同位语从句的基本用法

　　考点91： 同位语从句的基本用法

　　在复合句主句中名词性成分之后与该名词性成分并列， 补充说明该名词性成分的有关情况的名词性从句， 被称为同位语从句。同位语从句的先行词通常为answer, hope, fact, truth, belief, news, idea, promise, information, conclusion, order, suggestion, problem, question, thought, report, belief, decision, doubt, opinion, theory等抽象名词。例如： The news that his heath is failing made us sad. 他健康状况不佳的消息使我们很难过。// I have no idea where they are spending their holidays. 我不知道他们在哪里度假。// The question who should do the work requires consideration.谁该干这项工作的问题需要考虑。// There is no doubt that he will come here again.他会再来这里， 这是毫无疑问的。// He was tortured by the doubt whether he would accept their presents.他被是否接受他们的礼物这个疑虑所折磨着。

　　掌握同位语从句的用法要注意以下两个问题：

　　1. 同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面， 而是被别的词隔开， 以使得整个句子的结构显得平衡。例如：

　　He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. 他从玛丽那里获知了运动会被推迟的消息。// Word came that Hussein had been captured. 侯赛因已被捕的消息传来。

　　2. 同位语从句和定语从句结构相似， 通常位于某一名词或代词后面， 但两者存在明显区别： 同位语从句对名词性成分加以补充说明， 是该名词性成分具体内容的体现(相当于名词的作用)。 that引导的同位语从句中引导词that不在该同位语从句中充当句子成分， 但不能被省略， 同位语从句还可以用whether、 how等连词引导(定语从句则不能)。定语从句对先行词加以限制或修饰、 说明先行词的性质或特征(相当于形容词的作用)， 定语从句的引导词均在该定语从句中充当特定的句子成分(that在其引导的限定性定语从句中充当主语、 宾语或者表语， 充当定语从句中宾语的that经常可被省略)。注意体会以下四组例句：

　　(1) 第一组例句：

　　① We can’t solve the problem how we can travel faster than light.我们解决不了如何才能超过光的速度这个问题。

　　(how引导的从句表示其前面的名词the problem的具体内容， 属于同位语从句)

　　② I can’t remember the problem that they have.我记不得他们的问题了。

　　(引导词that就是that引导的从句中have的宾语， the problem的具体内容也没有得到说明， 故本句中that引导的从句是修饰problem的定语从句)

　　(2) 第二组例句：

　　① I won’t believe the fact that he lied to his mother.我不愿相信他对母亲撒谎的事实。

　　(that引导同位语从句对fact的具体内容进行说明， that在其中不充当具体的句子成分)

　　② I won’t believe the fact (that) he told me.我不愿相信他告诉我的事实。

　　(that引导定语从句对fact进行限定， that在该从句中充当宾语)

　　(3) 第三组例句：

　　① The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。

　　(that引导同位语从句对news的具体内容进行说明， that在其中不充当具体的句子成分)

　　② The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year. 他告诉我的消息是汤姆来年将出国。

　　(句中的第一个that引导定语从句限定先行词news， 第二个that引导表语从句)

　　(4) 第四组例句：

　　① We have no idea at all where he has gone.我们根本不知道他去哪里了。

　　(where引导同位语从句说明idea的具体内容)

　　② That’s the place where he was born.那是他出生的地方。

　　(where引导定语从句限定先行词place)

　　［考题1］ There is much chance ____ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race. (2006天津)

　　A. that B. which C. until D. if

　　［答案］ A

　　［解析］ 下划线处引导chance的同位语从句， 说明可能性的具体内容， 应填入that。

　　［考题2］ Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class ____ he had to meet his uncle at the air port. (2006重庆)

　　A. why B. that　C. where D. because

　　［答案］ B

　　［解析］ “he had to meet his uncle at the air port”本身是完整的陈述句， 用以说明reason的具体内容， 应用that引导该同位语从句。

　　［考题3］ Doris’ success lies in the fact ____ she is cooperative and eager to learn from others. (2006上海春)

　　A. which B. that C. when D. why

　　［答案］ B

　　［解析］ fact后面通常由that引导同位语从句， that后接完整的陈述句说明fact的具体内容。题意为： 她的成功决定于她非常愿意与别人合作并且向别人学习。

　　［考题4］ A warm thought suddenly came to me ____ I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday. (2006安徽)

　　A. if B. when C. that D. which

　　［答案］ C

　　［解析］ “I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday”本身是完整的陈述句， 用以说明thought的具体内容， 应用that引导该同位语从句。

　　［考题5］ Along with the letter was his promise ____ he would visit me this coming Christmas. (2004上海春)

　　A. which B. that C. what D. whether

　　［答案］ B

　　［解析］ 陈述客观情况的名词性从句的引导词之后是完整的陈述句， 引导词本身不充当该名词性从句中具体的句子成分， 有这样用法的引导词只能是that。本题中that引导的名词性从句“that he would visit me this coming Christmas”是说明promise具体内容的同位语从句。

　　［考题6］ ____ is no possibility ____ Bob can win the first prize in the match.(上海2001)

　　A. There; that B. It; that

　　C. There; whether D. It; whether

　　［答案］ A

　　［解析］ 第一个下划线处应填入表存在的句型的引导词there， 第二个下划线处应填入that引导说明possibility的具体内容。“There is no possibility that ...”意为“没有……的可能性”， 又如： There is no possibility that you will work abroad. 你没有去国外工作的可能。

　　［考题7］ There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private ears ____ road conditions need ____. (2003上海)

　　A. that; to be improved B. which; to be improved

　　C. where; improving D. when; improving

　　［答案］ A

　　［解析］ 第一个下划线处应填入that引导说明problem的具体内容， 第二个下划线处应填入表被动动作的to be improved。注意： 本题中problem的同位语从句that road conditions need to be improved与problem之间由problem的后置定语involved in the popularity of private ears进行了分隔。

　　［考题8］ Do you have any idea ____ is actually going on in the classroom? (2005辽宁)

　　A. that B. what C. as D. which

　　［答案］ B

　　［解析］ 说明idea具体内容的同位语中缺少表示“什么是……？”的疑问主语， 应选用what， 引导idea的同位语从句。

　　本章补充强化训练题

　　1. — Where is Jack?

　　— He is ____ you told him to go.

　　A. where B. which C. what D. 不填

　　2. The difficulty we now meet with is ____ we can persuade him to tell the truth.

　　A. whether B. that C. what D. how

　　3. America was ____ was first called “India” by Columbus.

　　A. what B. where C. the place D. there

　　4. After ten years, he changed a lot and looked different from ____ he used to be.

　　A. that B. whom C. what D. who

　　5. The main facts in human life are five: birth, food, sleep, love and death. One could increase the number — add breathing for instance — but these five are the most obvious. Let us ask ourselves ____ our lives.

　　A. they play in what part B. they play what part in

　　C. what part they play in D. in what part they play

　　6. My hometown is quite different from ____ before.

　　A. that it was B. it was C. what it was D. which it was

　　7. ____ is ____ the students to find out the meaning and the usage of new words.

　　A. What a dictionary does; help B. What dictionary does; to help

　　C. How a dictionary does; help D. All that a dictionary does; helps

　　8. ____ is worth doing at all is worth doing well.

　　A. Whatever B. Whoever C. However it D. Whatever it

　　9. You can choose ____ book you like among these.

　　A. no matter what B. whatever C. whose D. whichever

　　10. You can take ____ much you want and ____ you want to.

　　A. Whatever; when B. Whenever; however

　　C. however; whatever D. however; whoever

　　11. Was it at the very beginning ____ Mr. White made the decision ____ we should send more fire’fighters there?

　　A. when; which B. that; that

　　C. when; so D. where; what

　　12. ____ a plan to deal with it is important.

　　A. What we should work out B. We should work out

　　C. That we should work out D. That what we should work out

　　13. ____ the boss said at the meeting isn’t true astonished all of us.

　　A. That B. What C. What that D. That what

　　14. ____ comes back first is supposed to win the prize.

　　A. Anybody B. Who C. Whoever D. No matter who

　　15. The reason ____ I plan to go is ____ she will be disappointed if I don’t.

　　A. that; because B. why; that C. why; because D. that; for

　　16. — I fell off my horseback and broke my leg yesterday.

　　— Is that ____ you drank too much?

　　A. why B. how C. because D. when

　　本章补充强化训练题参考答案

　　1.A 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.C 6.C 7.A 8.A 9.D 10.C

　　11.B 12.C 13.D 14.C 15.B 16.C

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