. for help为固定句式，意思是“求助于”。

　　3. B which可引导非限制性定语从句，that则不能。

　　4. D which可引导非限制性定语从句；若most前加and，若改逗号为分号，则须选B。

　　5. B which引导非限制定语从句，指整个主句所述内容。

　　6. B which在定语从句中作主语。

　　7. B as引导的非限制性定语从句可位于句首，而which却不能。

　　8. C which引导非限制性定语从句，并在定语从句中作主语。

　　9. B 因为有and，所以用that 表示前句内容；若去掉 and，则应选C。

　　10. C 分号的存在表明了两句的并列关系。若改分号为逗号，则应选B。

　　11. A of whom the family=the family of whom= whose family.

　　12. C of whom the parents= the parents of whom= whose parents。

　　13. A of which the roof=the roof which=whose roof。

　　14. D“It is the +序数词+time+ that从句”为固定句型，从句谓语动词须用现在完成时。

　　15. D present常作后置定语，意为“在场的，出席的”。

　　16. A such…as为固定结构；as在此处引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语。

　　17. D 当主句是以who或which引导的特殊疑问句时，定语从句须由关系代词that引导。

　　18. B 同上。

　　19. A where=in which,在定语从句中作地点状语，用来修饰表示地点的先行词。

　　20. B 先行词是reason时，定语从句可由why, for which或that引导(也可省略)。