名师张锦芯谈考研英语阅读的文章类型_新浪教育

名师张锦芯谈考研英语阅读的文章类型

http://www.sina.com.cn 2005/03/30 17:00 中国人民大学出版社

　　本文节选自人大版《考研英语阅读200篇》(张锦芯主审郭庆民主编)

　　了解考研常见文章类型可以帮助考生把握文章的重要信息、抓住文章的推论过程、提高做题的命中率。

　　一、议论文与说明文

　　在阅读英文文章时，很少有考生认识到：议论文和说明文也有不同的组织方式。对这些不同方式的了解同样有助于考生更有效地把握文章。下面我们就来对议论文和说明文的结构做一下具体分析。

　　第一类具体模式如下：

　　提出问题论述问题得出结论

　　这仅仅是就文章的总体结构而言。提出问题部分可以有自己的复杂形式，如：

　　1. 在提出自己的看法前作者先简述他人的观点，而提出问题后也可稍做解释。

　　2. 论述问题可以采用以下多种方式，或将这些方式混合使用：

　　1)使用具体数据作为论据；

　　2)使用具体实例作为论据；

　　3)引用名人或涉及的人的话作为论据；

　　4)使用逻辑推理作为论据。

　　等等。

　　3. 结论也可以有其复杂形式，如：在提出结论前可以检验其他可能性，而在提出结论后还可以指出这一结论的意义。

　　【例1】

　　There is an old idea that talented children “burn themselves out" in the early years and therefore are subject to failure and,at worst,mental illness is unfounded. As a matter of fact,the outstanding thing that happens to bright kids is that they are very likely to grow into bright adults.

　　To find this out, 1 500 gifted persons were followed up to their thirtyfifty years with these results:

　　On adult intelligence tests, they scored as high as they had as children. They were,as a group,in good health,physically and mentally. 84 per cent of the group were married and seemed content with their lives.

　　About 70 per cent had graduated from college, though only 30 per cent had graduated with honors. A few had even dropped out,but nearly half of these had returned to graduate.

　　Of the men 80 per cent were in one of the professions or in business management or semiprofessional jobs. The women who had remained single had office,business,or professional occupations.

　　The group had published 90 books and 1 500 articles in scientific,scholarly,and literary magazines and had collected more than 100 patents.

　　In a material way they did not do badly either. Average income was considerably higher among the gifted people,especially the men,than for the country as a whole,despite their comparative youth.

　　In fact,far from being strange,most of the gifted were turning their early promise into practical reality. (1990年考题)

　　【综合分析】第一段第一句提到了一种错误观点，第二句提出了本文旨在说明的问题，中间几段用数据分别从几方面论述了这一问题，最后一段是全文的结论，far from being strange 的使用更强调了这一结论。

　　23. The old idea that talented children “burn themselves out" in the early years is .

　　［A］ true in all senses

　　［B］ refuted by the author

　　［C］ medically proven

　　［D］ a belief of the author

　　【分析】选择项［B］是正确答案。本题提问的是作者对所提到的错误观点的态度，根据第一段，作者认为它缺乏依据(is unfounded)。

　　24. The survey of bright children was made to .

　　［A］ find out what had happened to talented children when they became adults

　　［B］ prove that talented children “burn themselves out" in the early years

　　［C］ discover the percentage of those mentally ill among the gifted

　　［D］ prove that talented children never burn themselves out

　　【分析】选择项［A］是正确答案。本题提问的是跟踪调查的目的，这当然是为了证明文章的主旨。注意选择项［D］中never表达的意思过于绝对，仔细研究第一段第二句和最后一段，不难发现它们用了are very likely这样的措辞。

　　25. Intelligence tests showed that .

　　［A］ bright children were unlikely to be mentally healthy

　　［B］ between childhood and adulthood there was a considerable loss of intelligence

　　［C］ talented children were most likely to become gifted adults

　　［D］ when talented children grow into adults,they made low scores

　　【分析】选择项［C］是正确答案。本题提问的是调查的发现，这和作者的观点是一致的，只要比较一下选择项［C］与原文第一段第二句和最后一段的措辞就一目了然了。

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