2004年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

　　Section I Listening Comprehension

　　(已经不在大纲规定考查范围之内，略)

　　Section II Use of English

　　Directions:

　　Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. ( l0 points)

　　Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency ( crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories 21 on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior 22 they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through 23 with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in 24 to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status, 25 as a rejection of middle-class values. Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, 26 the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes 27 lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are 28 to criticism. Changes in the social structure may indirectly 29 juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that 30 to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment 31 make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in 32 lead more youths into criminal behavior. Families have also 33 changes these years. More families consist of one - parent households or two working parents; 34 , children are likely to have less supervision at home 35 was common in the traditional family 36 . This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other 37 causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased 38 of drugs and alcohol, and the growing 39 of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, 40 a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.

　　21. [A] acting [B] relying [C] centering [D] commenting

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】 [A]acting on：对...起作用, 按...行动, 作用于。[B]relying on(upon)：依靠、依赖[例] He can be relied on to keep secret.相信他能保密。[C]centering on：集中，围绕 [D]commenting on：对…进行评论[例] Everyone commented on her new hat. 大家都在评论她的新帽子；He commented on the bad road.他评论这条糟糕的路。本题应该选择C, centering on 相当于focusing on，在句中作定语修饰“theories”。

　　22. [A] before [B] unless [C] until [D] because

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】[A]. before：“在……之前”，引导时间状语从句；[B].unless：“除非”，引导条件状语从句，[例] My baby sister never cries unless she is hungry. 我刚出生的妹妹除非饿了，她是从来不哭的。[C] until是“直到……”，引导时间状语从句，[例] We can't start the job until we have the approval from the authority concerned.没有有关当局的批准我们不能开始这项工作。[D] because ：conj/adv.因为，在本题中为正确答案，引导原因状语从句，解释前面“engage”的原因。

　　23. [A] interaction [B] assimilation [C] cooperation [D] consultation

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】[A] interaction：相互作用，相互影响。affective interaction情感作用(或影响)

　　atmospheric interaction大气相互作用 [B] assimilation：吸收；同化。The act or process of assimilating.同化吸收的行为或过程[C]cooperation：合作[例] Your cooperation means much / a great deal to us.你们的协作对我们帮助极大/有很大的意义。[D]consultation：请教，咨询[例] The doctors held a consultation to decide whether an operation was necessary.医生们会诊以决定是否需要动手术。本句中是讲的青少年之间的相互影响作用，所以应该选择A。

　　24.[A] return [B] reply [C] reference [D] response

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】[A]return：归还，in return to：作为对……的报答；in return (for)作为...的报答[回礼],交换；make return for报答...；write in return，写回信；return for，报答；return to回到(某个话题、某种状态); 恢复, 重新采取[B]reply ：回答，in reply to：作为对……的回答 ；[C]. reference：参考，涉及，in reference to：关于。[D].response:反应 ，in response to：应……而…，作为……的反应。

　　25. [A] or [B] but rather [C] but [D] or else

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】[A]or：表示选择，是并列连词。[B]. but rather：而是，表示转折关系；[C].but是“但是”，表示转折；[D]or else：不然，否则。本句话的完整意思为“青少年参与犯罪活动是因为他们在以前的罪行中没有受到足够严重的惩罚，或者他们通过与其他人的交往而学会了犯罪行为。”所以应该选择并列关系的“or”。

　　26. [A] considering [B] ignoring [C] highlighting [D] discarding

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】[A]. considering：vbl.考虑,顾及,认为；prep.鉴于,考虑到,顾及[例] Considering his age, the little boy reads very well.就他的年龄来说，这小孩读得算挺好的。[B].ignoring：忽略，无视[例] "Ignore the child if he misbehaves, and he'll soon stop.""小孩不乖时,别去理他,不久他就会不闹了。" [C].highlighting：n.加亮区, 精彩场面, 最显著(重要)部分；vt.加亮, 使显著, 以强光照射, 突出；[搭配] To be a highlight of.为…中最突出的事物[D].discarding：遗弃，[搭配] into the discard成为无用之物; 被遗忘；throw sth. into the discard[美]放弃某事。本句中“但这些理论忽略了这样一个事实”，据此B为正确答案。

　　27. [A] on [B] in [C] for [D] with

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】空白处前的含义是“青少年犯罪”，而后面的含义是“缺乏父母的管教，构成因果关系。所以正确答案为C。for lack：因为缺少……。其实本题的答案线索在第1段第1句中的“causes(原因)”一词，由因果联系很快就知道了C为正确答案。

　　28. [A] immune [B] resistant [C] sensitive [D] subject

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】[A]immune：免疫的，[搭配] be immune from punishment免除处罚；immune from taxation [taxes]免税[B].resistant：adj.抵抗的，有阻力的；[C]. sensitive：敏感的。[D] subject：n.题目, 主题；adj.受他国统治的, 未独立的, 受制于...的, 受...影响的, 以...为条件的；vt.使屈从于...,使隶属[搭配] subject s[B] [sth.] to使服从于..., 使某人[物]隶属于..., 使某人[物]听从于..., 使受到..., 使经历；subject to在...条件下; 常遭...; 易受...的侵袭; 受控制; 服从...的指挥。本题中，由于所有的理论都是“尝试性的(tentative)”，故所有的理论都会“遭受批评和质疑”(subject to criticism)，D为正确答案。

　　29. [A] affect [B] reduce [C]check [D] reflect

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】[A]affect：影响；[B]reduce：减少，降低；[C]. check：限制，阻止；[D].reflect：反映。本题中空白处前的“社会结构变化”与空白处后的“青少年犯罪率”也构成因果关系，所以A选项为正确答案。

　　30. [A] point [B] lead [C] come [D] amount

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】[A]. point to：暗示，指示；[B].lead to：导致，引起；[C]. come to：总计为，结果是；[D].amount to：达到，总计。本题空白处前的“经济变化”导致其后的“日益减少的就业机会”，这也是“因(causes)”和“果(effect)”的关系，B选项为正确答案。

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