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Unit 4 Feed the world
http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/10/18 10:27  新浪教育

  明确替代词的指代对象

  英语文章中经常用一些替代词,如it, they, that, those, one, so 以及助动词do来指代文章中的一些词、词组或句子,以避免重复。被指代的内容既可能出现在替代词的前面,也可能出现在替代词的后面。如:

  After they saved enough money, Henry and Susan wanted to buy a house. So they did. The floor plan was almost the same as that of Susan's parents home, where she had lived as a child. Buying it was not easy for the young couple. For years they worked hard day and night.

  明确替代词的指代对象,有助于我们在阅读中正确清楚地理解和把握作者的意图,也能顺利地解答高考中What does the underlined “it” in the last paragraph refer to? 这一类题型。

  Passage 1

  阅读理解…………………………………………………………………

  The number of people receiving food assistance (援助) in Asia rose to a new record high during the first half of this year.① The United Nations World Food Program② says this is because of an increase in natural disasters throughout the area. They include floods in Bangladesh, Cambodia and Laos, and an earthquake in India.

  Catherine Bertini is the executive director (常务理事) of the World Food Program. She estimates (估计) the program has helped almost 35 million hungry people in Asia so far this year. This is a 16 percent increase, up from almost 30 million people during the same period last year.

  The World Food Program has emergency (紧急情况) and development operations in twelve countries throughout Asia. The largest is in North Korea, when more than 8 million people are receiving aids. This is almost one third of North Korea's population. Most of the victims (受害者) are farmers and their families. They have suffered through several years of floods, food shortages, and severe dry conditions.

  Miss Bertini says Indonesia also received more food aid this year. During the early 1990's, Indonesia exported (出口) food to other countries. However, millions of people were affected by the Asian financial crisis (金融危机) in 1997. The crisis created hunger problems for people living in cities throughout Indonesia.

  注释

  ………………………………

  ①...rose to a new record high during the first half of this year. ……在今年上半年超记录迅速增长。

  ②the World Food Program 世界粮食计划署 (联合国的一个部门)

  根据文章内容,选择正确答案:

  1.What's the best title of this passage?

  A.Food Assistance in Asia

  B.The World Food Program

  C.Hungry People in Asia

  D.Natural Disasters Cause Hunger

  2.Indonesia received more food aid because ____ .

  A.there are too many hungry people in the country

  B.there are natural disasters

  C.it exported food to other countries

  D.it suffered from the Asian financial crisis

  3.Which of the following is TRUE about Miss Bertini?

  A.She works for the UN.

  B.She estimates that AIDS is spreading faster in Asia.

  C.She helps 35 million hungry people in Asia.

  D.She says the number of hungry people in Asia increased by 16 percent.

  Passage 2

  阅读理解…………………………………………………………………

  The World Trade Organization (WTO), founded on January 1,1995, aims to encourage international trade to flow as freely as possible, making sure trade agreements are respected and that any disputes (纷争) can be settled.

  In the five years since its founding, the WTO has become well known as one of the world's most powerful economic organizations, taking its place alongside the World Bank and International Monetary Fund.①

  The system of global rules for international trade, however, dates back half a century to 1948 when the General Agreement on Tariffs (关税) and Trade (GATT)② was formed after World War II.

  As time went by, it became clear that the GATT had two major drawbacks — the limited areas of trade it covered, and the lack of an effective system to settle disputes.

  After seven years of trade talks ending in 1994, the socalled Uruguay Round finally gave birth to the WTO, complete with an effective system to settle disputes and new rules covering trade in services and intellectual property (知识产权).

  Even after seven years of talks and 22,500 pages of agreements there were still problems, especially the difficulty to deal with areas of agriculture and services, which the member nations agreed to revise (修订) in 2000.

  The WTO, with its head office in Geneva, has 150 members with 30 more waiting to join.

  注释

  ………………………………

  ①...taking its place alongside the World Bank and International Monetary Fund. ……和世界银行和国际货币基金会齐头并进。

  ②the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) 关贸总协定

  根据文章内容,选择正确答案:

  1.From the passage we know that the GATT stopped working ____ .

  A. soon after World War II ended

  B. just in the year 1994

  C. a little more than 50 years after World War II

  D. seven years before the Uruguay Round talk

  2.Compared with GATT, the WTO ____ .

  A. can do better to settle disputes in more areas of international trade

  B. gets its members to sign the agreements more easily

  C. has got too many areas of international trade to deal with

  D. didn't pay enough attention to services and intellectual property

  3. In the new century the WTO will ____ .

  A. take the place of the World Bank and International Monetary Fund

  B. have new rules covering trade in services and intellectual property

  C. make complete new rules in every area of international trade

  D. have more members and do much more to settle more problems

  4. The underlined word “drawbacks” probably means ____ .

  A. weak points B. changes

  C. advantagesD. improvements

  Passage 3

  阅读理解…………………………………………………………………

  All right! Enough cookies, cola, and chips! It seems that junk food① is all that the children want to eat these days. Television controls their tastes. The kids see wellknown people eating potato chips, candy and other ready food, and they want to be like their heroes. How do they do it? They eat the same food. I wish there were more characters like old Popeye, the sailor, who ate spinach (菠菜) and not French fries.

  Now I don't expect my children to eat healthy food because I like brown rice, beans, and fresh vegetables. I'm glad to cook traditional meals of meat and potatoes for them. I really can't be too upset with the kids because most adults arent careful about what they eat.② The other night, my wife and I went to a party where there was plenty to drink but very little for us to eat. They served hot dogs and hamburgers. I can't eat hot dogs, with all those preservatives (防腐剂), and hamburgers are filled with chemicals so that they look better. Besi

  des the meat, they had sugarfilled cookies and cake, and of course, chips. I don't want the world to change because of me, but I think people should realize that there are alternatives(选择)to eating meat. They always tell me that I probably don't get my necessary proteins (蛋白质). I feel better than ever and I'm sure that its because I'm a vegetarian (素食者). I would really like to see more television advertisements which show the benefits of good, healthy, natural food.

  注释

  ………………………………

  ①junk food 垃圾食品;无营养食品。指热量高、添加剂多但营养价值低的快餐食品,如汉堡、热狗、炸薯条、土豆片和汽水等。

  ②I really can't be too upset with the kids because most adults aren't careful about what they eat. 我非常为孩子们难过,因为大多数成年人并不关心他们吃什么。 cannot be...too 再……也不过分。

  根据文章内容,选择正确答案:

  1. According to the passage, it seems that ____ .

  A. canned food is the only one that the kids enjoy most

  B. children like to have fried chicken only

  C. the kids prefer to have cold drinks not junk food

  D. children like nothing better than junk food: cookies and chips

  2. Hamburgers look better ____ .

  A. but taste bad

  B. because they are treated with chemicals

  C. and the writer expects the children to eat them

  D. so the writer prefers them to hot dogs

  3. The writer is a vegetarian, so people doubt very much ____ .

  A. why he goes to the party

  B. whether he gets enough proteins

  C. whether he allows his children to eat meat

  D. whether he is healthy and strong

  Passage 4

  完形填空…………………………………………………………………

  The Red Cross is an international organization who cares for people who are in need of help. A man in a Paris 1 who needs blood, a woman in Mexico who was 2 in an accident, and 3 in India that lost their 4 in a storm may all be 5 by the Red Cross. The Red Cross 6 in almost every country around the 7 . The world Red Cross organizations are sometimes 8 the Sun or the Red Lion. All of these organizations 9 a common aim of 10 to help people in need.①

  The idea of 11 an organization to help the sick and wounded during a war was 12 by Joan Dunant. In 1859, he 13 how people were 14 on a battlefield in Italy. He wanted to help all the wounded people 15 which side they were fighting for. ② The most important 16 of his work was an international treaty (条约). It 17 prisoners of war, the sick and the wounded, and other 18 during a war. Dunant received the first Nobel Peace Prize in 1901.

  The American Red Cross was 19 by Lara Barton in 1881. Today the Red Cross in the United States provides a number of 20 for the public.

  注释

  ………………………………

  ①All of these organizations share a common aim of trying to help people in

  need. 所有这些组织有一个共同的目标:尽力去帮助需要援助的人们。

  ②He wanted to help all the wounded people no matter which side they were fi

  ghting for. 他想要帮助所有的伤员,不管他们是为哪一方而战。

  根据文章内容,选择正确答案:

  1. A. hospitalB. marketC. hotelD. restaurant

  2. A. woundB. injuredC. dangerousD. destroyed

  3. A. a familyB. a childC. a farmerD. the police

  4. A. parentsB. homeC. moneyD. way

  5. A. helpedB. servedC. savedD. treated

  6. A. sets upB. appearsC. liesD. exists

  7. A. continentsB. citiesC. worldD. universe

  8. A. toldB. saidC. regardedD. called

  9. A. supplyB. supportC. shareD. spare

  10. A. insistingB. joiningC. managingD. trying

  11. A. enteringB. joiningC. formingD. making

  12. A. startedB. putC. carriedD. brought

  13. A. rememberedB. researchedC. observedD. watched

  14. A. fightingB. sufferingC. poorD. ill

  15. A. onB. forC. no matterD. about

  16. A. progressB. resultC. discoveryD. experience

  17. A. offersB. encouragesC. protectsD. catches

  18. A. patientsB. citizensC. prisonersD. workers

  19. A. raisedB. closedC. set upD. accepted

  20. A. informationB. servicesC. wealthD. materials

  Passage 1

  本文讲述了联合国世界粮食计划署对一些连年遭受自然灾害的亚洲国家的食品援助。

  1.A根据文章的第一句可推断出答案。

  2.D从“...millions of people were affected by the Asian financial crisis...”可得知,

  亚洲的金融危机对印度尼西亚产生了巨大的影响。

  3.ACatherine Bertini 是the World Food Program的常务理事,这在第二段第一句有交代。

  Passage 2

  世界贸易组织(WTO)是一个国际组织。本文比较了世界贸易组织和它的前身关贸总协定,突出了世贸组织的优点和发展趋势。

  1.B从第五段可知答案。give birth to 意为“出生;开始;起源”。

  2.A由第四、第五段可得知,WTO可更好地解决国际贸易争端。

  3.D文章最后两段有提示。

  4.A根据破折号后面的内容可推测出drawbacks 相当于“缺点,弱点”。

  Passage 3

  本文叙述了当今的孩子们受媒体广告的影响,只喜欢吃饼干、可乐、薯条之类的食物。

  作者希望电视广告能宣传一些健康的、天然的食品的好处。

  1.D作者认为现在孩子们吃的都是junk food。

  2.B从“...hamburgers are filled with chemicals so that they look better.”中可得出答案B。

  3.B从“They always tell me that I probably dont get my necessary proteins.” 中可得出答案。

  Passage 4

  1864年,日内瓦公约的签署标志着国际红十字会的诞生。本文介绍了国际红十字会这一组织的历史和它在世界上所发挥的积极作用。

  1.A根据上下文可知是某地医院的人需要血。

  2.B事故中受伤用be injured。

  3.A此处表示一个家庭失去了家园,由后面的their可排除B、C项。

  4.Bhome意为“家园”。

  5.A得到红十字会的援助。

  6.D动词exist 意为“存在”,用主动语态,而set up 需用被动语态。

  7.Caround the world 意为“全世界”,相当于all over the world。

  8.Dbe called 意为“被称为”。

  9.Cshare a common aim of... 有一个共同的目标。

  10.Dtry to do尽力做某事, manage to do设法做成了某事。此处意为“尽力去帮助需要帮助的人”。

  11.Cform an organization 意为“成立一个组织”。

  12.Astart 意为“创办;开始”。

  13.C动词observe 意为“注意到;观察到”,而watch 表示“注视;监视”。

  14.B动词suffer 意为“受痛苦”。

  15.C让步状语从句no matter which side they were fighting for 意为“不管他们为哪一方而战”。

  16.Bthe most important result of his work 是指“他工作中的最主要的成果”。

  17.C条约的内容是保护囚犯、伤员和病人等等。

  18.B此处是指战争中除囚犯、伤员和病人以外的其他公民。

  19.Cset up意为“建立”。

  20.B在美国,红十字会给公众提供了大量的服务。

  1. I really can't be too upset with the kids... 我非常为孩子们难过。(Paragraph 2, Passage 3)

  cannot...too 或can never...too表示“无论怎样……也不过分”或“应尽量……”等意思。

  I can't thank you too much. 我对你感激不尽。

  A woman can never have too many suits. 女人买再多衣服也不过分。

  While driving a car, you cannot be too careful. 开汽车的时候,你必须十分小心。

  2. Besides the meat, they had sugarfilled cookies and cake, and of course, chips. 除了肉,他们还有含糖量很高的饼干和蛋糕,当然还有薯条。(Paragraph 2, Passage 3)

  注意英语中表示“除了……”的几个词的区别:

  besides 表示“除了……之外还有”,通常与also, other, else连用。

  Besides Wang Ping, we also went to see the film. 除了王平,我们也去看了电影。

  except 表示“只有……除外”。

  We all went to see the film except Wang Ping. 我们都去看了电影,只有王平没去。

  except for 表示“除了因为……”,主要是对主语中的细节部分进行修正。

  The composition is very good except for some spelling mistakes. 除了一些拼写错误之外,这作文写得很好。

  except that/when 是连接词,后接从句。

  This suit fits me well except that the trousers are too long. 除了裤子太长外,这套衣服很适合我。

  but 与except 同义,常用在否定句和疑问句中。

  I can do nothing but lie down and sleep. 我除了躺下睡觉之外什么也不能做。


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