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第六周讲义

http://www.sina.com.cn 2006/06/14 17:16  恩波教育

  第六周

  写作部分

  上午

  不同的人对压力有不同的看法。有人认为压力不是人们所认为的坏事,他们认为,一定数量的压力能给人们提供动力,给人生带来目标。还有人则认为,压力导致人精神衰弱,从而危及健康。他们认为,与压力相反,放松才是健康的身心所必不可少的。

  Different people, however, think of stress differently. Some believe that stress is not the bad thing it is often supposed to be. They are of the opinion that a certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and give purpose to life. Others argue that stress contributes to one’s mental decline and hence endangers his health. According to them, relaxation, the opposite of stress, is essential for a healthy mind and body.

  至于

电子游戏,不同的人有不同的看法。有人说应该禁止游戏,他们认为玩游戏不仅危害人的身体健康,尤其对眼睛,而且会占去业余时间,消耗人的体力,使他们不能有效地完成自己的工作。

  As for playing video games, different people have different opinions. Some persons think there should be a ban on video games. They argue that playing video games not only does harm to people’s physical health, especially to their eyes, but also occupies their spare time and consumes their energy, rendering them unable to accomplish their tasks efficiently.

  约翰逊先生的儿子乔治爱在晚上听重金属音乐,响声干扰了社区其他居民的睡眠。后来,疲惫不堪的邻居们失去了耐心,决定直接干预。他们打电话给约翰逊先生,坦率地把想法告诉了他。

  George, the son of Mr. Johnson, liked listening to heavy music in the evenings, and the noise interrupted the sleep of other residents in the community. Eventually, the exhausted neighbors lost their patience and decided on direct interference. They called Mr. Johnson to tell him in a frank manner what they were thinking.

  下午

  年青人出国读书有两个好处,首先,他们能学到发达国家的先进的科学技术,回国时可以带回祖国。其次,西方高校的经济资助可以视为为中国训练专业人员的一条捷径,因为,作为一个发展中国家,中国还没有富到可以资助大批学生去国外学习。

  There are two advantages for young people to study abroad. Firstly, they can acquire advanced science and technology in developed countries, and then introduce them into China when they come back. Secondly, financial support from western institutions of higher learning can be considered as a shortcut to train Chinese professionals since China, as a developing country, is not rich enough to support a large number of students studying abroad.

  除了好处之外,出国学习也有其不利之处。由此导致的主要问题便是人才流失。必须承认,发达国家有先进的研究环境和更好的生活条件,来自发展中国家的学生抵制不住在西方国家拿更高薪水的诱惑。通常,回到祖国的学生比例总是较低,因此,国家蒙受巨大的人才流失。

  Apart form advantages, studying abroad has also its disadvantages. The major problem it has caused is the brain drain. Admittedly, there are advanced research environment and better living conditions in developed countries, and students from developing countries can not resist the temptation of earning more salary in the west. More often than not, the proportion of students returning to homeland remains less. As a result, the country suffers a great loss of talents.

  约翰逊先生感到很尴尬,便去训斥儿子:“你这是怎么了?你该懂得不能为了你自己的兴趣而妨碍别人。”结果乔治拿唱片跟同学换了电脑游戏软件。总的来说,整个事解决得很圆满。

  Embarrassed, Mr. Johnson scolded his son, “ What has come over you? You should know better than to disturb others for the sake of your own interest.” As a result, George traded his records for computer games software from his classmates. Overall, the whole thing has worked out satisfactorily.

  翻译部分

  1.翻译测试目的:

  考查考生对复杂句法和特定语境中的词汇的理解能力、相应的中文表达能力。

  2.解题方法:

  ——准确的理解

  ——灵活的表达

  Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.

  他们说,科学的发展与其说源于天才伟人的真知灼识,不如说源于改进了的技术和工具等等更为普通的东西。

  For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.

  例如,测试并不弥补明显的社会不公;因此,它们不能说明一个物质条件差的年轻人,如果在较好的环境下成长的话,会有多大才干。

  How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.

  这些预测在多大程度上为的后来的表现所证实,这取决于所采用信息的数量、可靠性和适宜性,以及解释这些信息的技能和才智。

  3.评分标准(完整、准确、通顺):

  His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.

  Q47满分译文参考:

  (1) 他的功能是一个分析家,好比一个法官,他必须接受这个责任:用尽可能明显的方式揭示导致他做出决定的这个原因的过程。

  (2) 他的功能类似于一个有责任和义务用尽可能明显的方式展现导致他做出决定的理性过程的法官。

  (3) 他的功能与法官相似,必须以尽可能明显的方式对引导他做出判断的推理过程进行揭示为己任。

  (4) 他的作用被类比为一名法官,这个法官必须以显而易见的方式尽可能接受导致他做出决定的推理过程所揭示的责任。

  (5) 知识分子的职能是具有分析能力的审判官,他必须接受这样的责任,用尽可能明显的方式揭示出他得出结论的推理过程。

  94年

  (71) 他们说,科学的发展与其说源于天才伟人的真知灼识,不如说源于改进了的技术和工具等等更为普通的东西。

  (72) 新学派的一位领袖人物坚持说: 简言之,我们所称谓的科学革命,主要是指一系列器具的改进、发明和使用,这些改进、发明和使用使科学发展的范围无所不及。

  (新学派的一位领袖人物坚持说: 简言之,我们所称谓的科学革命,主要是指改进、发明和使用一系列器具,这些改进、发明和使用使科学发展的范围无所不及。)

  (73) 工具和技术本身作为根本性创新的源泉多年来在很大程度上被科学史学家和科学思想家们忽视了。

  (多年来,作为根本性创新的源泉,工具和技术本身在很大程度上被科学史学家和科学思想家们忽视了。)

  (74) 伽利略的最光辉的业绩在于他在1609年第一个把新发明的望远镜对准天空,以证实行星是围绕太阳旋转,而不是围绕地球。

  (75) 政府究竟是以减少对技术的经费投入来增加对纯理论科学的经费投入,还是相反,这往往取决于把哪一方看作是驱动力量。

  95年

  (71) 把标准化测试作为抨击目标是错误的,因为在抨击这类测试时,批评者没有注意到其弊病来自测试使用者对测试不了解或使用不当。(问题在于。。。)

  (72) 这些预测在多大程度上为后来的表现所证实,这取决于所采用信息的数量、可靠性和适宜性,以及解释这些信息的技能和才智。

  (73) 因此,在某一特定情况下,究竟是采用测试还是其他种类的信息,或是两者兼用,须凭有关相对效度的经验依据而定,也取决于诸如费用和有无来源等因素。

  (74) 一般来说,当所要测定的特征能很精确界定时,测试最为有效;而当所要测定或预测的东西不能明确地界定时,测试的效果则最差。

  (75) 例如,测试并不弥补明显的社会不公;因此,它们不能说明一个物质条件差的年轻人,如果在较好的环境下成长的话,会有多大才干。

  Q75句法再如:

  On the dust jacket of this fine book,Stephen Jay Gould says: “This book stands for reason itself.” And so it does—and all would be well were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate.

  阅读部分

  Test 1

  Pass 1

  commitment:承诺,承担,保证I’m overworked at the moment---I’ve taken on too many commitments. 致力献身(于)We’re looking for someone with a real sense of commitment to the job.

  wind:蜿蜒曲折前进The river winds down to the sea. / She wound her way through the crowds. 缠绕wind a bandage round one’s finger

  -interwound

  -windfall风吹落的果实,意外财产(好运)“pathological gambling” involves persistent, recurring and uncontrollable pursuit less of money than of the thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall.

  -windmill风车

  Pass2

  Scrap:碎片,小块 scraps of paper, cloth, wood; 废弃材料U sell an old car for scrap / A man comes round regularly for collecting scrap.

  Keep (be) abreast of:跟上某事物 You should read the newspapers to keep abreast of current affairs.

  Pass 3

  Be liable to: 易于…(见本文);——be liable for 为…承担责任Or so the thinking has gone since the early 1980s, when juries began holding more companies liable for their customers' misfortunes.

  Pity:同情,怜悯 do something out of pity for somebody;遗憾的事 It’s a pity that you can’t come to the theater with us. / The pity is that…

  Be subject to:须服从…,受…支配 We are subject to the law of the land.;常患、常遭某事物,倾向于某事物 Are you subject to colds? / The timetable is subject to alteration.

  Undo:解开,拆开I can’t undo my shoelaces.;使无效,废除He undid most of the good work of his predecessors. / What is done can’t be undone.

  Pass 4

  in concert with:合作,共同working in concert with his colleagues / We must act strongly in concert with our European partners.; 文章为引申用法

  a raw (rough) deal:不公平的待遇 If she lost her job for being late once, she got a pretty raw deal.

  thrust:猛地或用力推/挤/塞He thrust his way through the crowd. / My objections were thrust aside. / She tends to thrust herself forward too much.

  --thrust sth/sb on sb迫使某人同意/接受/接待

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