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Akita

　　As their breed names often attest, dogs are a truly international bunch. Named for their places of origin and sometimes even their original breeders, breed names offer a fascinating look into how we relate to man’s best friend. Let’s take a look at 12 different breeds and the backstories that their names have to offer。由他们的品种名来看，狗狗是一种真正的国际化动物。它们的名称起源于它们的出生地，有时也来源于它们的饲养员。从品种名称便能看出来，我们与这些人类最好的朋友是有着怎样紧密的关系。让我们来看看12种不同品种的狗狗和它们的名称背后的故事。

　　Akita秋田犬

　　This Japanese breed is named for the prefecture in the north-west of Honshu, where they are thought to have originated. Sometimes these dogs are known as Akita inu (literally ‘Akita dog’ in English). Also popular is the Shiba inu, most famous for being the face of the doge meme。这种日本狗狗的名称源于本州岛的西北部地区，据说那儿是他们的起源地。有时这些狗也叫Akita inu(照字面意思看是“秋田犬”的英文写法)。同样受欢迎的还有日本柴犬，以doge meme表情包最为有名。

Corgi

　　Corgi威尔士矮脚狗

　　The dog of choice for Queen Elizabeth II, who has owned several corgis, the corgi originates in Wales. In Welsh, the name means ‘dwarf-dog’, from cor ‘dwarf’ and gi ‘dog’。女王伊丽莎白二世也养过好几条这种狗，威尔士矮脚狗起源于威尔士。在威尔士，这个名字的意思是“矮小的狗”，由cor(“矮小”的意思)加上gi(“狗”的意思)组成。

Dachshund

　　Dachshund腊肠犬

　　Lop off the hund(German for dog)， and you end up with dachs, which is German for badger – what these dogs were originally trained to hunt. You might also know these dogs as wiener dogs, a reference to their long, thin bodies, which are reminiscent of sausages。去抓住猎物(德国人对猎狗说)，然后你就到达克斯了，那是德国人抓獾的地方——那些猎犬一开始被训练来打猎。你可能也知道这些狗也叫维也纳香肠犬，是说它又长又小的体格让人想到香肠。

　Dalmati

　　Dalmati达尔马提亚犬

　　Dalmatia is the name for a region that is now part of Croatia and Montenegro, formerly part of Yugoslavia and before that an Austrian province. Despite those famous spots, the Dalmatian is related to the Great Dane。达尔马提亚犬这个名字起源于现克罗地亚和黑山共和国的部分地区，原来是南斯拉夫的地盘，在那之前又是属于奥地利。尽管有那么多著名的起源地，但达尔马提亚犬仍跟大丹犬有一定的关系。

　Doberman(n) pinscher杜宾犬

　　Doberman(n) pinscher杜宾犬

　　The name of this breed comes from its first breeder, Ludwig Dobermann (1834–94)， a 19th-century German tax-collector. The origin of pinscher, on the other hand, has not been verified, though it has been suggested that Pinzgau, a region of north-western Austria, may be the source。这类品种名来源于它第一个饲养者Ludwig Dobermann (1834–94)，他是十九世纪的一个税务员。另一方面，即便没有被证实，也有人说这类狗狗可能起源于奥地利西北部的一个叫Pinzgau的地区。

　　Great Dane大丹犬

　　Great Dane大丹犬

　　As much as the literary-minded among us wish that this dog breed were named after Hamlet, the breed name comes from the French grand danois (‘Great Dane’)， and likely is descended from a mix of mastiff and greyhound or wolfhound。出于文学情结，我们都希望这类犬种是以文学作品《哈姆雷特》命名的。这种犬名来源于法国的grand danois(“大丹犬”)，并且有可能是獒犬和灵缇犬或者猎狼犬结合的后裔。

　Jack Russell terrier杰克拉西尔梗

　　Jack Russell terrier杰克拉西尔梗

　　‘Jack Russell’ owners must sometimes wonder who it is that their dog is named after. Jack Russell, as it turns out, was an English parson known as the ‘The Sporting Parson’, who began to breed terriers for sport in the first half of the 19th century。杰克拉西尔梗的主人或许有时很想知道他们狗狗的名字来源。Jack Russell，听起来就是一个就像是“爱好运动的牧师”那样的英国牧师的名字，他从19世纪上半叶开始饲养梗犬来进行体育活动。

Labrador拉布拉多犬

　　Labrador拉布拉多犬

　　Named after the Labrador Peninsula in Canada, where the breed was developed, the Labrador retriever is one of the most popular dogs in the US and UK. The name ‘Labrador’ comes from Portuguese explorer João Fernandes Lavrador, who helped to map that section of the Canadian coast in at the turn of the 14th century。这是以加拿大的拉布拉多半岛命名的，那里的饲养业很发达。拉布拉多猎犬在美国和英国是最受欢迎的狗狗之一。拉布拉多犬这个名字是来源于葡萄牙的一个叫João Fernandes Lavrador的探险家，他在14世纪初的时候帮助绘制了加拿大海岸部分地区的地图。

Rottweiler罗威纳犬

　　Rottweiler罗威纳犬

　　Known for its abilities as a guard dog, the Rottweiler comes from the German town of Rottweil around the turn of the 20th century. Formerly, the dog was known as a Rottweiler Hund, or ‘dog from Rottwei’。以它作为一种警卫犬的能力而得名，罗威纳犬来源于20世纪初德国的一个叫Rottweil的小镇。这种狗以前叫罗威纳猎犬或者罗威犬。

　　Shih-tzu西施犬

　　Shih-tzu西施犬

　　Given that there’s nothing particularly intimidating about these small lap dogs, it’s amusing to learn that the name comes from the Chinese term shīzigǒu, which roughly translates as ‘lion-son-dog’。虽然这类哈巴狗没什么特别吓人之处，但有趣是它的名字来源于中文“狮子狗”(可以直译为“狮-子-狗”)。

Spaniel西班牙猎犬

　　Spaniel西班牙猎犬

　　Originating in Spain, spaniel comes from the Old French word espaignol (or espaigneul)， used to refer to a ‘Spanish dog’. One popular breed of spaniel is the King Charles spaniel, so named due to the great fondness that King Charles II of England had for the dog。这类狗起源于西班牙。西班牙猎犬这个名字起源于一个古法语词espaignol (或者espaigneul)，曾被用来表示一只“西班牙狗”。一个有名的西班牙猎犬品种是查理士王小猎犬，之所以叫这个名字，是因为英国查理士国王非常喜欢并曾经饲养过这种狗。

　　St. Bernard圣伯纳犬

　　St. Bernard圣伯纳犬

　　Why exactly is a dog named after Saint Bernard of Aosta (c. 996–c. 1081)？ The reason is that Bernard of Aosta founded guest houses in two dangerous passes in the Alps, known both for their hospitality as well as the specially trained dogs that he and the other monks often employed to rescue travellers. Both the passes (Great and Little St. Bernard) were named after him, along with the breed of rescue dogs that he started。为什么这类狗的名字是用Saint Bernard of Aosta (c. 996–c. 1081)来命名的呢？原因是Bernard of Aosta在阿尔卑斯山脉的两条险道建了旅店，以好客和旅客救援狗而闻名。这些狗是他和其他僧侣一起训练的。这两条险道(大、小圣伯纳通道)和这种狗都以他的名字来命名。

(来源：沪江英语)