2001年考研英语阅读理解真题解析_新浪教育

2001年考研英语阅读理解真题解析

http://www.sina.com.cn 2003/06/19 11:46 新东方教育在线

　　Passage 3

　　Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deepsintosa long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project.

　　Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.

　　But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns)sintoswhich they plug each day's events. In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news.

　　There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers, which helps explain why the "standard templates" of the newsroom seem alien to many readers. In a recent survey, questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle-size cities around the country, plus one large metropolitan area. Then residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions.

　　Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, and trade stocks, and they're less likely to go to church, do volunteer work, or put down roots in a community.

　　Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite, so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite. The astonishing distrust of the news media isn't rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers.

　　This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly a declining one. Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers. Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers. But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about. If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.

　　9. What is the passage mainly about?

　　［A］needs of the readers all over the world

　　［B］causes of the public disappointment about newspapers

　　［C］origins of the declining newspaper industry

　　［D］aims of a journalism credibility project

　　10. The results of the journalism credibility project turned out to be .

　　［A］quite trustworthy

　　［B］somewhat contradictory

　　［C］very illuminating

　　［D］rather superficial

　　11. The basic problem of journalists as pointed out by the writer lies in their .

　　［A］working attitude

　　［B］conventional lifestyle

　　［C］world outlook

　　［D］educational background

　　12. Despite its efforts, the newspaper industry still cannot satisfy the readers owing to its .

　　［A］failure to realize its real problem

　　［B］tendency to hire annoying reporters

　　［C］likeliness to do inaccurate reporting

　　［D］prejudice in matters of race and gender

　　第一部分文章背景

　　[内容分类]社会科学--传播学，大众传媒

　　本文的中心就是第一句的问题："Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspaper?"作者进一步介绍了一个关于这一的调查，针对这一问题阐述了自己的观点。

　　第二部分语言点详解

　　1. distrust不信任

　　[大纲词汇] trust v.信任;依赖;盼望,希望;委托

　　[衍生词汇] distrust v.不信任

　　[构词方法] dis-前缀,表示"否定"，"相反"

　　[联想记忆] disbelieve不相信

　　disconnect切断

　　[经典例句] We distrusted that man.

　　2. self-analysis自我分析

　　[大纲词汇] analysis n.分析，分解

　　3. journalism新闻报道

　　[大纲词汇] journalist n.记者

　　[衍生词汇] journalism a.新闻业；新闻报道

　　[经典例句] The young lady decided to take up journalism.

　　4. credibility可靠性

　　[大纲词汇] credit v./n.信用，信任

　　[衍生词汇] credible a.可信的，可靠的

　　credibility n.可靠性，可信性

　　[经典例句] He began to lose credibility when he kept changing mind.

　　5. turn out结果是

　　[大纲词汇] turn out制造，生产；结果是；驱逐，使离开

　　[经典例句] The stranger turned out to be his sister who was sent away in her childhood.

　　6. low-level低水平的

　　[扩充词汇] low-level a.低水平的；含量低的；地位低的

　　[联想记忆] low-key调子低的

　　low-paid工资低的

　　[经典例句] It was a low-level performance.

　　7. combine with结合

　　[大纲词汇] combine v.(with)(使)结合，联合；(使)化合

　　[经典例句] Hardworking combined with intelligence will surely lead to success.

　　8. head-scratching令人挠头的，困惑的

　　[大纲词汇] scratch v.抓，搔，扒n.抓，搔，抓痕；起跑线

　　[联想记忆] head-hunting猎头，物色人才

　　9. puzzlement迷惑

　　[大纲词汇] puzzle v.难题，谜，迷惑v.(使)迷惑，(使)为难

　　[衍生词汇] puzzlement n.迷惑

　　puzzling a.令人迷惑的

　　[经典例句] The lawmaker expressed their puzzlement to her opposition to these bills.

　　10. template模式，样板

　　[扩充词汇] template n.模式，样板

　　[经典例句] You may save this article as a template in Microsoft Word.

　　11. plug插入

　　[大纲词汇] plug v.堵塞n.塞子，插头

　　[扩充含义] plug v.将···插入

　　[经典例句] All the passengers are pluggedsintosa stereophonic system.

　　12. backbone骨干

　　[扩充词汇] backbone n.脊柱；骨干，支柱

　　[经典例句] Such men are backbone of the country.

　　13. ready-made现成的

　　[扩充词汇] ready-made a.现成的

　　[经典例句] She never purchase ready-made clothes.

　　14. disconnect隔断

　　[大纲词汇] connect v.(with)连接，连结

　　[衍生词汇] disconnect v./n.切断，断开

　　[经典例句] He got a disconnect in his phone call.

　　15. alien to不相容的

　　[大纲词汇] alien n.外侨；外星人a.(form)相异的；(to)不相容的

　　[经典例句] Luxury is alien to his nature.

　　16. questionnaire调查表

　　[扩充词汇] questionnaire n.调查表，问题单

　　[经典例句] The school devised a questionnaire on children's reading habits.

　　17. metropolitan大城市的

　　[扩充词汇] metropolitan a.大城市的；宗主国的

　　metropolis n.首要城市；大都市

　　[经典例句] Washington Post is a metropolitan newspaper.

　　18. at random任意的

　　[大纲词汇] random a.随机的，随意的n.随机，随意

　　at random随机地，任意得

　　[经典例句] He opened the letters he got at random.

　　19. upscale高消费阶层的

　　[大纲词汇] upscale a.高消费阶层的；迎合高层消费者的

　　[经典例句] The products are oriented to upscale consumers.

　　20. trade stock商业股票

　　21. volunteer志愿者

　　[大纲词汇] volunteer n./v.自愿(者，兵)；自愿(提供)

　　voluntary a.自愿的，志愿的

　　[经典例句] The Red Cross is taking in volunteers in the neighborhood.

　　22. put down roots (离开旧地后)定居下来开始新的生活

　　23. elite精英

　　[大纲词汇] elite n.[总称]上层人士，掌权人物，实力集团；出类拔萃的人(集团)，精英

　　[经典例句] He is one of scientific elite of the country.

　　24. astonishing令人惊讶的

　　[大纲词汇] astonish v.使惊讶，使吃惊

　　[衍生词汇] astonishing a.令人惊讶的

　　[经典例句] Her reaction to the decision was astonishing.

　　25. inaccuracy不准确

　　[大纲词汇] accuracy n.准确，精确度

　　accurate a.准确的，精确的

　　[衍生词汇] inaccuracy n.不准确，不精确

　　inaccurate a.不准确的，不精确的

　　[经典例句] The experiment doesn't allow the slightest inaccuracy.

　　26. reportorial新闻报道的

　　[大纲词汇] report v.报告，汇报；报到n.报告，汇报；传说，传闻

　　reporter n.报告，汇报，报到

　　[衍生词汇] reportorial a.记者的；新闻报道的

　　[经典例句] His lecture was more reportorial than analytical.

　　27. explosive爆炸性的

　　[大纲词汇] explosive a.爆炸(性)的，爆发(性)的n.爆炸物，炸药

　　explode v.(使)爆炸，(使)爆发

　　explosion n.爆发，爆炸

　　[经典例句] The topic is too explosive to touch.

　　28. sponsor主办

　　[大纲词汇] sponsor n.发起人，主办者，保证人v.发起，主办

　　[经典例句] The organization will sponsor the next cultural festival.

　　29. symposium讨论会

　　[大纲词汇] symposium n.讨论会，专题报告会；专题论文集

　　[经典例句] The university hosted a symposium on sociolinguistics.

　　30. flee逃避

　　[大纲词汇] flee v.逃走；逃避

　　[经典例句] He should not flee from responsibility.

　　31. in large numbers大量的

　　[扩充词组] in large numbers大量的

　　[经典例句] The wild animals emigrate to the South in large numbers in autumn.

　　32. get around to开始考虑

　　[大纲词汇] get around/round to找时间做，开始考虑

　　[经典例句] They are too busy to get around toshavingsa baby.

　　33. diversity多样性

　　[扩充词汇] diversity n.差异；差异性；不同点；多样性

　　[经典例句] He has a great diversity of interest.

　　34. gender性别

　　[扩充词汇] gender n.性别

　　35. trustworthy值得信任的

　　[扩充词汇] trustworthy a.值得信任的

　　[构词方法] -worthy表示"值得"

　　[联想记忆] praiseworthy值得称赞的

　　[经典例句] The accountant doesn't seem to be trustworthy.

　　36. illuminating富于启发性的

　　[大纲词汇] illuminate v.照亮，照明

　　[衍生词汇] illuminating a.照明的，照亮的；富于启发性的

　　[经典例句] He had an illuminating talk with the scientist.

　　37. owing to由于

　　[大纲词汇] owing a.欠的，未付的

　　owing to由于

　　[经典例句] He was late to the meeting owing to heavy traffic.

　　第三部分难句解析

　　1. Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.

　　[结构剖析]：本句主语是this project，谓语是has turned out to be，findings为宾语，mostly low-level是宾语的定语修饰成分，about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes是宾语的补语成分。combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want是过去分词引导的伴随状语，其中about what in the world those readers really want是puzzlement的补语。

　　[阅读重点]：要正确理解本句，一定要注意lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want这一部分并不包含在findings里面的，而应该上一与findings属于同一层次上的东西，换而言之，可以把turned our to be后面的表语看成是由两个并列的意思构成的。

　　[参考译文]：遗憾地讲，这次新闻机构可信度调查计划结果只获得了一些十分低层次的发现，比如新闻报道中的事实错误，拼写或语法错误；(和这些低层次发现)交织在一起的还有许多令人挠头的困惑，譬如读者到底想读些什么。

　　2. In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news.

　　[结构剖析]：本句的主干在there is a conventional story line，后面的that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news是定语从句修饰conventional story line

　　[阅读重点]：本句的理解重点在单词的意思，a story line一种写新闻报道的故事主线，newsroom culture报社文化，backbone本意为脊柱，此处是主干，otherwise否则。

　　[参考译文]：换句话说，在媒介机构的新闻采编室文化中中存在着一套约定俗成的写作模式，为新闻报道提供了主干框架以及可直接套用的叙述结构。若没有这些，新闻内容就会一团混乱，让人摸不着头脑。

　　3. There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers, which helps explain why the "standard templates" of the newsroom seem alien to many readers.

　　[结构剖析]：此句的结构和上句非常类似，主句也是一个there加系动词的用法。而表语后都有一个定语从句。本句的定语从句是which helps explain why the "standard templates" of the newsroom seem alien to many readers

　　[阅读重点]：alien本义为异国的，此处是相差甚远，背道而驰。如果考生不了解standard templates的意思，可以从上下文中找其相同作用和功能的词组，如上句中的a story line和backbone，那么就应该知道它们指的都是记者们在写新闻和评论时固定的套路和思维。

　　[参考译文]：在新闻从业人员与读者之间存在着社会与文化方面的隔阂，这或许正是为什么新闻编播室中的"标准模版"与受众的意趣相差甚远，甚而背道而驰的原因。

　　4. The astonishing distrust of the news media isn't rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers.

　　[结构剖析]：本句的主干是一个not...but结构。注意这个结构引导的是两个方式状语。其核心词分别是inaccuracy和the daily clash.

　　[阅读重点]：to be rooted in…根源在于……,另外注意not...but结构中，but后面的部分总是阅读的重点。

　　[参考译文]：读者对新闻媒介令人震惊的不信任的根源并非报道失实或蹩脚的报道水平，而在于记者与读者的世界观天天都会发生冲撞。

　　5. If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.

　　[结构剖析]：it代表上文提到的a troubled business，即问题重重的新闻界。now focused narrowly on race and gender是插入语，也是修饰program的定语。本句在would后面有两个并列宾语open up和look for。

　　[阅读重点]：此句中含有一个虚拟语气，If it did, it would open up…。，另外注意前两个逗号之间是对diversity program(多样化项目)的修饰成分

　　[参考译文]：如果新闻界真的注意到了问题的关键，它就应该进一步开放其多样化项目，这个项目现在还只单纯考虑招收不同种族和性别的员工，而进一步寻找那些世界观、价值观、教育水平和社会阶层大相径庭的各种记者。

　　第四部分

　　参考答案：9.B 10.D 11.C 12.A

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