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新浪首页 > 新浪教育 > 英语辅导报社专栏 > which 与其它关系代词在定于从句中的用法比较

which 与其它关系代词在定于从句中的用法比较
http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/04/09 08:36  英语辅导报

  一、关系代词which用来指物,在定语从句中常可与that互换。例如:

  Some warm-blooded animals lead an active life which/that maintains their usual body temperature even in very cold winter.一些温血动物过着活跃的生活,这使它们即使在严寒的冬天都能保持正常的体温。

  A bookstore is a store which / that sells books.书店即卖书的商店。

  二、当which充当关系代词代表前面整个主句意思的时候,在非限制定语从句中可以与as交换使用(但as引导的这类从句可以置于主句之前或之后,which引导的从句只能置于主句之后)。例如:

  He saw her every day, which/as was natural.他天天看见她,那是很自然的。

  He is an outstanding worker, which/as we all know.=As we all know, he is an outstanding worker.我们都知道,他是一位杰出的工人。

  三、传统的语法认为:在含有定语从句的复合句里,当主句的先行词为something, everything, anything, nothing等指物的不定代词时,引导定语从句的关系代词常用that,不用which,但先行词是something时,也可用which引导定语从句。例如:

  They seemed to be eating something which they had cooked on the fire.他们好像正在吃他们在火上烹煮过的东西。

  ... there is something that shines, perhaps bayonets.……有闪闪发亮的东西,可能是刺刀。

  四、有时候,which以介词短语的形式引导非限制性定语从句,并在从句中作定语。例如:

  It rained all night and all day, during which time the ship broke into pieces.雨下了一天一夜,就在此期间,船撞碎了。

  In 1960 he came to London, in which city he has lived ever since. 1960年他来到伦敦,自此在该城一直住到现在。

  Call again at eleven, by which time the meeting should be over.十一点再打电话,到那时会议该结束了。

  五、有时,which引导的定语从句以of which这个短语的形式出现,含这个短语的定语从句既可能是限制性的,也可能是非限制性的。例如:

  The house the roof of which was damaged has now been repaired.房顶损坏的那座房子现在已修好了。

  Once he went to the bookstore and bought some books, most of which were expensive.有一次他去书店买了一些书,其中大部分都是很贵的。

  六、在定语从句中,当关系代词which作介词的宾语时,从语法上说,既可以把介词放在其前,也可以放在从句的末尾。把介词放在which之前的结构是正式语体,而介词放在从句末尾的结构是非正式用语。介词的选用,要取决于先行词。例如:

  Her bag, into which she put all her books, has not been found.她还没有找到她放书的书包。

  Water is something without which man can not live.人的生存离不开水。

  This is the room (which) Churchill was born in.这是丘吉尔出生的房间。

  This is the book he's been looking for.这就是他一直在找的那本书。

  He built a grass wall through which he could watch what went on inside.蜂箱的一面装上玻璃,他可以透过玻璃观察蜜蜂在里面的活动情况。

  七、介词+关系代词which分别能代替when, where, why引导的定语从句,表示时间。地点。原因等。例如:

  I'll never forgot the day when/on which I joined the Party.我永远不会忘记我入党的那一天。

  Do you remember the place where/at which we met our English teacher the day before yesterday。你记得我们前天遇见英语老师的那个地方吗。

  This is the reason why/for which we must go now.那就是我们现在必须走的原因。

  八、介词+关系代词which用来作定语时,介词是复合介词时,一般不能后置。例如:

  The stories about the Long March, of which this is one example, are well written.关于长征的这些故事写得很好,这是其中的一篇范例。

  His wallet, into which he put some money, has been found.他已经找到他放一些钱的钱夹。

  (文/夏铁军;英语辅导报初中教师版03~04学年第23期;版权归英语辅导报社所有,独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育,未经许可,不得以任何形式进行转载。)




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