考研英语阅读理解辨认细节和信息的提问方式_新浪教育

考研英语阅读理解辨认细节和信息的提问方式

http://www.sina.com.cn 2003/07/10 15:42 双博士丛书

　　在文章中，作者总是要通过许多具体内容(Details)来说明、解释、证明或分析文章的主题思想。在通读全文、掌握了文章主题思想的基础上，读者还应该能抓住阐述和发展主题思想的主要事实，或者按要求找出特定细节。这是通过阅读获取信息的重要能力。

　　在通读全文的过程中，我们要特别注意涉及who,what,when,where和why等问题的内容。在有关此类内容的地方要做一标记，以便在回答问题时迅速查找。

　　一般来说，阅读理解测试中要求找出主要事实或特定细节的问题，在文章中均可找到答案。但是，需要注意的是，这些问题的表述常常不是采用文章中的原话，而是使用同义的词语来进行提问。因此，在回答此类问题时，首先要认真审题，看清问题提问的是什么。然后，根据所涉及到的问题，快速扫视到文章中相应的部分，找到与答题内容相关的关键词或短语，再细读一两遍。在确信理解了原文的基础上，来确定正确答案。在查到的关键词句下面应画线，以引起注意，便于记忆与复查。此外，如果回答此类问题需要读者具有一定的背景知识，那也只是最基本的常识。因此，切勿脱离文中内容而根据自己的想象或其他来源的知识来选择答案。

　　(一)掌握命题方式

　　这类问题通常使用what,according to,where,which,why,how,because,purpose,cause,except等疑问词和单词进行提问，如：

　　1.以what,which等疑问词开头，后接短文具体内容的提问方式

　　①What is the typical trend of business today?(2001年全真考研题)

　　②What does the example of India illustrate.(2000年全真考研题)

　　③What is exceptionally remarkable about a child is that . (1993年全真考研题)

　　④What did the manager mean by saying,“…”? (1992年全真考研题)

　　2.以According to…开头后接短文具体内容的提问方式

　　①According to the passage, downshifting emerged in the U.S. as a result of .(2001年全真考研题)

　　②According to the author, which may chiefly be responsible for the moral decline of Japanese society?(2000年全真考研题)

　　③According to the passage,if a person never forgets,. (1995年全真考研题)

　　④According to the passage,a credit card enables its owners to . (1994年全真考研题)

　　3.动宾结构或介宾结构的提问方式

　　①The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate .(2001年全真考研题)

　　②It seems that now a countrys economy depends much on .(2001年全真考研题)

　　③From the second paragraph we learn that . (1997年全真考研题)

　　④By the first sentence of the passage author means that . (1995年全真考研题)

　　⑤The authors attitude towards industrialism might best be summarized as one . (1993年全真考研题)

　　⑥Reading activity involves . (1989年全真考研题)

　　4.在系动词(如is,are等)后填入表语的提问方式

　　①Toward the new business wave, the writers attitude can be said to be .

　　(2001年全真考研题)

　　②The author believes that Futurist poetry is .(2000年全真考研题)

　　③The essential function of photosynthesis in terms of plant needs is .

　　(1991年全真考研题)

　　④No one can expect to fully enjoy the adulthood privileges until he is .

　　(1991年全真考研题)

　　⑤The specialist is . (1986年全真考研题)

　　5.以……because进行的提问方式

　　①Governments attach importance to Internet because it .(2001年全真考研题)

　　②The U.S. achieved its predominance after World WarⅡbecause .(2000年全真考研题)

　　③A technologist can be compared to an artist because . (1995年全真考研题)

　　④The author is strongly opposed to the practice of examinations at schools because . (1995年全真考研题)

　　6.以NOT、TRUE、NOT TRUE或EXCEPT提问的提问方式

　　①Which of the following is TRUE according to the paragraph? (2001年全真考研题)

　　②Which of the following is TRUE according to the author?(2000年全真考研题)

　　③According to the passage,which of the following is TRUE? (1997年全真考研题)

　　④All of the following are true EXCEPT that .(1996年全真考研题)

　　7.找短文中的替换词替换句中的提问方式

　　①“Juggling ones life”probably means living a life characterized by .(2001年全真考研题)

　　②In paragraph 5,“the powerless”probably refers to .(1998年全真考研题)

　　③The word“pervasive”(Line 2. Para. 2) might mean . (1997年全真考研题)

　　这类提问方式只要抓住提问中的关键字眼，就可以在短文中直接找到答案，或稍加推论即可在短文中找到答案。请看下面短文。

　　Example (1)

　　When an invention is made,the inventor has three possible courses of action opento him:he can give the invention to the world by publishing it,keep the idea secret,or patent it.

　　A granted patent is the result of a bargain struck between an inventor and the state,by which the inventor gets a limited period of monopoly and publishes full details of his invention to the public after that period terminates.……

　　Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

　　A.When a patent becomes out of effect,it can be repatented or extended if necessary.

　　B.It is necessary for an inventor to apply for a patent before he makes his invention public.

　　C.A patent holder must publicize the details of his invention when its legal period is over.

　　D.One can get all the details of a patented invention from a library attached tothe patent office.

　　在这道题中，答案是极其明显的，所引文章的最后一句话即是：当专利的有效期限终止，专利发明者就必须公布该项专利的细节。故答案为C。

　　当然，并非所有细节题都像上述例题那么容易，有的要难一些。其难处在于：

　　①在文章中作为答案的语句由于用词较难，结构较复杂而令人费解；

　　②题干本身有生词构成理解的障碍。如1995年的第64题、65题。

　　除了上述两点之外，考生还要注意以下情况：

　　①在细节题题干中，常有“Which of the following is not included/mentioned/true…”这样的话，这里要特别注意not，结果不要选错了。

　　②要特别留心文章中和题干中一些细小的地方，哪怕是时态和语气等。这些方面不留心，虽然简单也很容易做错题。

　　再如1995年的65题。

　　…If the preoccupation of schools with academic work was lessened,more time might be spent teaching children surer values. Perhaps selection for the caring professions,especially medicine,could be made less by good grades in chemistry and more by such considerations as sensitivity and sympathy. It is surely a mistake to choose our doctors exclusively from A type stock. Bs are important and shouldbe encouraged.

　　The selection of medical professionals are currently based on .

　　A.candidates sensitivity

　　B.academic achievements

　　C.competitive spirit

　　D.surer values

　　这段文章基本上是虚拟语气，也就是说，这些细节和情况都是与现在事实相反，只有最后两句话是直陈语气。而试题问的却是现在情况，即时下选择医务人员的依据主要是什么，答案应为B。

　　在做这类题时宜采用寻读法，即在快速阅读中有预定目的地寻找特定信息。具体步骤如下：

　　第一步：研读问题，确定要寻求的信息，并预想它会以什么形式出现。例如如果问的是事件的时间，就要注意日期；如果是问谁做了什么事情，就要留意人名。

　　第二步：预计信息所在的位置。例如，要知道体育赛事的人不会去找新闻版，John Jefferson的电话号码不会在F打头的栏目里。

　　第三步：用“扫扫停停”的方式，目光迅速扫过字里行间，直接到有预定信息的字句，停下来仔细阅读。

　　第四步：在找到所有问题的答案后，即刻停止阅读剩余的部分。

　　在回答这一类提问文章具体内容的细节题时，应注意以下几个问题：

　　(1)当问及时间、距离以及其他用数字表示的细节时，有时需要进行计算方能得出答案。

　　此时要把计算过程简单列出，不可随意心算一下即确定答案。请看下面短文。

　　Example (2)

　　The Flag of the U.S. - The Stars and StripesThe history of the flag of the U.S. has become so cluttered by myth that hardly any facts can be established. One thing all agree on is that the Stars and Stripes originated as the result of a resolution adopted by Congress June 14,1777. It read:Resolved:that the flag of the United States be thirteen stripes,alternate red and white;that the union be thirteen stars,whitein a blue field,representing a new constellation.

　　The flag of 1777 was used until 1795. Then,on the admission of Vermont and Kentucky to the Union,Congress passed an act that after May 1,1795,the flag should have 15 stripes and 15 stars.

　　When new states were admitted it became evident that the flag would become burdened with stripes. Congress thereupon ordered that after July 4,1818,the flag should have 13 stripes,symbolizing the 13 original states;that the union have 20 stars,and that whenever a new state was admitted a new star should be added on the July 4 following the admission.

　　The 50star flag of the United States was raised for the first time officially on July 4,1960,at Fort McHenry in Baltimore. The 50th star had been added for Hawaii,a year earlier the 49th,for Alaska. Before that,no star had been added since 1912,when New Mexico and Arizona were admitted to the Union.1.Since 1777,the U.S. flag has changed its design .

　　A.twice

　　B.3 times

　　C.5 times

　　D.more than 5 times

　　2.In 1912,before July 4,the U.S. flag had .

　　A.15 stars

　　B.20 stars

　　C.46 stars

　　D.48 stars

　　3.The 49th and 50th states to join the U.S.A. were,in their correct order,.

　　A.Alaska and Hawaii

　　B.Hawaii and Alaska

　　C.New Mexico and Arizona

　　D.Arizona and New Mexico

　　4.Congress decided in 1818 that the U.S. flag should have 13 stripes because .

　　A.since 1777 it had always had 13 stripes

　　B.since 1777 it had always had more than 13 stripes

　　C.in 1818 there were only 13 states in the Union of the U.S.A.

　　D.at the founding of the Union of the U.S.A. there had been only 13 states

　　问题1要求回答美国国旗图案自1777年以来变化了几次。回答这样的题目需把文中所有提及1777年以来美国国旗变更次数的关键词语划出：

　　1795；July 4,1818;since 1912;a year earlier the 49th;July 4,1960文中似乎只提及5处，但是文中又提到1818年时为20颗星，以后每加入一个州增加一颗星。从文中可看出1912年增加的是第47和48颗星，从第20颗星到47颗星之间必然还有若干次变动，因此答案应为D，即：变动次数为5次以上。

　　问题2提问的是1912年7月4日以前的情况。由于新墨西哥和亚里桑那于1912年7月4日加入联邦，国旗上星的数目增至48颗。因此，1912年7月4日以前国旗上的星数应为46颗。正确答案为C。

　　问题3的答案为A。其根据为The 50th star had been added for Hawaii,a year earlier the 49th,for Alaska.

　　问题4的答案为D。其根据是symbolizing the 13 original states.

　　(2)当问题要求对某一事实作出正误判断或询问文中是否提到某一事实时，我们应先把所给的选择项大体上看一下，做到心中有数。然后，根据选择项中提供的线索，迅速找到文章中相应的部分，细读一下有关内容。与文中内容一致的即可肯定，不一致的即可否定。注意，在回答Not True之类问题时，必须逐项找出须肯定的内容，方可确定要否定的内容。切勿一遇到自己认为正确的内容，便匆忙答题，不再去考虑其他选择项，这样常常会导致错误。请看下面短文。

　　Example (3)

　　One word that sums up our age better than any other - whether“our age”is“the technological age”of western countries or the“modernizing age”of China- is the word CHANGE. But has change not always been present? True,but never before at such a breakneck speed. Today it is more than just change. It is unprecedented change. In such a world,reading provides the best tool we have for keeping up and for avoiding future shock in a world continually being remade.

　　Which of the following is NOT true?

　　A.Western countries and China are being remade.

　　B.Reading will help understand our age.

　　C.The present age and future world are continually changing.

　　D.Reading is the best tool provided by our age.

　　A、B、C项均与文章中的意义一致，D项不符。因为文中说的是：“Reading serves as the best tool for us.”(对我们来说，阅读可以作为一个最好的工具。)而不是如选择项D所表示的那样：“Reading is the best tool provided by our age。”(阅读是由我们时代所提供的最好的工具。)所以，我们将答案确定为D。

　　(3)在文章中，为避免重复提及某一词或短语，作者常常使用指代词(Reference words)来代替。在寻找细节时，读者须准确理解被指代的对象。通常，我们可根据上下文的句子结构，主谓一致关系以及语义关系等来确定所指代的内容。如：

　　1)The basketball team never lacked vociferous supporters,but theyrarely responded to this show of enthusiasm.

　　文中黑体词they若是指高声呼叫的支持者，则与后面的意思(对这种热情很少作出响应)不合。因此they只能指球队队员。

　　2)Scott Fitzgerald,who first introduced him to a publisher,was one of the few contemporary writers that Hemingway did not turn against.文中黑体him若指的是主语Scot Fitzgerald,则应该用反身代词himself,而不能用him,因此这里只能指下文的Hemingway.

　　(二)掌握词语和句型上的转换

　　这类具体信息的题我们都可以在文章中直接找到答案。但答案不可能与原文一模一样或一成不变，而是用不同的词语、同义词或近义词来表达同样的思想，或者改变句型的结构，但意义与原文相同。因此可以说，原文材料和题目虽然不一样，而实质却是相同的。

　　例：1996年第2篇全真考研题

　　With the start of BBC World Service Television, millions of viewers in Asia and America can now watch the Corporations news coverage, as well as listen to

　　it.

　　And of course in Britain listeners and viewers can tune in to two BBC television channels, five BBC national radio services and dozens of local radio stations. They have brought sport, comedy, drama, music, news and current affairs, education, religion, parliamentary coverage, childrens programmes and films for anannual licence fee of￡83 per household.

　　It is a remarkable record, stretching back over 70 years - yet the BBCS future is now in doubt. The Corporation will survive as a publicly, funded broadcasting organization, at least for the time being, but its role, its size and its programmes are now the subject of a nation wide debate in Britain.

　　The debate was launched by the Government, which invited anyone with an opinion of the BBC - including ordinary listeners and viewers - to say what was good or bad about the Corporation, and even whether they thought it was worth keeping. The reason for its inquiry is that the BBCs royal charter runs out in 1996 and it must decide whether to keep the organization as it is, or to make changes.

　　Defenders of the Corporation-of whom there are many-are fond of quoting the American slogan“If it aint broke, dont fix it.”The BBC“aint broke”,they say, by which they mean it is not broken (as distinct from the word‘broke', meaningshavingsno money), so why bother to change it?Yet the BBC will have to change, because the broadcasting world around it ischanging. The commercial TV channels - ITV and Channel 4 - were required by the Thatcher Governments Broadcasting Act to become more commercial, competing

　　with each other for advertisers, and cutting costs and jobs. But it is the arrival of new satellite channels-funded partly by advertising and partly by viewerssubscriptions-which will bring about the biggest changes in the long term.

　　55.The world famous BBC now faces .

　　A.the problem of news coverage

　　B.an uncertain prospect

　　C.inquiries by the general public

　　D.shrinkage of audience

　　55B本文主要讲的就是大众对BBC是否该改变，甚至是否该继续存在的大讨论，由于人们的观点不同，“the BBCs future is now in doubt”(第三段第一句)，即其未来尚未确定。

　　例：1995年第4篇全真考研题

　　Personality is to a large extent inherent-Atype parents usually bring about Atype offspring. But the environment must also have a profound effect,since if competition is important to the parents,it is likely to become a major factor inthe lives of their children.

　　One placeswhereschildren soak up A characteristics is school,which is,by its very nature,a highly competitive institution. Too many schools adopt the‘win at all costs' moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements. Thecurrent passion for making children compete against their classmates or againstthe clock produces a twolayer system,in which competitive A types seem in some way better than their B type fellows. Being too keen to win can have dangerous

　　consequences:remember that Pheidippides,the first marathon runner,dropped dead seconds after saying:‘Rejoice, we conquer!'

　　By far the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate emphasison examinations. It is a rare school that allows pupils to concentrate on thosethings they do well. The merits of competition by examination are somewhat questionable,but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful.

　　Obviously,it is neither practical nor desirable that all A youngsters change into

　　Bs. The world needs types,and schools have an important duty to try to fit a childs personality to his possible future employment. It is top management.

　　If the preoccupation of schools with academic work was lessened,more time might be spent teaching children surer values. Perhaps selection for the caring professions,especially medicine,could be made less by good grades in chemistry and more by such considerations as sensitivity and sympathy. It is surely a mistake to choose our doctors exclusively from A type stock. Bs are important and should be encouraged.

　　63.According to the passage,Atype individuals are usually .

　　A.impatient

　　B.considerate

　　C.aggressive

　　D.agreeable

　　63.C文章的前三段都提到A型性格的人争强好胜的性格。第二段第三句讲“The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a twolayer system, in which competitive A types seem in some way better than their Btype fellows.”作者直接用“competitive”一词来描述A型性格的人。在此，“competitive”与选项Caggressive(好斗的)表达相同的思想，故答案为C项。

　　(三)掌握排除式结构

　　这种题型说白了就是要求考生排除短文的已知信息，找到短文未阐述的内容，而这个未提及的内容恰恰是我们选择此题的答案。因此，此类题型的难度要求较高，解决此类题型，我们可以采取以下阅读方式：

　　①阅读文章之前先阅读四个选项，记住各个选项所描述的内容。然后带着这些选项的内容去阅读文章。

　　②在阅读过程中，如遇到与选择项内容相同或相近的信息，我们可选择出来仔细琢磨，然后做出选择。

　　③在排除三项与原文有关内容之后，所剩选项就是正确答案。

　　例：1995年第1篇全真考研题

　　Money spent on advertising is money spent as well as any I know of. It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable prices,thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices. By drawing attention to new ideas it helps enormously to raise standards of living. By helping to increase demand it ensures an increased need for labour,and is therefore an effective way to fight unemployment. It lowers the costs of many services:without advertisements your daily newspaper would cost four times as much,the price of your television license would need to be doubled,and travel by bus or tube would cost 20 per cent more.

　　And perhaps most important of all,advertising provides a guarantee of reasonablevalue in the products and services you buy. Apart from the fact that twentyseven Acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising,no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements. He might fool some people for a little while through misleading advertising. He will not do so for long,for mercifully the public has the good sense not to buy the inferior article more than once. If you see an article consistently advertised,it is the surest proof I know that the article does what is claimed for it,and that it represents good value.

　　Advertising does more for the material benefit of the community than any other force I can think of.

　　There is one more point I feel I ought to touch on. Recently I heard a wellknown television personality declare that he was against advertising because it persuades rather than informs. He was drawing excessively fine distinctions. Of course advertising seeks to persuade.

　　If its message were confined merely to information-and that in itself would be difficult if not impossible to achieve,for even a detail such as the choice of the colour of a shirt is subtly persuasive-advertising would be so boring that no one would pay any attention. But perhaps that is what the wellknown television personality wants.

　　52.In the passage, which of the following is NOT in the advantages of advertising?

　　A.Securing greater fame.

　　B.Providing more jobs.

　　C.Enhancing living standards.

　　D.Reducing newspaper cose.

　　54.In the authors opinion, .

　　A.advertising can seldom bring material benefit to man by providing information

　　B.advertising informs people of new ideas rather than wins them over

　　C.there is nothing wrong with advertising in persuading the buyer

　　D.the buyer is not interested in getting information from an advertisement

　　52.A本题为是非题，可采用排除法做。A“获得更大的声誉”在文中未曾涉及，因此A正确。B“提供更多的工作”与文章第一段第四句“通过促进需求的增加，它确保对劳动力的需求，因此是抵制失业的有效方法”一致。C“提高生活水平”与第一段第三句“通过把人们的注意力吸引到新观念上来，它有助于极大提高生活水平”内容一致。D“降低报纸成本”与第一段最后一句“它降低了许多服务的成本，如没有广告，日报价格会上涨四倍”，内容一致。

　　54.C这也是关于作者态度的问题。从最后一段来看，作者婉转地表达了他的态度。他假设如果广告只是提供信息而没有劝说的作用，就不会有人看广告了。因此，作者的态度很明确，广告当然有说服消费者的作用，这也体现在他对那位知名人士的批评之中。

　　例：1996年第3篇全真考研题

　　In the last half of the nineteenth century“capital”and“labor”were enlarging and perfecting their rival organizations on modern lines. Many an old firmwas replaced by a limited liability company with a bureaucracy of salaried managers. The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders. It was moreover a step away from individual initiative,towards collectivism and municipal and stateowned business. The railway companies, though still private business managed for the benefit of shareholders, were very unlike old family business. At the same time the great municipalities wentsintosbusiness to supply lighting, trams and other services to the taxpayers.

　　The growth of the limited liability company and municipal business had important consequences. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsiblemanagement of business. All through the nineteenth century, America, Africa, India, Australia and parts of Europe were being developed by British capital, andBritish shareholders were thus enriched by the worlds movement towards industrialisation. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large“comfortable”classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholdersmeeting to dictate their orders to the management. On the other hand“shareholding”meant leisure and freedom which was used by many of the later Victorians for the highest purpose of a great civilization.

　　The“shareholders”as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labor was not good. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family businessnow passing away. Indeed the mere size of operations and the numbers of workmen involved rendered such personal relations impossible. Fortunately, however, the increasing power and organization of the trade unions, at least in all skilled trades, enabled the workmen to meet on equal terms the managers of the companies who employed them. The cruel discipline of the strike and lockout taught thetwo parties to respect each others strength and understand the value of fair negotiation.

　　61.According to the passage, all of the following are true except that .

　　A.the shareholders were unaware of the needs of the workers

　　B.the old firm owners had a better understanding of their workers

　　C.the limited liability companies were too large to run smoothly

　　D.the trade unions seemed to play a positive role

　　61C该题属于具体信息题，要求利用排除法。选项A的内容“股东不了解工人的需求”与文中第三段第一句“The shareholders as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the compary…”相符合。选项B的内容“公司的老板了解自己的工人”在原文第三段第二句“The paid manager…,but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away.”(公司拿薪水的执行经理与工人和他们的需要有更直接的关系。但是，与现在正在消失的世袭制的旧家庭企业的老板相比，很少有过去那种对工人的熟悉程度。)；相符合。选项D的信息在原文第四句也有所反映“…, the increasing power and organization of the trade unions…，enabled the workmen to meet on equal terms the managers of the companies who employed them.”(……，工会与日俱增的力量使工人们可以同他们的雇主平起平坐……)，从中可以得出：工会似乎起着“a positive role”。只有选项C“有限公司太大以至于很难运转”的信息在原文中未涉及，故这一未提到的信息是正确选项。

　　(四)掌握长句句法结构

　　这种类型的试题目的在于增加阅读理解的难度，而作为考生就要根据“具体信息，把结构比较复杂而冗长的句子弄清楚，弄清楚这种长句，考生就必须先找出句中的主要成分和次要成分，把句子的主、谓、宾、定、状、补等各个部分都弄清楚，然后再进行判断。如果选项中的句子能准确地表达原句的信息，则属正确答案。

　　例：1996年第5篇全真考研题

　　Rumor has it that more than 20 books on creationism/evolution are in the publishers pipelines. A few have already appeared. The goal of all will be to try to explain to a confused and often unenlightened citizenry that there are not two equally valid scientific theories for the origin and evolution of universeand life. Cosmology, geology, and biology have provided a consistent, unified,and constantly improving account of what happened.“Scientific”creationism,which is being pushed by some for“equal time”in the classrooms whenever the scientific accounts of evolution are given, is based on religion, not science. Virtually all scientists and the majority of nonfundamentalist religious leaders have come to regard“scientific”creationism as bad science and bad religion.The first four chapters of Kitchers book give a very brief introduction to evolution. At appropriate places, he introduces the criticisms of the creationists and provides answers. In the last three chapters, he takes off his gloves and gives the creationists a good beating. He describes their programmes and tactics, and, for those unfamiliar with the ways of creationists, the extent of their deception and distortion may come as an unpleasant surprise. When their basic motivation is religious, one might have expected more Christian behavior.

　　Kitcher is a philosopher, and this may account, in part, for the clarity andeffectiveness of his arguments. The nonspecialist will be able to obtain at least a notion of the sorts of data and argument that support evolutionary theory.The final chapters on the creationists will be extremely clear to all. On thedust jacket of this fine book, Stephen Jay Gould says:“This book stands for reason itself.”And so it does-and all would be well were reason the only judge in the creationism evolution debate.

　　68.Kitchers book is intended to .

　　A.recommend the views of the evolutionists

　　B.expose the true features of creationists

　　C.curse bitterly at his opponents

　　D.launch a surprise attack on creationists

　　68-B对造物主义的批判是本文的重点。第二段指出“他利用合适的机会对造物主义进行了批判；在最后三段，他摘掉手套，将造物主义者狠狠揍了一顿，他描述了他们的纲领及手段，指出他们的欺骗程度和歪曲程度令人吃惊和厌恶”。这样，作者对造物主义的来源和表现都作了批判，所以B是应选答案。

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