2.3.2  现象简介

　　四句：第一句是对相关现状的概括介绍，第二三句进一步细节介绍，最后一句点明主题，可能带来的后果。

　　现象简介段常用首尾句：

　　A：首句(开门见山说现象)

　　It is really common that .。。介绍现象(有图说图，没图说事)

　　It is not uncommon that.。。介绍现象(有图说图，没图说事)

　　The drawing reflects the common phenomenon of…名词性现象描述

　　Recently，there has been a growing concern among the public over the issue/phenomenon that…介绍现象(有图说图，没图说事)(Today/Nowadays)

　　Lately，the discussion of…(现象)has aroused nationwide attention among the public。

　　B；尾句

　　The meaning conveyed by the phenomenon is clear but profound ：揭示中心…(revealed/implied)

　　The profound implication of the phenomenon is that…揭示中心

　　Therefore，it is obvious that…揭示中心

　　Obviously…揭示中心

　　2.3.3 寓意象征

　　四句：第一句对画面的简要评价，第二三句对画面简单描述，第四句得出结论，揭示主题。

　　如果出现在第二段就在第二三句进行拓展。

　　寓意象征段常用首尾句

　　A：首句

　　As can be seen form the picture，the drawer tells us that…说出画面的寓意(cartoon/photo)

　　What the picture illustrates is a profound topic in our daily life which often causes our concern…说出画面的寓意

　　It is not a difficult job for us to make clear the meaning of the picture…说出寓意

　　B；尾句

　　Therefore，…说出深层寓意(广泛的)

　　The majority of people would agree that…你的结论。

　　2.3.4 原因分析

　　四到六句：第一句阐述中心说明有多种原因，第二三句列举原因(并列的原因，注意连接)，第四局本段结论(强调已列举的原因及产生的结果——过渡作用)。

　　原因分析段框架示例：

　　There are a variety of reasons for the phenomenon. For one thing…举一个原因。For

　　Another,…另一个原因。(as a result,…结论。)

　　Why does this phenomenon appear?I think there are several possible reasons for this。

　　First and formost,…举一个原因：furthermore,…另一个原因：last but not least,…最

　　后一个原因。

　　其他首句还有：

　　I have three reason for my conclusion//predicition/assumption。

　　To the best of my knowledge，the following    reasons may contribute to this phenomenon。

　　As far as I am concerned，several reasons can be identified。

　　其他列举原因还可用：

　　The main reson for the phenomenon is that…举一个最重要典型的原因：another major reason is due to…另一个原因(注意用名词性短语结构)

　　In the first place，…Secondly，…Finally，…

　　The first reason is…,and the second one is…

　　Not only because…，but also because…

　　2.3.5 利弊分析

　　一定有利有弊

　　六句：第一句总结说有利有弊(一定不要用Every coin has two sides。俗！)：第二三句写优势以及拓展推导：第四五句写劣势以及拓展推导：第六句写利弊相当或利大于弊或弊大于利。

　　利弊分析段框架示例

　　We can easily recognize the both sides of the phenomenon.The advantages can be concluded as follows.To begin with，…第一个优势：moreover，…第二个优势：However，there are also

　　drawbacks to the phenomenon.For one thing,…第一个劣势：for another，…第二个劣势。

　　It is not a difficult job to be aware of the attractions and the shortcomings of the phenomenon。

　　On the one hand，…列举优点。On the other hand，…列举缺点。

　　其他可用的过渡方式：

　　For all the advantages mentioned above，…讨论主题 is by to no means without any limitations，as listed below.For one thing，…劣势一，for another，劣势二。

　　For my part，I maintain that the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages。

　　In spite of the situation of…讨论主题，its weaknesses are insignificant compared with its

　　Strengths。

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