第五周

　　写作部分

　　上午

　　然而，人们往往认为，竞争与合作是相互矛盾的。有人强调竞争，在他们看来，没有竞争就没有责任感、没有动力，最终就没有进步。还有人无论干什么都主张合作，他们认为人与人之间的相互依赖在增加，没有依赖，我们所生活的社会就不能稳步地前进。

　　It is often believed, however, that competition and cooperation are in opposition to each other. Some people stress competition, without which, in their eyes, there is no responsibility, no drive, and ultimately, no progress. Others advocate cooperation whatever they do. They are of the opinion that the dependence of people on one another has increased, without which the society we live in cannot keep going smoothly.

　　首先，随着人口的飞速增长，房屋的不足变得比以前都更加明显。。。。由于社会在进步，城市居民渴望宽敞的生活空间，他们期盼着能维护自身尊严的体面的居住空间。所有这些因素都导致住房问题的紧张。

　　In the first place, with the rapid increase in population, the lack of housing is becoming more evident than ever before. Because the society is advancing, city dwellers long for spacious living. They look forward to decent dwelling places which can protect human dignity. All these factors result in the stress of housing problem.

　　科学和技术在社会主义的建设中也发挥着重要的作用。可以说，社会主义建设好比一幢高楼，而科学技术就是其基础。没有这个基础，大楼就起不来。所以，我们应该尽力为科技的发展作出贡献，这样才能有一个扎实的基础去建设我们的国家。

　　Science and technology also play an important role in our socialist construction. We may say that our socialist construction is just like a skyscraper, while science and technology are its base. Without the base, the skyscraper can’t be built up. Therefore, we should try our best to contribute to the development of science and technology so as to provide a more solid base to build our country.

　　他坚信奴隶制终将被废除，所有奴隶终将获得解放，种族歧视消失的那天一定会到来。

　　He held to the conviction that slavery would be abolished, all the slaves would be liberated, and the day was bound to come when racial discrimination no longer existed.

　　He was confident that

　　He was convinced that

　　下午

　　代沟是当今世界最具有争议的问题之一，吸引了社会学者和普通公众的广泛注意。一方面，老一代人无法认同孩子们的言行，而另一方面，年轻人则抱怨父母落后于时代。

　　Generation gap, one of the most controversial issues throughout the world, has attracted a lot of attention from both the social scientists and the general public. On the one hand, the older generation can’t agree with what their children say and do. On the other hand, the young people always complain that their parents are behind the times.

　　最后，体育和比赛也有助于训练性格。它们不仅要求身体的技能和力量，还需要勇气、激情、纪律，通常还要团队精神。对孩子而言，球场上所学到的东西会对他们的性格产生深刻的影响。所以，人们应该定期参加体育活动。

　　Finally, sports and games are also very useful in character training. They demand not only physical skill and strength but also courage, enthusiasm, discipline and usually teamwork. For boys and girls, what is learned on the playground often has a deep effect on their character. As a consequence, people should take part in physical activities regularly.

　　电视把一个精彩纷呈的世界带到了我们的面前。首先，电视让我们了解世界上正在发生着的一切，比如，它能给我们提供有关科技最新发展的最新信息。而且，电视给我们带来了各种各样的娱乐，例如，家里有一台电视，我们就能游览不同国家的许许多多的旅游景点。难怪许多人空闲时尤其愿意选择看电视了。

　　Television presents a vivid world in front of us. To begin with, TV can keep us informed of what is happening throughout the world. For example, it can provide us with the up-to-date information about the recent developments in science and technology. In addition, TV brings us various forms of entertainment. For instance, with a TV set at home, we may watch sports competitions, concerts, etc. and we may even visit a great many tourist attractions in different countries. No wonder a lot of people choose, above all, to watch TV in their spare time.

　　许多人，特别是刚毕业的大学生，都梦想着有自己的事业。虽说这些事业令人激动，富于回报，但刚入门的企业家还是应该在投身商海之前进行全面的调查和筹划。

　　Many people, particularly recent college graduates, dream of owning their businesses. Although such ventures are often exciting and profitable, the new entrepreneur should thoroughly investigate and plan the situation before plunging in.

　　阅读部分

　　Pass 4

　　standstill：停顿，中止Work is grinding to a standstill. / Traffic in the city is at a complete standstill.

　　the Depression years 大萧条年代

　　crops ：庄稼；(同时出现或产生的)一群(人)/一批(事物)this year’s crop of students / The program brought quite a crop of complaints from viewers.

　　baby boom：婴儿生育高峰期(

　　dramatize：戏剧化，夸张The affair was dramatized by the press. ；戏剧性地表现(参文例)

　　Pass.5

　　milestones signposts landmarks

　　stationary：静止的，固定的 -stationery文具：a stationery cupboard

　　anchor：抛锚(固定)We anchored close to the shore. (引申)见本文

　　a frame of reference：(作为个人的判断、行为的依据的)原则、标准、观点sociological studies conducted within a Marxist frame of reference.

　　99

　　Pass 1

　　carry weight：有分量，有影响 Her opinion carries weight with the chairman.

　　lawsuit- claim- case- file a lawsuit against-be charged with-be accused of-take someone to court- judge-jury –defendant-plaintiff-trial-rule-

　　verdict -sentence -legal community(法律界)-legal liability(法律责任)

　　has its way：为所欲为(见本文)

　　Pass 2

　　tap：从…中放出液体tap a cask of beer；开采开发vast mineral wealth waiting to be tapped

　　subscribers：用户(电视、网络)-subscribe to (订购，订阅Which journal do you subscribe to ? ；赞同 Do you subscribe to her pessimistic view of the state of the economy?)

　　customize：(modify to suit a particular individual or task)定制改制It can be customized to the developing needs of your students.

　　silicon： Judging by the past, we can expect that a new species will arise out of man, surpassing his achievements as he did those of his predecessors. Only a carbon chemistry enthusiast would assume that the new species must be man's flesh-and-blood descendants. The new kind of intelligent life is more likely to be made of silicon.

　　plunge：猛地投入、进入、陷入plunge into cold water/The country was plunged into civil war after the death of the President.冲下，跌落Share prices plunged as a result of the gloomy economic forecast. -take the plunge(一番考虑后)采取果断措施They have finally decided to take the plunge and get married.

　　Pass 3

　　justify：证明…是合理的 Can you really justify the destruction of such a fine old building? / The decision is justified on the grounds that there is no realistic alternative. / She felt fully justified in asking for a refund.

　　equipped：配备，装备The flat is fully equipped with a cooker and fridge. (见本文段2和段3例句)

　　given：考虑到(介词)Given the government’s record on unemployment, their chances of winning the election look poor./ Given that she is interested in children, I am sure teaching is the right career for her. ；如果被提供(略)

　　Pass 4

　　a Scottish research team——an independent panel of experts

　　feverishly：心急如焚地，焦躁不安地searching feverishly for her missing jewels

　　narrowly：仔细地小心地严格地(段2)；仅仅勉强地He narrowly escaped drowning.

　　legislation：立法；法律，法规New legislation will be introduced to help single parent families.

　　-legislature；legislative/executive/judicial

　　stems from：来自于，来源于The workers’ discontent stems mainly from low pay and poor working conditions.

　　appeal to：吸引These characters will appeal directly to children’s imaginations. 上诉He has decided to appeal to the European Court./ She appealed unsuccessfully against her conviction for murder. 呼吁，要求Police have appealed to the public for information about the crime.

　　Pass 5

　　unpredictability——advisability——regularity

　　amount to：总计，共达The cost amounted to $ 250. 等于，相当于It all amounts to a lot of hard work. / What you say amounts to a direct accusation.

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