第七节 连词 |
http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/12/17 15:37 新浪教育 |
考点透视 一、并列连词 1.表示“添加”的有and(和),both ... and ...(……和……),not only ... but also ...(不仅……而且……)等 1)在否定句中列举并列成分不用and,而要用or。 He can’t read or write.他不会读书和写字。 There’s no air or water there.那里没有空气和水。 有时也可以用and no来表示。 There’s no air and no water there. 2)在“祈使句,+and +简单句(一般将来时)”结构中祈使句表示条件,相当于if引导的条件句,整个句子可以改为含if的复合句。 Now stop blowing and you’ll find the glass clear again. = If you stop blowing, you’ll find the glass clear again. 3)not only ... but also ... 并列两个名词或代词,可以作主语、宾语、谓语、表语等。 She can speak not only English but also French. 她不但会说英语也会说法语。 The pianist not only gave them a lot of advice but also played some wonderful pieces for them. 那位钢琴家不仅给他们一些指导而且还亲自为他们弹奏一些精彩的曲子。 She is not only our teacher but also our friend. 她不仅是我们的老师也是我们的朋友。 如果not only ... but also ...并列两个主语时,谓语动词要与一个主语在数上保持一致。 Not only you but also he is a good boy. Not only he but also you are a good boy. 2.表示“选择”关系的连词有or(或者;否则),neither ... nor ...(既不……也不……),either ... or ...(或者……或者……)等 Let’s move that bag, or there may be an accident .咱们把那个袋子搬过去,否则会发生交通事故的。 It is either too cold or too hot here. 这里不是太冷就是太热。 The ground must be just right—neither too wet nor too dry. 土壤必须正合适——既不太湿也不太干。 [特别提醒] either...or...表示在两者之间进行选择; 而neither ... nor ... 表示对两者的否定,句中不可再用否定词not或no, 其对应结构是both ... and ...。当either ... or ... 或neither ... nor ...并列两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词在人称和数上与最靠近的那个主语保持一致。试比较: Either you or Ann is going to the city. Either Ann or you are going to the city. Neither he nor I have seen the film. Neither I nor he has seen the film. 3.表示“转折”或“对比”关系的并列连词有but(但是),yet(而;然而)。yet比but语气强,兼有“转折”和“让步”意义。 I like writing to my pen friend, but it takes a lot of time. 我喜欢给笔友写信,但是花时间太多。 You can draw a good horse in five minutes, yet you kept me waiting for a year. Why? 你能在五分钟内画一匹好看的马,然而你却让我等了一年。为什么? 4.表示“因果”关系的并列连词有for(因为,由于),补充说明理由,不用于句首;so(因此),表示结果。 The shop was quite new, for it had opened only the week before. 这家商店很新,因为它是上个星期才开业的。 Mr Black was ill, so she was taking his class instead. 布莱克先生病了,因此她替他上课。 二、从属连词 1. when, while, before, after, as soon as, until, since等,引导时间状语从句。 When the teacher came in, Jim was drawing a horse on the blackboard. 老师进来的时候,吉姆正在黑板上画一匹马。 While they were sweeping the floor, the bell rang. 他们正在扫地的时候铃响了。 2. because, as, since等引导原因状语从句。 I must stop writing now, as I have rather a lot of work to do. 我现在必须停笔了,因为我有很多工作要做。 Since a lot of people make mistakes in life, Mr Smith wanted to give John a chance. 既然许多人一生中都会犯错误,史密斯先生要给约翰一次改过的机会。 3. if, as long as等引导条件状语从句。 Some people say that they don’t mind if they only have one child--as long as it’s a boy. 有人说假如他们只生一个孩子,只要是个男孩,他们就不介意。 As long as you understand, we shall say no more about it. 只要你明白,我们就不再说这件事了。 4. though, although, in spite of引导让步状语从句。 Though I like speaking English, I don’t like writing it much. 虽然我喜欢说英语,但我不太喜欢写英语。 Though he has faults, yet I like him. 虽然他有缺点,但我却喜欢他。 [特别提醒] 在英语里,although / though与but不能同用在一个句子里,只能用其中的一个,但yet可以与though/although同用在一个句子里。 5. so...that.…(如此……以致……),so that等引导结果状语从句。 We were so busy talking that I forgot to pay. 我们只顾忙于说话,我就忘了付款。 6. so that(为了)引导目的状语从句。so that引导的目的状语从句中一般有can, could, may, might等情态动词。 Jack worked hard so that he might get a good job. 为了能找到一份好工作,杰克努力工作。 7. as...as...(和……一样……),that(比),as(如同,像)等引导比较(方式)状语从句。 Tom walks as fast as Mike. 汤姆和麦克走得一样快。 I know you better than she does. 我比她更了解你。 Do as I tell you. 照我说的去做。 直击中考 1. Take exercise every day, ______ you’ll become stronger and healthier. (2003河南) A. orB. andC. butD. while [点拨] 答案是B。 “祈使句+and+简单句(一般将来时态)”表示“如果……将会……”。祈使句表示“条件”。题意是“如果每天锻炼,你将会更强壮,更健康”。 2. Lucy and Lily are twins. Lucy likes playing basketball, ______ Lily doesn’t. (2003重庆) A. andB. asC. butD. or [点拨] 答案是C。 but表示意义的“转折”。题意是“露茜喜欢打篮球,但是莉莉不喜欢”。and表示意义上的联合;or表示“选择”关系。 3. You must work hard, ______ you’ll fall behind. (2003黑龙江) A. and B. but C. so D. or [点拨] 答案是D。 此题考查并列连词and, but, so, or等的用法。and(和、又)表示并列关系;but(但是)表示转折关系;so(于是,因此)表示因果关系;or(否则,或者)表示选择关系。“祈使句+and / or+简单句(一般将来时)” 是常用句型,其中祈使句表示条件。题意是“如果你不努力学习,你将会落后的” 4. The dress was very expensive, ______ I didn’t buy it. (2003山西) A. orB. andC. soD. but [点拨] 答案是C。 so表示因果关系。题意是“这件衣服太贵了,所以我没有买”。表示因果关系的并列连词还有for, therefore等。or (否则);and(而,和);but(但是)均与题意不符。 5. The scientist knows two languages. He can speak ______ English ______ French. (昆明2003) A. either; or B. neither; norC. both; and D. so; that [点拨] 答案是C。 either...or(或者……或者),表示二者必居其一;neither...nor(既不……也不),指两者都不;both...and(两者都);so...that(如此……以致),引导结果状语从句。由上文The scientist knows two languages.(那位科学家懂两种语言),可知后一句的意思是“她会说英语和法语”。 6. —Will the foreigners have any problems talking with Chinese in 2008? (2003黄冈) —I don’t think so. Now______ the young______ the old can speak some English. A. either; or B. not only; but also C. neither; nor D. both; or [点拨] 答案是B。 此题旨在考查一组并列连词的用法。either...or...(或者……或者……;要么……要么……),表示选择关系;not only...but also...(不但……而且……),表示“递进”关系;neither...nor...(既不……也不……),表示两者都不;both(两者都),不与or搭配。做此类题,先辨清楚每对词的含义,然后根据语境做出正确的选择。题意是“2008年外国人和中国人交谈会有困难吗?”“我想不会的。现在,年轻人和老年人都会说些英语”。 7. Lucy knew nothing about it ______ her sister told her. (2003河南). A. because B. untilC. ifD. since [点拨] 答案是B。 此题旨在考查从属连词because, until, if和since 引导状语从句的用法。because(因为)引导原因状语从句;until“到……为止”,not...until (主句是否定句)“直到……才” ,“不到……不”,相当于before。if(如果)引导条件状语从句;since(自从……以来),表示主句动作自从句动作开始一直延续到现在,主句常用完成时态。 8. She bought a digital camera online ______ she saved a lot of time. (2003江苏扬州) A. so thatB. as soon asC. no matterD. such that [点拨] 答案是A。 解答此题先从两个句子的关系入手。前一句说“她在网上购买了一个数码像机”。后一句说“她节约了许多时间”。再看四个选项的意思。so that(为了;以便),表示目的;as soon as(一……就……),表示时间;no matter(无论如何),表示让步;such that(如此;结果),表示结果。不难看出,只有so that符合句意。“为了节约时间,她在网上买了一个数码像机”。 9. —Is David at school today? (2003兰州) —No, he is at home ______ he has a bad cold. A. because B. if C. though D. until [点拨] 答案是A。 此题旨在考查从属连词引导状语从句的用法。状语从句分时间、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步等。如何选用适当的从属连句,首先要正确理解主句和从句的句义,弄清楚主句和从句的逻辑关系,然后将各选项的连词逐一对号入座。如本题的主句意思是“他在家里”,从句意思是“她患了重感冒”。分析从句和主句的逻辑关系可知,从句和主句是因果关系。再看四个选项的连词,because (因为)表示因果关系; if(如果)表示假设,引导条件状语从句;though(虽然;尽管),引导让步状语从句;until(直到……止),引导时间状语从句。故选A。 10. He walked ________ fast for us ________ catch up with. (2003天津) A. so; thatB. such; thatC. enough; toD. too; to [点拨] 答案是B。 so/such.…that(如此……一致),表示结果;enough to(足够做……);too...to(太……不能……);表示结果;题意是“他走得太快了,我们不能赶上他”。只有too...to…符合句意。 11. —This dress was last year’s style. (2003杭州) —I think it still looks perfect ______ it has gone out this year. A. so thatB. even though C. as ifD. ever since [点拨] 答案是B。 此题考查even though(即使;即便)引导让步状语从句的用法。so that(为了);as if(好像);ever since(自从)均与句意不符。另,even though与even if同义。 12. Yesterday I was just to go out ______ someone telephoned me. (2003江苏徐州) A. when B. while C. as D. that [点拨] 答案是A。 when和while均可引导时间状语从句。此处when不作(当……时候)解,而是“这时,就在这时”的意思,相当于at that time。题意是“昨天我刚要出去,这时电话铃响了”。while引导时间状语从句,谓语动词须用延续性动词。as也可引导时间状语从句,意为“当……时候”,表示主句动作和从句动作同时发生。常译作“一边……一边……”。 13. You will be late ______ you hurry up. (2003安徽) A. afterB. whenC. unlessD. if [点拨] 答案是C。 after(在……后)引导时间状语从句,表示从句的动作在主句的动作之后发生;when(当……时候)引导时间状语从句,表示主句动作和从句动作同时发生;unless(如果不;除非),相当于if not,引导条件状语从句;if(如果)引导条件状语从句。题意是“如果你不赶快,你将会迟到的”。 14. —I’m going to the supermarket. (2003江西) —Will you get me some chocolates ______ you are there, mum? A. since B. because C. if D. while [点拨] 答案是D。while(当……时候)引导时间状语从句。题意是“我要去超市买东西”。“妈妈,你在超市时给我买些巧克力,好吗?”since(自从……以来);because(因为);if(如果)均与题意不符。 15. — What are you going to do in the future? (2003江苏扬州) — I’d like to be a doctor _____ you are. A. soB. asC. whatD. when [点拨] 答案是B。 as(像……一样)引导方式状语从句。题意是“我要像你一样当一名医生”。when(当……时候)引导时间状语从句;like(像……一样),作介词用,后跟名词,不跟从句;because(因为)引导原因状语从句。 专项训练 1. —Can you play football? —Yes , I can, ______ I can’t play it very well. A. or B. and C. so D. but 2. The foreign woman can’t speak French ______ Japanese A. and B. nor C. neither D. or 3. He didn’t do his homework ______ his father came back. A. while B. as soon as C. if D. until 4. How did you try to get to school on time ______ you missed the school bus? A. when B. if C. once D. that 5. The war was over about three months ago, ______ the American soldiers in Iraq are still having a lot of trouble to deal with. A. orB. andC. butD. so 6. ______ Lily ______ Lucy may go with you because one of them must stay at home. A. Not only; but alsoB. Neither, norC. Both; andD. Either; or 7. The book was so interesting that he read it for three hours ______ he realized it. A. whenB. untilC. afterD. before 8. Little Kate went to school ______ it rained heavily yesterday. A. thoughB. ifC. butD. since 9. Mr Brown knows little Japanese, ______ he can’t understand the instructions on the bottle of the pills. A. soB. orC. butD. for 10. The plan is all right. ______, it can be made better. A. Then B. However C. And D. Or 11. He’s good at volleyball ______ he isn’t tall enough. A. because B. after C. though D. since 12. Hurry up, ______ you will miss the train. It’s leaving in ten minutes. A. andB. so C. howeverD. or 13. Tom failed in the exam again ______ he wanted to pass it very much. A. ifB. soC. thoughD. as 14. The poor man ate a big breakfast ______ he said he wasn’t hungry. A. sinceB. becauseC. thoughD. for 15. She used not to like playing yo-yo, ______ now she’s very fond of it. A. but B. and C. or D. so 16. Get up early tomorrow, ______ you can’t get there before seven. A. soB. butC. andD. or 17. My uncle doesn’t have much money, ______ he always enjoys himself. A. but B. so C. and D. or 18. ______ all the passengers are here, why don’t we start at once? A. As soon asB. AfterC. Now thatD. When 19. Please have a wash __________ you go to bed. A. afterB. beforeC. whileD. as soon as 20. You’ll be late ______ you don’t get up early tomorrow morning. A. ifB. whenC. beforeD. until 21. He hurt her ______ badly ______ she had to see a doctor. A. too; thatB. so; thatC. either; orD. too; to 22. We are thirsty, I would like a bottle of orange, ______ my brother would like some cool water. A. whenB. asC. whileD. since 23. —Are we going to West Hill Farm by bike? —No. By bus, ______ it is quite far from here. A. ifB. whenC. thoughD. because 24. What was Jim doing ______ the teacher came in? A. whileB. andC. whenD. but 25. Lily’s not visited many places of great interest in China ______. A. So has her twin sisterB. Neither is her twin sister C. So her twin sister hasD. Neither has her twin sister 答案与解析 1. D. but表示意义转折。“你会踢足球吗?”“会,但是踢不好。” 2. D. “那个外国妇女不会说法语和日语”。列举事物时and 用于肯定句中,or用于否定句中。可以用and no来代替or。nor(也不)常与neither搭配,构成neither...nor...(既不……也不……;两者都不)。 3. D. while(当……时候),引导时间状语从句;as soon as(一……就……)引导时间状语从句;if(如果)引导条件状语从句;not.…until.…(直到……才)。题意是“他直到父亲回家才开始作家庭作业”。 4. A. 题意是“当你没有赶上学校的汽车,你是怎样按时到达学校的”。 5. C. 由句意判断。“战争在三个多月前就已经结束,但是在伊拉克的美国士兵还有许多棘手的问题要处理”。but表示“转折”。 6. D. 此题旨在考查并列连词not only...but also; neither... nor; both....and; either...or等的用法。由because one of them must stay at home(他们中必须有一人在家)可知,Lily和Lucy只能去一人。注意,neither...nor, not only...but also..., either...or...并列两个成分作主语时,谓语动词与靠近的主语保持人称和数的一致。 7. D. when, until, after和before都引导时间状语从句。解答此题要仔细推敲整个句子的含义。句中so...that...引导结果状语从句。题意是“这本书非常有趣,他读了三个小时才了解这本书。” 8. A. though(尽管;虽然)引导让步状语从句。 9. A. so(因此;所以)表因果;or(或者;否则)表选择;but(但是)表转折;for(因为)表原因。注意关键词knows little Japanese(不懂日语)和can’t understand the instructions(不懂说明书)有直接的因果关系。如果前句是knows a little Japanese, 则应选择but(但是),表示“虽然懂一点日语,但是还是看不懂说明书” 10. B. however(然而;可是)引导让步状语从句。“这个计划是好,然而它可以制订得更好。” 11. C. “虽然他的个子不够高,但是他的排球打得非常好”。though(虽然;尽管)引导让步状语从句。 12. D. “祈使句+or+简单句(一般将来时)”表示“如果不……将会……”。此句的意思是“如果不赶快的话。你将会赶不上火车。十分钟后就开车了”。原句可改为If you don’t hurry, you will miss the train. 13. C. though(尽管;虽然)。从上下文看,failed again(又不及格)和下文wanted to pass it very much(非常想通过)的关系很明显。“虽然汤姆非常想通过这次考试,但是他又没有及格”。 14. C. though引导让步状语从句。意思是“尽管那个可怜的家伙说不饿,他早餐却吃了很多”。 15. A. 关键词used not to like(过去不喜欢),now she’s very fond of(现在非常喜欢),意义转折。 16. D. “明天早起,不然的话七点钟以前你到不了那里”。 17. A. “我叔叔钱不多,但总是非常快乐”。 18. C. now that(既然)引导原因状语从句。题意是“既然所有的乘客都到齐了,我们为什么还不立刻出发呢?” 19. D. before引导时间状语从句。题意是“请睡觉前洗洗澡”。after(在……之后);while(当……时候);as soon as(一……就……)都与题意不符。 20. C. if引导条件状语从句。根据题意判断,“如果你明天不起早的话,你会迟到的。” 21. B. so...that.…引导结果状语从句。 22. C. when, as, while, since都可以引导时间状语从句,但while还有“然而”的意思,表示“对照”关系。此题意思是“我们很渴。我想喝一瓶桔汁,而我弟弟想要一些冰水。” 23. D. because引导原因状语从句。it is quite far from here是by bus的原因。 24. C. 由题意判断,题意是“老师进来的时候,Jim在做什么?”while引导 时间状语从句时,从句谓语动词用延续性动词和进行时态。 25. D. “Neither + 助动词 + 主语”表示“……也不”。“So + 助动词 + 主语”表示“……也一样”。 |