高中教师教学参考:不定式考点透视(二) |
http://www.sina.com.cn 2005/01/07 12:56 英语辅导报 |
五、不定式作定语。不定式作定语总是放在它所修饰词后面,它与修饰词之间常有下列三种关系。 (1) 主谓关系。 不定式与被修饰的名词是该不定式的逻辑主语。如: He is always the first to come to the class. ( He is always the first who comes to the class.) 他总是第一个到达班级。 (2) 动宾关系。 不定式的被修饰语是该不定式的逻辑宾语。如果不定式为不及物动词,后面须有必要的介词。如: (1) Do you have any questions(which you ask) to ask? 你有问题要问? (2) Give me a piece of paper(on which I can write) to write on. 给我一张纸写字。 (3) 动状关系。 不定式的被修饰语是该不定式逻辑的状语。如: (1) People have already found a way( in which they can control) to control SARS. 人们已经发现了控制非典的方法。 (2) Now I have time (when / at which I can do) to do whatever I want to do. 现在我有时间做我要做的事情。 六、不定式做表语。 不定式做表语通常用来说明句中主语的内容。常跟在系动词be, appear, seem, look (似乎是)等之后。 (1) Judging by her letter, she seems to be the best person for the job. 从她的信判断,她好像是适合这项工作最好人选。 (2) His wish is to be studying English in England. 他希望在英国学习英语。 七、特殊用法 1. Why (not) + 不定式,用来表达建议或引起疑问。如: (1) Why not try again? 为什么不再试一试? (2) Why let him to there? 为什么让他去那里? 2. 动词plan, intend, hope, wish, expect, mean, want, promise, think, would like / love, should like / love等+不定式完成式,常表示过去没有实现的愿望、期待或计划。如: He intended to have come. 他原打算要来的。 3. 在had better, would rather, rather than +不定式结构中不定式不带to。如: I’d rather stay here. 我宁愿留在这儿。 4. 在介词except, but之后,如果其前有动词do, does, did形式,不定式不带to,反之则须带to。如: (1) He did nothing but sleep today. (2) He has no choice but to wait till it stops raining. 5. 不定式to的单独使用。为了不定式结构的重复出现,使语言简洁,有时可以单独使用不定式符号to,来代替不定式结构。主要用在下列动词后,如: expect, prefer, care, mean, forget, want, wish, hope, try, be glad, would like等。如: —Do you want to give a talk on the subject? 你想就那个题目给大家谈谈吗? —I prefer not to. 我想不谈为好。 6. 动词need, want, require作“需要”解,后跟动词不定式作宾语时,不定式被动式。如跟动名词作宾语时须用动名词主动式。如: This sentence needs______. A. to improve B. improve C. improved D. improving (= to be improved) 由于need在构话中的意思为“需要”故此题答案选D。 (全文完) (文/陆滨; 英语辅导报高中教师版 04~05学年度第20期;版权归英语辅导报社所有,独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育,未经许可,不得以任何形式进行转载。) |