罗伯特•杰•斯顿伯格认为，这样的标准测试不可能评估在学校和生活中取得成功所需的所有重要因素。在其名为《智力测试如何明智？》的文章中，斯顿伯格指出，传统测试非常准确地评估了分析能力和语言表达能力，但没有测量创造性和实践知识，这些也是解决问题和取得人生成功的关键因素。而且，一旦种群或环境发生变化，智商测试就未必能够准确预测。研究发现，如果在压力较小的状况下进行智商测试，那么这种测试就可以预测出领导才能，但是，在压力很高的状况下，智商测试所得的结果与领导才能是负相关的，也就是说，预测的结果与实际是相反的。任何经历过学术能力检测的人都会认为，应试能力也很重要，无论是知道何时应该进行猜题，还是知道应该忽略什么问题等，都是很起作用的。

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　　During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformed by economic risk and new realities. Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months.

　　In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics. Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well. Today's families have budgeted to the limits of their new two-paycheck status. As a result, they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback -- a back-up earner (usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick. This "added-worker effect" could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times. But today, a disruption to family fortunes can no longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner.

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