恩波考研英语300句第23课_新浪教育

恩波考研英语300句第23课

http://www.sina.com.cn 2006/08/10 15:08 恩波考研

　　2003 Part B

　　22. Furthermore,humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live,thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.

　　【译文】而且，人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境，从而让所有其它形态的生命服从人类自己独特的想法和想象。

　　【析句】本句的主干是humans have the ability to modify the environment。定语从句in which they live修饰environment。thus subjecting… fancies是现在分词短语作结果状语。注意their指代humans。life forms是一个生物学术语，意为“生命形态”。

　　【讲词】 modify意为“更改,修改”。Could you possibly modify your demands so that we can reach an agreement?(你能不能调整你的要求，以便我们能够达成协议？)modify还有“限制，修饰”之意。This word is used to modify the noun.(这个单词是用来修饰这个名词的。)

　　subject的意思较多，作名词时可以表示“课程，主题；臣民，国民；(语法)主语”。作动词时表示“使屈从，使隶属”：Hitler tried to subject the people of Europe to his rule.(希特勒企图迫使欧洲人民接受他的统治。)subject还可作形容词，表示“服从于，受制于，易于”。This plan is subject to discussion before the final decision is made.(在最终下定决心之前，可以对这一计划进行讨论。)

　　23. Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned,orderly,systematic,and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.

　　【译文】社会科学是知识探索的一个分支，它致力于以自然科学家研究自然现象的同样方式，理性、有序、系统而冷静地研究人类及其行为。

　　【析句】本句为带有两个定语从句的主从复合句。句子的主干为Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry。第一个定语从句(which seeks to… dispassioned manner)修饰前面的enquiry，第二个定语从句(that natural scientists used for the study of natural phenomena)修饰前面的manner。

　　【讲词】 enquiry意为“询问，探询”，这是美国英语的拼写方式，英国英语则是inquiry，其动词形式是enquire(inquire)。如跟about连用，一般表示“询问”，例如：Ill inquire about the flights.(我将打听航班的情况。)She inquired after my mothers health.(她问起我母亲的健康情况。)如跟into连用，一般表示“调查”，例如：We inquired into his story,and found it was true.(我们调查了他所讲的事情，发现情况属实。)

　　24. The emphasis on data gathered firsthand,combined with a crosscultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present,makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.

　　【译文】强调收集第一手资料，加上采用跨文化视角分析过去和现在的文化形态，这就使得这一研究成为一门独特并且显然重要的社会科学。

　　【析句】本句为简单句。The emphasis… makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science是句子的主干，gathered firsthand和brought to the analysis of cultures past and present两个过去分词短语作后置定语，分别修饰data和perspective。在翻译时，应该注意过去分词短语作后置定语的处理方法，应根据汉语的表达习惯适当调整句子结构。

　　【讲词】 perspective意为“透视画法,透视图；远景,前途；观点”，表示“认识或分析问题角度”是一个常见的用法。From the perspective of history,the reason that China is faced with the issue of living space is because Western countries have developed ahead of Eastern countries.(从历史的角度来看，中国之所以面临了生活空间这一问题是因为西方国家的发展早于东方国家。)

　　25. Tylor defined culture as “…that complex whole which includes belief,art,morals,law,custom,and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.”

　　【译文】泰勒把文化定义为“……一个复合整体，它包括人作为社会成员所获得的信仰、艺术、道德、法律、风俗以及其它能力和习惯”。

　　【析句】本句的主干为Tylor defined culture，as与引号中的内容一起作间接宾语。其中which includes… of society是一个定语从句，修饰前面的that complex whole。在定语从句中，过去分词短语acquired by man as a member of society作后置定语，修饰前面的belief… other capabilities and habits。

　　【讲词】 define意为“定义,详细说明”。Throughout history man has tried to define Time.(自古以来，人类就一直试图给时间下定义。)The goal of this project is to define the potential market for the new product.(这一项目的目标是详细说明这一新产品的潜在市场。)

　　26. Thus,the anthropological concept of “culture”— like the concept of “set” in mathematics,is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.

　　【译文】因此，人类学中“文化”的概念就像数学中“集”的概念一样，是一个抽象概念，它使大量的具体研究和认识成为可能。

　　【析句】本句的主干是the anthropological concept of “culture,”… is an abstract concept。which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding是定语从句，修饰前面an abstract concept。like the concept of “set” in mathematics是一个作状语的介词短语，修饰系动词is。当然，在翻译此句时，如果不知道在数学中set对应的汉语术语是什么，那么翻译就会出现困难。

　　【讲词】 concrete作名词时表示“混凝土”，例如：a concrete building(一个混凝土结构的建筑)。作形容词时，concrete意为“具体的,有形的”，例如：The police now had had concrete evidence needed to convict him.(警察现在有了确凿的证据将他定罪。)Have you any concrete suggestions on how to deal with these difficulties?(对怎样解决这些困难,你有没有什么具体建议?)