while; whereas; however; nevertheless; but; though; similarly; likewise; in comparison with; in contrast to (with) …; contrasted with …; compared with …; be similar (alike) in …; be the same as …; bear the similarity to …; there is a similarity of … to …; be dissimilar to (from, with) …; be different from …; the difference between (of) … and …

　　13、如何按照拟定顺序叙述

　　First (firstly)， … Second (secondly)， … Third (thirdly)， …Finally, …

　　In the first place, …In the second place, … In the third place, …

　　To begin with, … What’s more, … Besides, …

　　14、如何归纳总结

　　to sum up; conclude; in conclusion; in short; generally speaking; in general; generally; to summarize; in brief; to make a long story short; all in all; in the end; by and large

　　解决：solve, resolve, deal with, cope with, handle, tackle

　　消除：get rid of, eradicate, eliminate

　　依赖：rely on, depend on, count on

　　十分：very much, immensely, hugely, largely, greatly, enormously, tremendously

　　损害：damage, hurt, injure, harm, impair

　　给予：give, offer, render, impart, provide

　　发展：develop, cultivate, foster

　　优势：advantage, merit, virtue, benefit, upside, strength

　　缺陷：disadvantage, detect, demerit, drawback, downside, weakness

　　必备成语

　　1、Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。

　　2、God helps those who help themselves. 天助自助者。

　　3、Easier said than done. 说起来容易做起来难。

　　4、Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。

　　5、One false step will make a great difference. 失之毫厘，谬之千里。

　　6、Slow and steady wins the race. 稳扎稳打无往而不胜。

　　7、A fall into the pit,　a gain in your wit. 吃一堑，长一智。

　　8、Experience is the mother of wisdom. 实践出真知。

　　9、All work and no play makes jack a dull boy. 只工作不休息，聪明孩子也变傻。

　　10、Beauty without virtue is a rose without fragrance. 无德之美犹如没有香味的玫瑰，徒有其表。

　　11、More hasty, less speed. 欲速则不达。

　　12、It's never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。

　　13、All that glitters is not gold. 闪光的未必都是金子。

　　14、A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step。千里之行始于足下。

　　15、Look before you leap. 三思而后行。

　　16、Rome was not built in a day. 伟业非一日之功。

　　17、Great minds think alike. 英雄所见略同。

　　18、Well begun, half done. 好的开始等于成功的一半。

　　19、It is hard to please all. 众口难调。

　　20、Out of sight, out of mind. 眼不见，心不念。

　　21、Facts speak plainer than words. 事实胜于雄辩。

　　22、Call back white and white back. 颠倒黑白。

　　23、First things first. 凡事有轻重缓急。

　　24、Ill news travels fast. 坏事传千里。

　　25、A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。

　　26、Live not to eat, but eat to live. 活着不是为了吃饭，吃饭为了活着。

　　27、Action speaks louder than words. 行动胜过语言。

　　28、East or west, home is the best. 金窝银窝不如自家草窝。

　　29、It's not the gay coat that makes the gentleman. 君子在德不在衣。

　　30、Beauty will buy no beef. 漂亮不能当饭吃。

　　31、Like and like make good friends. 趣味相投。

　　32、The older, the wiser. 姜是老的辣。

　　33、Do as Romans do in Rome. 入乡随俗。

　　34、An idle youth, a needy age. 少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。

　　35、As the tree, so the fruit. 种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。

　　36、To live is to learn, to learn is to better live. 活着为了学习，学习为了更好的活着。

　　附：关于图表作文的描述方法：

　　第一种情况：横向对比。描述这种图表需要对比各数据间的差别，主要以数值、倍数、排列等方式来描述。

　　1、A department has the lowest sales figure in the three departments, followed by the B department and C department。

　　2、The figure of A is about twice as much that of B。

　　3、The income from sales is 10 million, making the company the highest one in sales。

　　4、The A’s income reaches 20 million, which is in the middle of the list。

　　第二种情况：纵向说明。只要指出不同单位之间的比较，描述如何增减，增减幅度如何，反映出什么问题，就可以了。描述这样的图表时，可以用以下的词汇和句型：

　　The rise lasted for two weeks and then began to level off in June。

　　The trend/ increase slowed down in May。

　　The trend of increasing working hours began to gain momentum in January. (开始走强)

　　Prices went up by 50%， but the number of smokers maintained。

　　It picked up speed at the end of this year。

　　常用词汇及表达法：increase, decrease, rise, fall, slow, down, level off, pick up speed, maintain, drop, the trend reverses, decline, gain/ lose momentum, a steady/ substantial increase, a minor/ slight/ dramatic drop

　　第三种情况：纵向、横向均有的说明。这种图标不仅要注意同一事物的变化趋势，也要注意不同事物之间的差距及变化。

　　表示百分比常用句型：

　　It accounts for 30% of the total population。

　　There are 4 members with master’s degrees, making up nearly a quarter of the workforce。

　　Doctors make up 40% of the staff in the hospital。

　　表示增长率的常用句型：

　　The figure of income increased by about 200% as compared with ten years ago。

　　The number of students has reached 200, indicating a rise of 4%， compared to last year。

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