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初中教学参考:as 以其它同类词用法比较
http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/04/05 13:17  英语辅导报

  as在中学英语教材中的用法较多,在教学过程中,笔者发现学生不容易分辨as与其它同类词的用法。为此,本文想分组对比谈谈这方面的问题,供大家教学时参考。

  I. as / while

  as作连词引导时间状语从句时有以下几种用法:

  1.作"一边……一边"解。例如:

  We walked as we sang.我们边走边唱。

  2.作"随着……"解,从句的情景随着as所表达的时间变化而变化。例如:

  They get wiser as they get older.他们会随着年龄的增长而变得更聪明。

  3.主从句的两件事同时发生。例如:

  As I was going out, the telephone

  rang.我正要出去时候,电话铃响了。

  4.表示一个较长的时间背景,主句的情景是在这个时间背景下发生的,既可引导非持续时间状语(瞬间。时间点。有些语法书上说as不能用是不正确的),也可以引导持续时间状语(可以用while或when来替换)。例如:

  He came just as I reached the door.当我刚到达门口的时候,他就来了。

  As he stood there he saw two men enter the house.(as= while= during the time)当他站在那里的时候,他看到两个男人走进了那所房子。

  II. as / though(although)

  连词as在倒装语序中,即:"形容词(副词。名词。动词)+as+主语+……"等于"although+主语+谓语动词(连系动词)+形容词(过去分词)"。例如:

  Angry as he was, he managed to speak calmly.虽然他很生气,但是他讲话很平静。

  Child as he is, he knows a lot.尽管他是个孩子,但懂得很多事情。

  Try as he may, he never succeeds.尽管他很努力,但总是不成功。

  Diligent as he was(=Although he was diligent), he failed in the English exam.尽管他很用功,但还是没通过英语考试。

  值得注意的是:

  ①用倒装语序的as从句既可以表示让步,也可以表示原因,用as的正常语序不能表示"让步"。例如:

  Tired as he was, we decided not to disturb him.由于他很疲劳,我们决定不去打扰他。

  Tired as they were, they went to bed as soon as they came back.由于他们很疲劳,所以一回家就上床睡了。

  ②as倒装语序的从句也可用though来替换,但不能用although替换。例如:

  Poor as he was(= Poor though he was), he was honest.虽然他很穷,但是很诚实。

  III. as / because

  as引导的原因状语从句没有because语气强。一般来说,as表示听者已知或看得见的原因,as不能回答why的问题,也不能在强调句型中作被强调的部分;而because既能回答why的问题,也能在强调句型中成为被强调的成分。试比较:

  As we hadn't any money, we couldn't buy anything to eat.由于我们没有钱,我们不可能买任何东西吃。

  As it is raining hard outside, we have to stay at home.因为外面正在下大雨,我们只好呆在家里。

  I don't want it because it's too big.我不要它,因为它太大了。

  -Why shouldn't I go?我为什么不应当去?

  -Because you're too busy.因为你太忙了。

  IV. as / like

  1. as作"如"、"""像"、"按照"解时,可用作连词引导方式状语从句,即引出另一套主谓结构,like没有这种功能(在非正式用语中偶尔见到)。例如:

  When as Rome, do as the Romans do.入乡随俗。

  Let's study as Lenin studied.让我们像列宁一样学习。

  Please try to write like I do. (非正式用语)请尽量按我这样写。

  2.as和like用作介词时, as表示"作为"、"以……资格";like则表示"像"、"与……相似"。试比较:

  As a scientist, he was dedicated to the truth.作为一名科学家,他献身于真理。

  Like every other student, Tom had difficulty with tenses.像其他每个学生一样,汤姆对于时态的用法有困难。

  3. as和like都可作"例如"解,相当于for instance, such as,二者都能引出同位语。例如:

  I bought a lot of things, like books and clothes.

  Some animals, as dogs and cats, eat meat.有些动物,例如狗和猫是食肉动物。

  V. as / which

  as和which在引导修饰句子的非限制性定语从句时,主要有两个区别:1.由as引导的从句可以置于主句之前或之后,但which引导的从句只能置于主句之后;2.词汇意义有区别:which只作"这"、"这一点"解;as却可作"这"、"这一点"、"正如"、"正像"解,在后两个意义上,它们是不能互换的。试比较:

  As we all know, he is an outstanding worker. = He is an outstanding worker, as(which) we all know.我们都知道,他是一位杰出的工人。

  As is known to the world, Mark Twain was a great American writer.正如全世界所知道的,马·吐温是美国伟大的作家。

  She is very careful, as her work shows.正像她的工作所表明的,她是非常细心的。

  (文/许封琴;英语辅导报初中教师版03~04学年第25期;版权归英语辅导报社所有,独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育,未经许可,不得以任何形式进行转载。)




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