定语从句是高中英语重点语法项目之一,它贯穿整个高中英语学习过程,也是历年来高考的热点,对于学生来说,在使用过程中往往会犯错,但只要掌握定语从句的特点,所有的问题都会迎刃而解。

　　一、定语从句区别于其它从句的特点:定语从句中的关系代词在从句中作主语或宾语等,关系副词作状语。

　　Some of the boys(that/who/whom) I invited didn't come. (宾语)

　　Anyone who breaks the law will be punished. (主语)

　　That is the place where I live now. (状语)

　　二、如何选择关系代词、关系副词

　　关系代词:that,which,who,whom,whose,as

　　关系副词:where,when,why

　　1. The last river that they crossed is two miles wide.

　　先行词被形容词的最高级或all, every, any, little, much, the only, the last等修饰时须用关系代词that作定语从句的关联词。

　　2. She showed me the dictionary for which she paid a lot of money.

　　Abraham Lincoln is a man for whom I have the greatest respect.

　　介词提前的关系代词只能用which或whom。

　　3. Air, which we breathe every day is around us all the time.

　　在非限制性定语从句中,关系代词用which而不用that。

　　4. Please pass me the dictionary whose cover is black.

　　That was my daughter whose hair was dyed black.

　　whose+n. 整体在从句作主语或宾语等。whose+n.=the+n.+of+(which / whom)

　　5. All that is needed is a supply of oil.

　　先行词为all, everything, nothing, anything, little, much等不定代词时,关系代词用that。

　　6. I have bought the same dress as she is wearing.

　　The boy was such a good student as we all liked.

　　The boy was such a good student that we all liked him. (状语从句)

　　在定语从句固定搭配the same...as / such...as,关系代词用as,而such(a)... that...句子是状语从句。

　　7. As is natural, he married Mary.

　　关系代词代替一个句子放在句首和在As is known to us/As we know中,关系代词用as而不用which。

　　8. Those who want to see the film please hand in your money after class.

　　Those who是常见的搭配关系。

　　9. That is the place in which I live.

　　当先行词是地点时;in/at which可以换成where.

　　10. I'll remember the years in which we worked in the factory together.

　　当先行词表时间时,in/at which可以换成when。

　　11. Tell me your reason why you told a lie.

　　当先行词是reason时,关系副词用why。

　　12. It was in 1969 that the American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon.

　　这个句子并非是定语从句,而是It was...that...强调句型。

　　13. There is a good way(that/in which)we can work out the maths problem.

　　当先行词是way,关系词用that, in which或省去关系词。

　　(文/李静； 英语辅导报高中教师版 03~04学年度第41期；版权归英语辅导报社所有，独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育，未经许可，不得以任何形式进行转载。)