第四周

　　写作部分

　　上午

　　人道是骄兵必败。就拿拿破仑和希特勒(Napoleon and Hitler)来说吧，他们所想披靡，便以为自己战无不胜，不可阻挡。但俄罗斯的冰雪战士(icy defender)证明他们错了。

　　They say that pride comes before a fall. In the case of both Napoleon and Hitler, they won many victories, which led them to believe that anything was possible and that nothing could stand in their way. But Russia’s icy defender proved them wrong.

　　干挨家挨户上门推销这一营生得脸皮厚，这是因为干这一行不仅要经受风吹日晒，还要承受一次又一次的闭门羹。

　　Making a living as a door-to-door salesman demands a thick skin, both to protect against the weather and against constantly having the door shut in your face.

　　美国是否会如同历史上其他强国一样走向衰亡？作者持否定态度，认为美国创建的社会模式不同于任何已出现的社会模式。

　　Is America going to decline like other great powers (nations) in history ? The author thinks not, arguing that the type of society created in America is quite unlike any that has gone before it.

　　常言道，好的开端是成功的一半。在求职时，求职者事先做好充分的准备是非常重要的。我认为，事先做不做充分准备显然会影响求职者的成功机会。

　　Well begun is half done, as the saying goes. It is extremely important for a job applicant to make sufficient preparations while seeking employment. From my standpoint, whether or not one has prepared adequately clearly makes a difference in (affects) his chance of success.

　　在美国，许多人拥有手枪。有人为了自卫买枪，如Gail Smith。另外一些人则拒绝这样做，比如她的许多朋友，因为他们认为，枪支引发的问题比解决的更多。以前Gail与她的朋友们持有相同的观点，但最终她改变了看法。

　　Many people in America own handguns. Some, like Gail Smith, buy a gun for self-defense. Others, like her friends, refuse to do so because they think that guns cause more problems than they solve. Gail used to share her friends’ views, but eventually changed her mind.

　　下午

　　工作提供的不只是经济方面的安全。它给人们带来自信；当人们造出了一件具有挑战性的作品并且能够说，“我造了它”时，他们会有一种满足感。心理学家们认为，工作赋予人们以身份；通过参与工作，他们得到一种自我和个体的感觉。

　　Work offers more than financial security. It provides people with self-confidence; they have a feeling of satisfaction when they have produced a challenging piece of work and are able to say, “ I made that.” Psychologists claim that work gives people an identity; through participation in work, they get a sense of self and individualism.

　　很显然，真正的友谊必然是真诚的、无条件的，它应该建立在相互理解，而不是相互利用上。同样，真正的友谊总能给我们带来一种安全、温暖的感觉，能激励我们前进，而虚假的友谊会在我们成功时利用我们，而当我们陷于困境时抛弃我们。

　　It is clear that true friendship must be sincere and unconditional. It should be based on mutual understanding, not on mutual benefit. Also, true friendship can always give us a feeling of security, and warmth, and encourage us to make progress while false friendship will take advantage of us when we are crowned with success, or desert us when we are in deep waters.

　　中国家庭生活中的变化反映了我们国家的经济发展。如果没有整个国家的繁荣，我们的家庭生活很可能与以前一样。大家都会赞同我的看法，时代变了，是变得更好了。

　　The changes in Chinese family life mirror the economic development of our country. Without the prosperity of the whole country, our family life would probably be just the same as before. Times have changed, and changed, most would surely agree with me, for the better.

　　我写信是想告诉您，我是多么感激您在我的儿子Robert上周四扭伤脚腕时帮助他。在这样一个痛苦时刻有人给予他安慰和照顾，这对他很有意义。

　　I am writing to let you know how much I appreciate your helping my son Robert last Thursday when he sprained his ankle. It meant a great deal to him to have someone extend comfort and care at such a distressing time.

　　我为我昨晚在晚宴上的行为可能造成的误会感到深深的歉意。我有点失态了，不该破坏这么美好的一个夜晚。我希望你能原谅我，你的友谊对我而言很重要。

　　I deeply regret any misunderstanding that may have been caused by the way I acted at dinner last night. I simply got carried away and had no right to disturb such a pleasant evening. I hope that you can forgive me. Your friendship means a great deal to me.

　　阅读部分

　　96

　　pass 5

　　enlighten：启迪，开导 Can you enlighten me as to the new procedure ?

　　97

　　pass1

　　sink in：渗入Rub the cream on your skin and let it sink in.；被完全理解 The scale of the tragedy gradually sank in.

　　leave：使/让(某人某事)处于某种状态

　　Leave the door open, please.

　　Don’t leave her waiting outside in the rain.

　　bitter：显示妒忌、憎恨、怨恨、失望的bitter quarrels/words / ~ly 强烈地He is bitterly opposed to nuclear weapons.

　　haunt：(鬼魂)出没于 a haunted house； 经常浮现于脑际 The memory still haunts me.

　　Pass2

　　ill-mannered：ill-advised不明智；ill-bred没有教养；ill-timed不合时宜；ill-use/treat虐待

　　on the part of/on one’s part：由某人做出的 It was an error on my part. / The agreement has been kept on my part but not on his.

　　Pass3

　　abuse：n/v. 滥用；虐待

　　1. drug abuse / abuse of power /child abuse/ abuse of prisoners

　　2. Don not abuse the confidence they have placed in you. After the deputy was promoted to the top position, she abused her power.

　　Pass4

　　latitude：纬度；(思想行动)自由They allow their children too much latitude, in my view.

　　pass5

　　poll：选举投票 be successful at the poll / The result of the poll has now been declared.

　　民意测验 a public opinion poll / the Gallup poll / We are conducting a poll among school leavers. 也V.

　　98

　　pass1

　　stop short of：不愿逾越 He can be ruthless in getting what he wants, but I believe he would stop short of blackmail.

　　complex：1. 相联或相似的事物综合体 a big industrial complex/a sports & leisure complex 2. 情结 Oedipus complex / an inferiority complex自卑情结

　　pass2

　　assume：认为(见段1句2)；假定，假设 Another line of thought assumes a memory storage system of limited capacity that provides adaptive flexibility specifically through forgetting.

　　preside：主持The prime minister presides at the meetings of the Cabinet. 掌管领导(~ over见段1句3)

　　lump：块，团，堆 a lump of clay； lump…together把…归并在一起 Can we lump all these items together as “incidental expenses(杂费)”?

　　speculative：思索的speculative philosophy(思辨哲学)；投机的speculative buying of houses(投机性买房)；推测的(本文段4)

　　fashion：时尚；方式(见末段)；(vt.)做成，制造fashion a lump of clay into a bowl

　　dismiss…(as)：对…不予理会；不屑一顾She was dismissed as a dreamer.

　　Pass 3

　　trial：尝试(94Pass5：Inventions and innovations almost always come out of laborious trial and error)；审讯(本文)

　　enlighten：启发，启蒙，开导Can you enlighten me as to the new procedure?

　　enlightened：开明的，有知识的，启发性的enlightened attitudes/an enlightened approach to teaching

　　enlightenment：The teacher’s attempts at enlightenment failed;I remained as confused as before.

　　Utopia：想象中的完美社会，乌托邦

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