Part B

　　Directions:

　　Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (

10 points)

　　The relation of language and mind has interested philosophers for many centuries. 61 ) The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.

　　Only recently did linguists begin the serious study of languages that were very different from their own. Two anthropologist-linguists, Franz Boas and Edward Sapir, were pioneers in describing many native languages of North and South America during the first half of the twentieth century.62) We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages. Other linguists in the earlier part of this century, however, who were less eager to deal with bizarre data from "exotic" language, were not always So grateful. 63 ) The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data . Native American languages are indeed different, so much so in fact that Navajo could be used by the US military as a cede during World War li to send secret messages.

　　Sapir's pupil, Benjamin Lee Whorl, continued the study of American Indian languages. 64) Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society. He reasoned that because it is easier to formulate certain concepts and not others in a given language, the speakers of that language think along one track and not along another. 65 ) Whorl came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society. Later, this idea became to be known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, but this term is somewhat inappropriate. Although both Sapir and Whorf emphasized the diversity of languages, Sapir himself never explicitly supported the notion of linguistic determinism.

　　61.【翻译点拨】翻译这句话掌握好两个关键词就可以了，“assume”和“which”。这两个词就把一句完整的意思串联起来了。翻译时首先应该解决的是句子的结构问题，结构是大问题，结构解决了，翻译至少就不会“出轨”了。“which”指代了“assume”所在的前半句的意思。

　　【答案】希腊人认为语言结构与思维过程是有关系的，这早在人们意识到语言有多么不同之前就在欧洲扎根了。

　　62.【翻译点拨】两个短语(be obliged to sb感激某人, die out消失)和一个词(assimilate同化)是关键，这个句子的结构倒不是很难。

　　【答案】我们感谢他们，因为从此以后这些语言中的一些已经消失了，因为讲这些语言一个一个死掉了或者是因为他们被同化了，因此失掉了他们的母语。

　　63.【翻译点拨】把握句子的整体结构(…so…that)是关键。strikingly different from：明显不同于，差别显著。

　　【答案】这些人们新近描述的语言明显不同于已被很好研究的欧洲语言和东南亚地区语言，所以有些学者甚至指控Boas和Sapir，认为是他们编造出来的。

　　64.【翻译点拨】developed the idea：产生这种想法；habitual thought：习惯思维。

　　【答案】由于对语言和思维之间的关系很感兴趣，Whorf产生了这种看法：语言的结构决定了社会的习惯思维的结构。

　　65.【翻译点拨】a sort of linguistic determinism：语言决定一切的观点；far-reaching：影响深远的。

　　【答案】Whorf变得逐渐相信一个语言决定一切的观点，它最明显的说法是：语言限制了思维的自由，一种语言的语法模式可以对一个社会的文化产生深远的后果。

　　【评注】

　　英译汉部分的内容是要求考生先阅读一篇500词左右的短文，然后在文章中挑出五句话进行翻译。这部分的内容主要考查考生的阅读理解能力和汉语的表达能力。

　　在进行翻译部分的考试时，考生应该注意以下几点：

　　1.直译和意译相结合。

　　直译就是按照字面意思进行翻译，即“照字翻译”，而意译就是将句子的意思翻译出来，而不必遵循文字的顺序。一般好的译文是将直译与意译进行完美的结合。在直译能完全表达句子的意思，读者可以理解时，就可以采用直译；而如果采用直译时，不符合中国人的表达习惯，难以理解时，就使用意译。

　　2.翻译一定要忠实于原文，不能为了美化句子的翻译而随意篡改原文的意思。翻译要做到“信”、“达”、“雅”。其中第一条就是“信”，即忠实于原文，不能与原文的意思不相符合；“达”，就是能表达出原文的意思，让读者能理解；“雅”，是翻译的最高境界，就是使“句子”在符合原文的基础上，“漂亮而生动”。“雅”是建立在“信”和“达”的基础之上的“雅”，离开了前两个标准，单独追求“雅”，是舍本逐末，是得不偿失的。

　　3.对于句子的翻译，我们要注意以下翻译技巧：

　　切割法：对于复杂的复合句，我们要将它切割成几个简单的句子进行翻译，然后将这几个简单的句子进行有机的联结。

　　顺译法：按照句子的字面内容的顺序进行翻译。

　　逆译法：当顺译法不符合语言习惯时，采用逆译法，逆着句子的先后内容次序进行翻译。

　　对于词语的翻译，我们要注意以下翻译技巧：

　　词类转换法：有些英文单词必须转换词类后才符合汉语的习惯，这是由于英汉语言之间的差异造成的。

　　词语加减法：在翻译的过程中，有时为了表达意思上的需要，对原文的词语可作适当的加减，这样更能符合语言表达的需要，符合汉语习惯。

　　全文参考译文：

　　许多世纪以来，哲学家们都对语言同心灵的关系很感兴趣。61)希腊人认为语言结构与思维过程是有关系的，这早在人们意识到语言有多么不同之前就在欧洲扎根了。

　　只是在最近，语言学家才开始对那些非常不同于本国语言的语言进行严肃认真地研究。在20世纪前半50年期间，两个人类学-语言学家，弗朗茨 博厄斯和爱德华 塞帕尔，成为描述北美和南美许多本土语言的先驱。62)我们感谢他们，因为从此以后这些语言中的一些已经消失了，因为讲这些语言一个一个死掉了或者是因为他们被同化了，因此失掉了他们的母语。但是，在本世纪的早期，其他语言学家并不热衷于从外来语言中处理奇异的数据资料，所以他们并不总是起作用。63)这些人们新近描述的语言惊人不同于已被很好研究的欧洲语言和东南亚地区语言，所以有些学者甚至指控Boas和Sapir，认为是他们编造出来的。

　　美国的许多本土语言是真正不同的，事实上，在

　　塞帕尔的学生，Whorf继续着美国印第安语言的研究。64)由于对语言和思维之间的关系很感兴趣，Whorf产生了这种看法：语言的结构决定了社会的习惯思维的结构。他推理说，因为对于一个给定语言，很容易构思出某特定观念而不是其他观念，讲那种语言的人会遵循一条路线而不会沿其他路线行事。65)Whorf变得逐渐相信一个语言决定一切的观点，它最明显的说法是：语言限制了思维的自由，一种语言的语法模式可以对一个社会的文化产生深远的后果。后来，这种观点开始作为塞帕尔-Whorf假说而被人们所知晓，但这种表达有点不太恰当。虽然塞帕尔和沃夫都强调了语言的多样性，但塞帕尔本人从没有明确地支持过语言决定论的观念。

　　Secfion Ⅳ Writing

　　【写作点拨】从2004年考研英语的写作题目“终点又是起点”，我们可以看出命题专家紧扣时代脉搏的命题趋势。写作也在“与时俱进”。历览考研的写作试题，我们不难发现，所有的题目，所给的题材都是我们每一个人所熟悉的，是我们生活中的焦点、值得关注的问题，也是当代大学生应该认真思考的问题。考研英语写作面向的是不同专业的考生，属于公共课的范畴，所以一般不会有很专业化的内容和考生认识上的盲点。这也显示了考题的公正性和客观性之所在。鉴于此，考生应该把握作文命题的方向，针对热点话题(诚信、网络、经济发展、奥运、神州5号、WTO等)和一些常规性的话题(如生态环保、人口与保护动物、健康、文化、爱和代沟等)多加练习。通过对历年试题的精研，摸索出一些内在的规律，把握考试的脉搏，进行有针对性的强化训练是夺得考试高分的不二法则。

　　【参考范文】

　　As is depicted in the drawing，a runner is running on the track and is now approaching the finishing line.He is perspiring all over，but he has to continue his new journey in no time istead of stopping to takes a breath. The runner has worked out the puzzle of “stopping or going on”,which might have confused many people.

　　It is known to all that doing everything has a starting point as well as an end.When you have fulfilled your assignment，you have come to an end，in other words，yon have come to the finishing line of a race.But you can’t just stop there with satisfaction.You should go on with another race，for other tasks are waiting for you.

　　It is generally accepted that people have to adjust themselves to constant change of the kind. Take the famous scientist Thomas Edison for example,he had done well in his early life ,but he continued to pursue something more difficult all through his life. Under no circumstances did he ignore the creation of his cause. If one is obsessed with the success he has achieved,he would loss the opportunity to pursue new success.

　　In conclusion,one’s view on his success determines his future. It is imperative to carry out a nation-wide campaign publicizing people who have a stronge desire for more and ever greater achievements when they are already well-known. Only in this way will people in our society develop a forward-looking attitude and make their worth living and make more contribution to our society.