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集体名词

http://www.sina.com.cn 2007年09月20日 23:23   北文图书

  19 集体名词

  集体名词是由个体组成的集体的名称,下面是一些常见的集体名词:

  aristocracy army audience bacteria cast

  committee community company council crew

  data enemy family flock gang

  government group herd jury media

  navy nobility opposition police press

  proletariat public staff team youth

  这些词本身有复数(注明者除外),带复数动词,表示多个集体。

  单数集体名词有时作单数看待,有时作复数看待。一般说来,作为整体时作单数看待,想到它包含的成员时作复数看待。试比较下面句子:

  The public was unlikely to support it.公众支持它的可能性不大。

  The public were deceived by the newspapers.公众受到报纸的蒙骗。

  The enemy has suffered heavy losses.敌人受到重大损失。

  The enemy were attacking the town.敌军正在攻打该城。

  The government is discussing the proposal.

  政府在讨论这一提议。

  The government are discussing the proposal.

  政府(人员)正在讨论这个建议。

  The audience enjoys every minute of the performance.观众自始至终欣赏这次演出。

  The audience are dressed in a variety of ways.观众有形形色色的穿着。

  The Committee of Public Safety is to deal with this matter.

  公共安全委员会将处理此事。

  The committee are of the opinion that the time is inopportune.

  委员会认为时机尚不适宜。

  但在不少情况下,集体名词后,单复数动词都可以用:

  The press was(were)not allowed to attend the trial.不允许新闻界旁听审判。

  …

  少数集体名词通常用作单数,如:

  The play’s cast was given a standing ovation.对这个剧组的成员大家起立鼓掌。

  …

  另一些集体名词则多作复数看待,如:

  The police have caught the murderer.警方已经抓到了杀人犯。

  …

  有不少集体名词可以跟一个由of引起的短语,这个短语说明/描述/修饰集体名词:

  a brood of chicks一群小鸡

  a bunch of flowers(bananas)一束花(一把香蕉)

  a clump of trees一个树丛

  a company of journalists一群新闻记者

  a flock of sheep(birds)一群羊(飞鸟)

  a gang of criminals一群罪犯

  a group of tourists一批游人

  a herd of cattle一群牛

  a pride of lions一群狮子

  a team of visitors一队参观者

  a troupe of acrobats一批杂技演员

  all army of volunteers一队志愿人员

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