2001年考研英语阅读理解全真题解析_新浪教育

2001年考研英语阅读理解全真题解析

http://www.sina.com.cn 2003/07/10 16:55 双博士丛书

　　The world is going through the biggest wave of mergersand acquisitions ever witnessed. The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emerging countries with unsurpassed might.Many in these countries are looking at this process and worrying:“Won't the wave of business concentration turnsintosan uncontrollable anti competitive force?”

　　There's no question that the big are getting bigger and more powerful.Multinational corporations accounted for less than 20% of international trade in 1982.Today the figure is more than 25% and growing rapidly.International affiliates account for a fastgrowing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment.In Argentina,for instance,after the reforms of the early 1990s,multinationals went from 43% to almost 70% of the industrial production of the 200 largest firms.This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms,of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of the world economy.

　　I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs,lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers demands.All these are beneficial,not detrimental,to consumers.As productivity grows,the world's wealth increases.

　　Examples of benefits or costs of the current concentration wave are scanty.Yet it is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could recreate the same threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the U.S.,when the Standard Oil trust was broken up.The mergers of telecom companies,such as WorldCom,hardly seem to bring higher prices for consumers or a reduction in the pace of technical progress.On the contrary,the price of communications is coming down fast.In cars,too,concentration is increasing-witness Daimler and Chrysler,Renault and Nissan-but it does not appear that consumers are being hurt.

　　Yet the fact remains that the merger movement must be watched.A few weeks ago,Alan Greenspan warned against the megamergers in the banking industry.Who is goingto supervise,regulate and operate as lender of last resort with the gigantic banks that are being created? Won't multinationals shift production from one placeto another when a nation gets too strict about infringements to fair competition? And should one country take upon itself the role of“defending competition”on issues that affect many other nations,as in the U.S.vs.Microsoft case?

　　1What is the typical trend of businesses today?

　　A.to take in more foreign funds

　　B.to invest more abroad

　　C.to combine and become bigger

　　D.to trade with more countries

　　2According to the author,one of the driving forces behind M&A wave is.

　　A.the greater customer demands

　　B.a surplus supply for the market

　　C.a growing productivity

　　D.the increase of the world's wealth

　　3From paragraph 4 we can infer that.

　　A.the increasing concentration is certain to hurt consumers

　　B.WorldCom serves as a good example of both benefits and costs

　　C.the costs of the globalization process are enormous

　　D.the Standard Oil trust might have threatened competition

　　4Toward the new business wave,the writer's attitude can be said to be.A.optimistic

　　B.objective

　　C.pessimistic

　　D.biased

　　1C本题用“What”引出问题，后面要求接具体内容，这种提问方式，答案可以在文章中直接找到。该题问当今企业中的主要趋势是什么。我们可以参照第一段第一二句“整个世界正在经历前所未有的合并大潮。这一合并之风从极度的活跃的美国到达欧洲，而后，以前所未有的力量到达到那些日渐兴起的国家”。因此答案C“合并扩大规模”为正确答案，A、B、D三项均与文章内容不符。

　　2A本题问根据作者的观点，合并潮的动力之一是什么。我们可以参照文章第三段第一句“……运输与通信费用下降；贸易与投资障碍减少；市场扩大。这一切都需要扩大业务往来来满足消费者的需求”。因此A答案“日趋增加的顾客的巨大需求”为正确答案。B答案“市场供应过剩”与文章内容不符；C答案“生产力日益提高”，文章未提；D答案“世界财富的增加”是生产力提高的结果，并不是企业合并的结果。

　　3D该题问从第四段可以推论出什么。我们可以参照第四段第二句“然而，目前几家石油公司的合并是否会再次给竞争带来威胁却难以预料，因为，美国一个世纪前曾由于合并引发了一场竞争危机，造成了标准石油托拉斯解体。”由此推断答案D“标准石油托拉斯可能对竞争产生过威胁”为正确答案。其他三项均与文章内容不符。

　　4B态度题。从整篇文章的逻辑构思来看，作者一开头就提出主题——企业合并浪潮。然后指出引起这种合并的三个因素，并认为合并对可见，作者是从正反两个方面来分析合并浪潮的，故选择项A“客观的”符合上述分析。

　　译文

　　整个世界正经历着前所未有的最大合并潮。这一合并潮从极度活跃的美国到达欧洲，然后，以前所未有的力量到达那些日渐兴起的国家。这些国家的许多人都在关注着这一合并现象。他们为此担心：这种企业的合并会不会演变成一种无法控制的反竞争力量呢?

　　毫无疑问，合并之后规模大的企业会更大，力量也会更强。1982年，跨国公司在国际贸易中仅占20%弱。今天已超过25%，并且正以很快的速度增加。在对外开放的国度中，对外国投资是来者不拒；国际分公司的生产所占的比重也越来越大。例如阿根廷，20世纪90年代改革以后，在200家最大型的公司中，跨国公司的工业总产值几乎从43%上升至70%。这种现象引起了人们对小型经济实体、民族商人的作用以及世界经济的最终稳定性的极大关注。

　　据我认为，引起这场合并潮的最重要的力量与导致全球化的力量是相同的，那就是运输与通信费用的下降；贸易与投资障碍的减少以及市场的扩大。这一切都需要扩大业务的往来来满足消费者的需求。这对消费者只能有利而不会不利。随着生产力的提高，世界财富也在增加。

　　目前，这种合并潮带来的好处或害处所造成的损失还不是很多见。然而，目前几家石油公司的合并是否会再次给竞争带来威胁却难以预料，因为，美国一个世纪前曾经由于合并引发了一场竞争危机，造成了标准石油托拉斯解体。像世界电信这类电讯公司的合并好像不会造成费用的上升，也不会使技术进步速度减慢。恰恰相反地，通信费用在快速下降。汽车行业，如戴姆勒汽车公司、克莱斯勒、雷诺和尼桑汽车公司，也在合并，但消费者似乎并没有受到此合并的伤害。

　　然而，我们必须密切注视这种合并潮。几周前，阿兰-格林斯潘就告诫人们提防银行业的大合并。谁将作为最后形式的贷方监督、管理和运作这家正在形成的庞大银行呢?当一个国家对侵害公平竞争现象控制过于严格时，跨国公司会不会把生产从一个地方转移到另一方地方呢?一个国家能不能像美国对付微软公司那样，在影响他国利益的问题上承担起保护竞争的职责呢?

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