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英语:30组短语辨析

http://www.sina.com.cn   2009年05月10日 00:12   新浪考试

  1. burn down/burn out/burn up

  burn down (火势)减弱,(被)焚毁;burn out烧尽,熄灭;burn up 被烧掉(毁),烧得更旺。

  2. how often/how long/how far/how soon

  how often有"多久一次"的意思,是对做某事的频率提问。对how often的回答一般是:twice a year/three times a week。how long表示 "时间多久或物体多长",表示时间时侧重指 "一段时间"。对how long的回答一般是时间段,如for three days。how far 是提问"路程有多远",询问距离的,还可以表示程度。how soon表示 "多久之后",主要用来对表示将来的一段时间提问。对how soon的回答一般是:in + 时间段,如in two days/in five years。 转载请注明出处:天星教育试题调研《考前抢分必备》

  【真题回放】Students are always interested in finding out______they can go with a new teacher。(2008·安徽卷)

  A. how far         B. how soon        C how often      D how long

  答案: A

  3. call at/call back/call for/call in/call on/call up

  call at (a place) 访问(某地);call back 回电话; call for (公开)要求,需要; call in 要求退回,召来;call on 邀请,请求; call up 使回忆起,使想起。

  4. come about/come across/come off/come out/come true/come up

  come about 发生;come across(偶然)遇见;come off 能被去掉(或除去);come out出版,发行; come true变为现实,实现;come up 长出地面,升起。

  【真题回放】—Have you______some new ideas? 

  —Yeah. I’ll tell you later.  (2007·江苏卷)

  A. come about    B. come into    C. come up with    D. come out with

  答案:  C 

  5. cut down/cut off/cut through/cut up/cut in

  cut down砍倒,削减;cut off打断,中断(供给);cut through开辟(出路或通道);cut up(严重地)割伤,打伤,切碎;cut in插嘴。

  6. break out/break down/break away from/break into/break off/break through/break up 

  break out爆发;break down出故障,坏掉;break away from突然挣脱,逃脱;break into强行闯入;break off中断,断开;break through克服,战胜;break up拆开,打散。

  7. bring in/bring up/bring about 

  bring in引入,赚得;bring up抚养,养育;bring about导致,引起。

  8. run out/go out/give out/leave out 

  run out用完,耗尽;go out外出交际,送出,发出;give out用完,耗尽,停止运转; leave out省去, 遗漏, 不包括。转载请注明出处:天星教育试题调研《考前抢分必备》

  【真题回放】 — I’m still working on my project.

  — Oh, you’ll miss the deadline. Time is ______.           (2008·江苏卷) 

  A. running out       B. going out    C. giving out    D. losing out

  答案: A 

  9. get along with/get back/get close to/get down to/get in touch with/get off/get through 

  get along with与……相处;get back回去,返回;get close to接近;get down to开始做…… get in touch with与……联系(接触);get off脱下;get through顺利通过(考试等),拨通(电话)。

  【真题回放】  It’s going to rain. Xiao Feng, will you please help me ______ the clothes on the line?  (2008·陕西卷)

  A. get off       B. get back      C. get in     D. get on

  答案: C

  10. go away/go against/go ahead/go bad/go off/go on doing/go on with/go up 

  go away 走开,离家外出,消失;go against 违反,与……不符(或相反);go ahead 走在前面,先走;go bad (食物)变坏,坏掉;go off 离开(尤指去做某事); go on doing sth. 继续干某事,不停地干某事; go on with sth。(尤指停顿或中断之后)继续做某事; go up (价格,温度等)上涨,上升。

  11.keep back/keep fit/keep in touch with/keep on/keep up with/keep out 

  keep back 保留; keep fit 保持健康; keep in touch with 与……保持联系; keep on 继续;keep up with跟上,并驾齐驱;keep out 不进入,留在外面。

  12. take after/take apart/take away/take down/take on/take off/take up/take over/take in 

  动词take的相关短语也是高频短语,常见的有:take after (外貌或行为)像(父或母);take apart 拆卸,拆开(机器等);take away 解除,消除(感情、痛苦等);take down 拆掉,拆卸,误认为;take on 呈现,雇佣,承担(责任);take off 取消,脱下(衣帽等);take up 占用(时间),占据(空间),开始从事;take over 接管,接手;take in 留宿,收留,吸入。

  【真题回放】  After studying in a medical college for five years, Jane  ______ her job as a doctor in the countryside(2008·全国卷Ⅰ)

  A. set out         B. took over         C. took up         D. set up

  答案: C

  13. turn down/turn... into.../turn off/turn out/turn up/turn over 

  turn down 关小,把……调低;turn ... into ... 把……变成…… turn off 关掉(水、电、收音机等);turn out 证明是,结果是;turn up 到达,偶然出现;turn over 转动,翻身。  

  【真题回放】  — What are you reading, Tom?

  — I’m not really reading, just ______ the pages。(2008·全国卷Ⅱ)

  A. turning off        B. turning around      C. turning over       D. turning up

  答案: C

  14. die of/die from/die down/die out 

  die of死于(内在原因,如疾病等);die from死于(外在原因,如事故等);die down 逐渐变弱,逐渐平息;die out灭绝。

  15.give away/give off/give out/give in to/give back 

  give away 捐赠,分发,泄露;give off 发出,放出(气味、热、光等);give out发出,用完;give in to向……投降,让步; give back 使恢复,归还。

  16. hold on/hold out/hold back/hold up  

  hold on(电话用语)等一下,别挂断;hold out坚持,抵抗,提供机会;hold back隐瞒;hold up推迟,耽搁。

  【真题回放】  — If Peter there?

  —  ______ , please. I’ll see if I can find him for you.     (2008·江苏卷) 

  A. Hold up         B Hold on          C Hold out         D Hold off

  答案: B

  17. look into/look through/look on/look out/look down on 

  look into调查;look through快速查看;look on旁观;look out当心;look down on轻视,瞧不起。

  18.make up/make out/make no sense/make up for/make the most of

  make up构成,化妆;make out理解,明白(事理);make no sense没有意义;make up for弥补; make the most of充分利用。

  19.pay back/pay off/pay for 

  pay back(向某人)还钱;pay off付清;pay for 为……付费。

  20.pick up/pick out  

  pick up 拿起,(为某人)收拾,(开车)接人,接收(信号、声音、图像等),(偶然)学会;pick out 精心挑选,辨别出。

  【易混短语辨析】 

  1. since then / from then on / ever since / ever before  

  since then意为 "从那时以来",通常与动词的现在完成时连用,指从过去某一时刻起到现在为止的一段时间。from then on意为 "从那时起",通常与动词的一般过去时连用,指过去某一时刻之后的时间。ever since意为"自……以后,从……起",其中since是副词,意为"从那以后",通常与延续性动词的完成时态连用。ever before的意思是"在以往任何时候",常出现在than后面,其中before是副词,有时可以省略,ever用以加强语气。如:

  She has lived here since then. 

  From then on he was a model student. 

  He went to Tibet in 1956 and has lived there ever since.

  It’s raining harder than ever (before).

  2. on board /on the board /on the boards  

  on board泛指"在船上",还可指"在飞机(火车,公共汽车等)上"。这个习语也可接船名或船的类型(如:on board the Dongfeng在东风号上;on board a liner在邮轮上)。 on the board除可表示"在(具体的)这艘或那艘船上"外,还可表示"在会上讨论"。 on the boards中的boards是"舞台"的意思,其原义是"在舞台上",现常引申为"做演员"或"演出",常用在连系动词be后作表语。 

  3. too much/much too 

  much too意为"太……",相当于very。too much 意为"太多",可修饰不可数名词;若修饰可数名词,则用too many。如:

  Now too many people become much too fat, for they eat too much. 

  4. on the air/in the air/in the open air 

  on the air意为"正在播送(电视、广播)";in the air意为"在传播中,可感觉到的,流行";in the open air意为"在户外"。如:

  They were in the open air discussing a problem in the air when the news that a war broke out in Iraq was on the air.

  5. at a distance/in the distance 

  at a distance 是"从远处"的意思,表示一定的距离、近距离或可以说明具体的距离,其不定冠词a有时可以省略或是改为some。 in the distance 表示在"在远处",强调距离之远。如:

  This picture looks better at a distance. 

  We saw lights in the distance.

  6. at any moment/at the moment/for a moment/for the moment/in a moment/the moment

  at any moment 意为"随时,任何时候",与at any time 及at all times同义;at the moment 表示"现在,此刻"的意思,用于一般现在时,也可以说成at this moment,相当于now/at present; for a moment 意为"片刻,一会儿";for the moment 意为"目前,暂时"。in a moment 意为"立即,马上",表示现在或过去的动作即将发生的时间;the moment 用来引导时间状语从句,意为"一……就……",相当于as soon as。如:

  We can ask him for help at any moment.

  I am busy at the moment.

  The man was silent for a moment.

  For the moment he didn’t know what to say.

  Hurry up, the film will start in a moment.

  The moment I saw I knew that there was no hope.

  7. care about/care for/take care of 

  care about 意为"关心,在意",指由于某事重要,或是因责任所在而关心计较,一般用于否定句; care for 意为"喜欢,照顾"。用作"喜欢"时一般用于否定句或是疑问句中;take care of 意为"照料",相当于look after。如:

  He doesn’t care about his clothes.

  I don’t really care for red wine.

  Take care of yourself!

  8. because of/owing to/due to/as a result of/thanks to 

  这些短语都可以表示原因,但用法不尽相同。

  because of 意为"因为,由于",在句中一般作状语,可置于句首或句末; owing to意为"由于,因为", 在句中通常作状语,其所引导的短语必须是修饰全句的,严格地讲,置于句末时应用逗号和主句隔开,而because of 则不用;due to 所引导的短语在句中一般作表语和定语,但在很多场合中可以与owing to 通用;as a result of 意为"由于……";thanks to 意为"幸亏,由于,因为",它所引导的短语可以表达正面的意思(表示谢意),也可以用于讽刺。如:

  Because of illness, the boy did not go to school.

  He was injured due to(=owing to) a car accident.

  As a result of the war the lives of many people were lost.

  Thanks to your rotten ideas, we went the long way. (含有讽刺的意味)

  9. catch up with/keep up with

  catch up with意为"赶上",指从后面追上或改变落后的状况;keep up with 意为"跟上",指齐步前进,并驾齐驱,不致落后或掉队。另外keep up with 还可以表示"与……保持联系"的意思。如:

  Tom caught up with the German girl.

  They tried to keep up with Britain in building ships.

  10. take the place of/take one’s place/take place 

  take the place of sb./sth。相当于 take sb.’s place/sth.’s place,即"代替某人或某物"; take one’s place意为"就位";take place 意为"发生", 用作不及物动词,没有被动语态。如:更多精彩尽在《试题调研》第9辑《考前抢分必备》!

  Tractors have now taken the place of horses and cows in most villages.

  Take your place, please. We are about to start.

  This took place in London。

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