祈使句何时带主语---两道高考题的启示 |
http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/06/28 15:33 英语辅导报 |
1. [1999-10] -Alice, you feed the bird today, _______ ? -But I fed it yesterday. A. do you B. will you C. didn't you D. don't you 答案为B. 2. [2003-24] -Sorry, Joe. I didn't mean... -Don't call me "Joe". I'm Mr Parker to you, and _______ you forget it! A. do B. didn't C. did D. don't 答案为D. 很多学生对上述两题的答案不理解,原因在于他们没有搞清楚这两题的句式结构。实际上它们是带有主语的祈使句。 那么什么情况下祈使句需要带主语呢? 一、强调主语,为了指明向谁提出请求或命令,或大人对小孩说话。例如: 3. You come with me. (《英语语法难题新探·句法篇》张鑫友 编著 P. 81) 4. You open the door. (ibid) 5. You show the girl what you are doing. (ibid) 6. You sweep the floor, Xiao Wang; you clean the desks, Xiao Li; and the others fetch water. (ibid) 7. You take the seat. (《新编英语语法》修订本下册 章振邦 主编 P. 796) 8. You can take a taxi. (ibid) 9. You put on more clothes. It's very cold outside. (《英语句子辞典》 王福祯 主编 P. 194) 10. You wait a minute. (ibid) 二、表示说话人发怒、不高兴、急躁、厌烦等感情色彩时,往往有训斥的意味。例如: 11. You get out!(《英语语法难题新探·句法篇》P. 81) 12. You mind your own business!(ibid) 13. You be quiet!(《英语惯用法词典》葛传椝 编著2002版 P. 688. 《高级英语语法》下册 薄冰主编 P. 735) 三、当祈使句中有副词in, out, away, off等,而且它们又位于句首时。例如: 14. In you go!(《英语语法难题新探·句法篇》P. 82 《英语惯用法词典》P. 689) 15. Out you come!(ibid) 16. Away you go!(《英语语法难题新探·句法篇》P. 82) 四、不定代词somebody, anybody, nobody, someone, everyone, everybody或名词也可以作主语出现在祈使句的谓语动词之前。例如: 17. Everybody stand up, please!(《英语语法难题新探·句法篇》P. 82) 18. Somebody open the door! (ibid) 19. Everyone shut their eyes. (ibid) 20. Nobody move. (《高级英语语法》下册 P. 736) 21. Jack stand over there. (《新编英语语法》修订本下册 P. 796) 注意:不要混淆祈使句的主语与呼唤语. 呼唤语可以出现在句首、句尾,还可以出现在句中。一般用逗号隔开。而祈使句的主语一般位于谓语前,不用逗号。例如: 22. Helen play on my side. (主语) 23. Helen, play on my side. (呼语)(《新编英语语法》修订本下册 P. 797) 另外,有时呼唤语和主语可以同时出现。例如: 24. John, you listen to me!(John为呼唤语,you是主语)(《英语语法难题新探·句法篇》 P. 83 笔者注:此句与1999年高考题即例1极其相似。) 带有主语的祈使句的否定结构要用don't或never,且要放在主语之前。例如: 25. Don't you open the door.(《高级英语语法》下册P. 735) 26. Don't you forget it!(《英语惯用法大词典》王福祯 主编 P. 1074, 笔者注:此句与2003年高考题即例2极其相似。) 27. Don't you worry about that. (《英语惯用法词典》 P. 688) 28. Never you mind how old she is. (ibid) 29. Don't you be late again next time. (《英语语法难题新探·句法篇》 P. 83) 30. Don't you treat me like a guest. (《英语句子辞典》 P. 197) (文/李翔 高洪强; 英语辅导报高中教师版 03~04学年度第41期;版权归英语辅导报社所有,独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育,未经许可,不得以任何形式进行转载。) |
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