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Unit 9 What is it made of

http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/10/13 10:12 新浪教育

　　阅读理解答题步骤与方法(二)

　　4.逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。

　　在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。这就是通常所说的深层理解，主要包括归纳概括题(中心思想，加标题等)和推理判断题。深层理解是一种创造性的思维活动，必须忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，立足已知推断未知，切忌凭空想象，随意揣测，以偏概全。

　　5.猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。

　　猜词是应用英语的重要能力，要准确无误地理解上下文，而且平时要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词、语法、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、上下文等线索确定词义。

　　6.复读核查。

　　答完各题之后，再读一遍短文，瞻前顾后地逐一核对答案。在这一步，应充分利用和注意各题间的相互关联或对应，要着力抓住其中统带整篇的关键题目。

　　Passage 1

　　一、阅读理解

　　One day Benjy went to see his doctor because he was not feeling well.After the doctor looked him over carefully, he said to him happily,“Well, there is nothing really wrong with you.Your only trouble is that you worry too much.I had a man with the same trouble as you a few weeks ago, and I gave him the same advice (建议) as I'm going to give you.① He was worried because he didn't pay the tailor's bill (裁缝的帐).I told him not to worry about the bill any more.Forget it.He followed my advice, and when he came to see me two days ago, he told me he felt quite well again.”

　　“Yes, I know all about that,”answered Benjy sadly.“You see, he hasnt paid me.”

　　①I had a man with the same trouble as you a few weeks ago, and I gave him the same advice as I'm going to give you.几周前我遇见过一个和你有一样病症的人，我给他的建议和我将要给你的一样。

　　根据短文内容填空，每空一词。

　　One day Benjy was not feeling well,1he went to see his doctor.The doctor looked him2, then the doctor was very3to tell Benjy not to4because he had just made a man feel better.That man felt5because he didn't pay the tailors 6.So the doctor7Benjy to follow his advice and8to worry.But it wouldnt work.Benjy was the9.He was worried to10that the man who hadn't paid him was very happy.

　　Passage 2

　　二、阅读理解

　　Students in many countries are learning English.Some of these students are small children.Others are teenagers (少年).Many are adults (成年人).Some learn at school, others by themselves.A few learn English by listening to the language over the radio, on TV, or in films.① One must work hard to learn another language.

　　Why do all these people want to learn English? It is difficult to answer this question.Many boys and girls learn English at school because it is one of their subjects required (要求) for study.They study their own language, maths and English.Some people learn it because it is useful for their work.Many people learn English for their higher studies, because to college or university some of their books are in English.② Other people learn English because they want to read newspapers, magazines in English.

　　①A few learn English by listening to the language over the radio, on TV, or in films.少数人通过收音机、电视或电影听语言来学习英语。

　　②Many people learn English for their higher studies, because to college or university some of their books are in English.许多人为了接受更高层次的教育而学习英语，这是因为上大学的一些书是用英语写的。

　　根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。

　　1.People learn English ____ .

　　A.at school

　　B.over the radio

　　C.on TV

　　D.not all in the same way

　　2.It is ____ to answer why so many people want to learn English.

　　A.hard

　　B.easy

　　C.pleased

　　D.angry

　　3.Different kinds of people want to learn English ____ .

　　A.together with other subjects

　　B.for different reasons

　　C.for their work

　　D.for higher studies at colleges

　　4.From this passage we know that ____ .

　　A.we can learn English easily

　　B.English is very difficult to learn

　　C.English is learned by most people in the world

　　D.English is a useful language but one must work hard to learn it

　　5.Which of the following is RIGHT?

　　A.We don't need to learn any foreign language.

　　B.We can do well in all our work without English.

　　C.English is the most important subject in schools.

　　D.We should learn English because we need to face the world.

　　Passage 3

　　三、阅读理解

　　There are about one thousand (千) five hundred languages in the world.English is one of the most important languages because so many people use it, not only in England and America, but also in other countries of the world.It is difficult to say how many people are learning it.Millions (百万) of boys and girls are trying to do so.

　　Many English children study French.French is also a very important language.Some children study German, Russian, Japanese and Chinese.

　　Which is the best way to learn a foreign language? We know that we all learned our own language well when we were children.If we learn a second language in the same way, it won't seem so difficult.① How does a small child hear his mother tongue (语言)? He listens to what people say, and he tries to guess what he hears.When he wants something, he has to ask for it,and he is using the language, thinking in it and talking in it all the time.If people use a second language all the time, they will learn it quickly.

　　①If we learn a second language in the same way, it wont seem so difficult.如果我们用同样的方法学习第二语言，那就似乎不这么难了。

　　根据短文内容，判断下列句子正(T)误(F)。

　　1.About 1,400 languages are spoken in the world.()

　　2.English is the most important language because many people use it.()

　　3.English is used in England, America and some other countries.()

　　4.It is hard to say the number of people speaking English.()

　　5.All boys and girls are learning English.()

　　6.French is learned by lots of English children.()

　　7.People learned their own language when they were children.()

　　8.The best way for one to learn a language is only to listen to what people say.()

　　9.We wont learn a second language quickly if we dont use it all the time.()

　　10.The best title of this passage is “The Study of Languages”.()

　　Passage 4

　　四、完形填空

　　Lu Xun was one of the greatest1in China.

　　Once Lu Xun spoke to some young people about the study of foreign languages.He said, “You must not give up (放弃) studying foreign languages2even a day.To master (掌握) a language, words and grammar rules (语法规则) are not enough.You must do a lot of3.Take a book and read it4you finish it.At the same time5the words in the dictionaries and study grammar rules.When you read a book, very often you 6it hard to understand.Never mind.Put it away and start another one.In a few months7half a year, go over the first book once again; you are sure8much more than before.Young people have good memories (记忆力).If you learn a few words every day and keep on reading all the time, in four or five years, you will certainly9read books10the foreign language.”

　　根据短文内容，选择能填入空白处的最佳答案。

　　1.A.workers

　　B.singers

　　C.teachers

　　D.writers

　　2.A.in

　　B.for

　　C.over

　　D.of

　　3.A.reading

　　B.read

　　C.to read

　　D.readings

　　4.A.before

　　B.after

　　C.when

　　D.until

　　5.A.look in

　　B.look over

　　C.look up

　　D.look for

　　6.A.find

　　B.see

　　C.got

　　D.think

　　7.A.and

　　B.but

　　C.or

　　D.not

　　8.A.to understand

　　B.understand

　　C.understood

　　D.understanding

　　9.A.can

　　B.able to

　　C.are able to

　　D.be able to

　　10.A.of

　　B.in

　　C.with

　　D.about

　　Passage 1

　　本文主要讲述了Benjy去看医生，医生叫他忘记过度焦虑的事，并告诉他这是以前给一个因欠裁缝的帐而过度焦虑的人用过的方法，这个方法非常灵验。Benjy 却回答医生，他就是那位裁缝。

　　1.so。根据文章内容可确定这两句话有因果关系，所以用so来连接。

　　2.over。look over是一固定短语，意思是“检查(身体)”。

　　3.happy/pleased/glad。根据第一段第二句话中的“happily”可填写此空。

　　4.worry。这句话是“医生非常高兴地告诉Benjy不要担心”之意。

　　5.worried。此空需要一个形容词作felt的表语，根据上下文填写worried一词。

　　6.bill。从原文第一段医生的话语中可知那个人是为裁缝的账单苦恼。

　　7.told。根据上下文填写“told”。

　　8.not。本句话的意思是医生告诉Benjy不必烦恼。

　　9.tailor。根据上下文可判断出Benjy就是那个裁缝。

　　10.see／know。本句话的意思是 “Benjy因为看到那个没有还他钱的人很高兴而烦恼”。根据这句话的意思填写see或者know，意为“看见”或“知道”。

　　Passage 2

　　这是一篇谈学习英语的知识性文章。文章的第一段介绍人们采用不同的方式学习英语，第二段解释了人们学习英语的各种目的与用途。

　　1.D。通过综合归纳第一段所列举的种种事实可以得出A、B、C三个选项均不合题意，应完全排除掉。D项说明人们不总是以同样的方式学习英语，符合第一段的意思和事实。此题为简单的推理判断题。

　　2.A。此题属理解词义题。hard是difficult的同义词。

　　3.B。此题的编制方式同第1题，A、C、D三项属文章第二段所列事实，不能回答题干的设问。

　　4.D。此题综合性很强，是通篇考虑的综合推理题。A、B、C三项内容虽然在一定的情况下成立，但不是文中所涉及的内容，不能回答题干 “From this passage we know that…”的问题。

　　5.D。命题者要求学生判断哪个陈述是正确的，这也属通篇考虑的题目。C项“英语是学校中最重要的科目”，迷惑性可能会更大，但要根据短文内容选择答案，短文中根本未涉及谈论这一科目的重要与否，所以C项应不予考虑。

　　Passage 3

　　本文介绍了在世界上大约1500种语言中，英语、法语、德语、俄语和汉语是非常重要的语言；并介绍了学好一门外语的最佳方法。

　　1.F。根据文章第一段第一句可判断此题答案为错。

　　2.F。文中说英语是最重要的语言之一，而该选题中说英语是最重要的语言。此说法不够准确，因此判断为错。

　　3.T。从文章第一段第二句可判断该题符合原文含义。

　　4.T。该题与文章第一段第三句意思相同，因此判断为正确。

　　5.F。文中说数以百万的男孩和女孩在学英语，而本题说所有的男孩和女孩都在学英语，不符合原文，因此判断为错。

　　6.T。可直接从原文第二段第一句找到答案。

　　7.T。此句与第三段第二句意思相符。

　　8.F。通过阅读第三段可得出答案。

　　9.T。此句与文章最后一句意思相符。

　　10.T。通过仔细阅读文章，可判断该题正确。

　　Passage 4

　　陈酒味醇，老友情深。Old friends and old wines are best.

　　要做金钱的主人，莫作金钱的奴隶。Money is a good servant but a bad master.

　　本文主要记叙了伟大的文学家鲁迅跟年轻人谈学习外语的方法，读罢对同学们学习英语会有所启迪。

　　1.D。众所周知，鲁迅是中国最伟大的作家之一。故答案是D。

　　2.B。for用以表示一段时间，该句意思是“一天都不要放弃学习外语”。

　　3.A。a lot of应修饰名词，故用reading，此处reading是派生词，表示“读书；朗读”。

　　4.D。本句意思是“拿一本书，一直到读完。” 根据句意，用until填空。until是“直到……”的意思。

　　5.C。在字典中查找单词需用“look up”，其他选项意思不符，故排除。

　　6.A。在“动词+it+形容词+to do sth.”句式中，it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词不定式，find和think可用于这种句式中，根据句意，此选项应是A。

　　7.C。or表示“或者”。

　　8.A。be sure to do sth.表示 “必然做某事”或“一定会……”。

　　9.D。can和be able to都表示 “能够”，因此句中有助动词will，所以只能用be able to，表示“将能够”。

　　10.B。“books in the foreign language”表示“用外语编写的书籍”。“in+语言”意为 “用某种语言”。

　　1.English is one of the most important languages because so many people use it, not only in England and America, but also in other countries of the world.英语是最重要的语言之一，因为这么多人使用它，不但在英国和美国，而且在世界上其他国家也使用英语。(Line 1， Passage 3)

　　not only…but also 意为“不但……而且……”，连接两个并列的主语时，谓语动词需与最邻近它的(but also 后的)主语保持一致，这种语法现象称为“就近原则”。例如：

　　Not only he but also I am a student.不但他而且我也是一名学生。

　　另外，There be 句型，either…or(要么……要么……)，neither…nor(既不……也不……)都遵循“就近原则”。例如：

　　There is a pen and some books on the desk.课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。

　　Neither you nor she has been to the Great Wall before.你和她都没去过长城。

　　2.If people use a second language all the time, they will learn it quickly.如果人们一直使用第二语言，他们将学得很快。(Line 12, Passage 3)

　　if 作“如果”解时，引导条件状语从句，若主句用一般将来时，则从句用一般现在时；if作“是否”解时，引导宾语从句。例如：

　　I dont know if he will come.If he comes, I will let you know.我不知道他是否会来。如果他来，我会让你知道的。

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