英语辅导:回顾高考试题,点击 until 考点 |
http://www.sina.com.cn 2005/03/24 14:56 英语辅导报 |
until引导时间状语(从句)的用法在中学教材中出现频率很高,高考试题对此也有较为全面的考查。请看下面几个具有代表性的例子: ①My uncle ________ until he was forty-five. (2000 上海) A. married B. didn’t marry C. was not marrying D. would marry ②A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners’curiosity ________ he reaches the end of the story. (2003 上海) A. when B. unless C. after D. until ③It was not ________ she took off her dark glasses ________ I realized she was a famous film star. (NMET 1992) A. until; when B. when; that C. until; that D. when; then ④Not until all the fish died in the river ________ how serious the pollution was. (NMET 1995) A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realized C. the villagers did realize D. didn't the villagers realize 上面四题(答案分别为B,D,C,A)从不同的侧面考查了until的用法。下面我们一起对此进行分类总结。 一、until的普通用法(例①、②) 1. 用于否定句, 修饰非延续性动词, 表示该动作的开始时间。“not...until...”一般译为“直到……才……”。例如: He didn’t leave until the clock struck twelve. 直到12点他才离开。 2. 用于肯定句, 修饰延续性动词,表示该动作或状态的终止时间。until有“直到”之意。例如: I’ll wait until he comes back. 我会一直等到他回来。 注:使用until需特别注意的问题——until引导的时间状语(从句)前不可有表示“段时间”和“段距离”的状语。例如: 1)我等了两天,一直等到见到他。 不可说:I waited for two days until I met him. 可说:I had waited for two days before I met him. 2)我们向东走了一百公里,直到见到水和草。 不可说:We walked eastward for 100 kilometers until we saw water and grass. 可说:We had walked eastward for 100 kilometers before we saw water and grass. 二、对until引导的时间状语(从句)的强调(例③、④) 1. 强调肯定句中的until时间状语(从句), 一般套用“It is / was until... that...”句型。例如: They worked until one o’clock this morning. → It was until one o’clock this morning that they worked. 他们一直工作到今天凌晨一点。 2. 强调否定句中的until时间状语(从句), 可套用“It is/ was not until... that...”句型,也可套用“Not until...”倒装句型。例如: He didn’t finish his work until yesterday. →It was not until yesterday that he finished his work. →Not until yesterday did he finish his work. 直到昨天他才完成工作。 He didn’t go to school until he was ten. →It was not until he was ten that he went to school. →Not until he was ten did he go to school. 直到十岁他才开始上学。 三、高考盲点——until引导的时间状语从句中的省略 当从句主语与主句主语一致,且从句中含动词be的形式时,从句主语与动词be可一并省略。例如: He didn’t speak until (he was) spoken to. 直到有人跟他说话他才开口。 (文/刘树霞; 英语辅导报高二普及版 04~05学年度第23期;版权归英语辅导报社所有,独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育,未经许可,不得以任何形式进行转载。) |