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Unit 7 Angkor Wat

http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/10/18 10:29 新浪教育

　　略读

　　略读(skimming)是利用较短的时间粗略地阅读全文的阅读策略，其主要目的就是迅速抓住文章的主旨大意或作者的写作意图。这是一种高效的、有选择性的、有针对性的阅读技巧。掌握略读这一技巧的关键就在于学会在阅读过程中区别文章重要部分和非重要部分以

　　及全局性部分和枝节部分。一些次要信息要大胆略去不读，迅速找出topic sentence，即找出概括全段大意的句子。

　　我们在运用这一方法阅读文章时要特别注意：①文章的标题；②文章的首句或引导性段落；③文章尾部的结论性语句；④反映段落中心思想的主题句。如果我们找到了每段的主题句，再将这些主题句集中在一起，就差不多能够把握住全文的中心内容了。

　　Passage 1

　　阅读理解…………………………………………………………………

　　The oldest stone buildings in the world are the pyramids(金字塔). They have stood for nearly 5,000 years, and it seems likely that they will continue to stand for thousands of years yet. There are over eighty of them scattered (散布) along the banks of the Nile①, some of which are different in shape from the true pyramids. The most famous of these are the “Step” pyramid and the “Bent” pyramid.

　　Some of the pyramids still look as much alike as they must have been when they were built thousands of years ago. Most of the damage suffered by the others has been at the hands of men who were looking for treasure or, more often, for stones to use in modern buildings.② The dry climate of Egypt has helped to keep the pyramids in good condition, and their very shape has made them less likely to fall into ruin.③ These are good reasons why they can still be seen today, but perhaps the most important is that they were planned to last forever.

　　The “Step” pyramid had to be on the west side of the Nile, the side on which the sun set. This was for spiritual reasons. It also had to stand well above the level of the river to protect it against the regular floods. It could not be too far from the Nile, however, as the stones to build it needed to be carried in boats down the river to the nearest point. Water transport was, of course, much easier than land transport. The builders also had to find a rock base, which was not likely to crack (破裂) under the great weight of the pyramid. Finally, it had to be near the capital, or better still near the kings palace so that he could visit it easily to personally check the progress being made on the final resting place for his body.

　　注释

　　………………………………

　　① along the bank of the Nile 沿着尼罗河(非洲东北部河流)河岸。

　　② Most of the damage suffered by the others has been at the hands of men who were looking for treasure or, more often, for stones to use in modern buildings. 其它的金字塔所遭受的损害大部分出自于那些寻宝人之手，事实上更

　　多的时候，他们是寻找可用于现代建筑中的石头。

　　③ ...their very shape has made them less likely to fall into ruin. ……它们的这种形状使它们不太可能倒塌。

　　根据文章内容，选择正确答案：

　　1. According to the passage, the “Step” pyramid ____ .

　　A. is unlikely to fall into ruin in the near future

　　B. was built on the sands along the Nile

　　C. is one that was built later than the true pyramids

　　D. is the most famous of the true pyramids

　　2.The most important reason why some pyramids remain in good condition i

　　s that ____ .

　　A. people have taken good care of them

　　B. it doesn't rain often in Egypt

　　C. they were well designed

　　D. the government has protected them from damage

　　3. Most of the damage to the pyramids has been caused by ____ .

　　A. the regular floods

　　B. the dry climate of Egypt

　　C. the special shape of the pyramids

　　D. people in search of building materials

　　4. The Egyptians built the pyramids along the banks of the Nile because ____ .

　　A. they believed in their god

　　B. it was difficult to find a large rock base far from the Nile

　　C. the river helped a lot in the transport of building materials

　　D. it was not easy to choose a suitable place for the pyramids

　　Passage 2

　　阅读理解…………………………………………………………………

　　The Erie Canal (运河) was the first important national waterway built in the US. It crossed New York from Buffalo on Lake Erie Troy to Albany on the Hudson River. It joined the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean. The canal served as a route over which industrial goods could flow into the west, and materials could pour into the east. The Erie Canal helped New York develop into the nation's largest city.

　　The building of the canal was paid for entirely by the state of New York. It cost $7,143,789, but it soon gained its price many times over.① Between 1825, when the canal was opened, and 1882, when toll charges (过运河费) were stopped, the state collected $121,461,891.

　　For a hundred years before the Erie Canal was built, people had been talking about a canal which could join the Great Lakes and the Atlantic Ocean. The man who planned the Erie Canal and carried the plan through was De Witt Clinton. Those who were against the canal laughingly called it “Clintons Ditch (沟)”. Clinton talked and wrote about the canal and drew up plans for it. He and Governor Morris went to Washington in 1812 to ask for help for the canal, but they were unsuccessful.

　　Clinton became governor of New York in 1817, and shortly afterwards, on July 4,1817, broke ground② for the canal in Rome, N.Y.The first part of the canal was completed in 1820. As the canal grew, towns along its course developed fast.③ The length of the canal is 363 miles.

　　注释

　　………………………………

　　① ..., but it soon gained its price many times over. ……但是很快它赚回的就超过了造价的很多倍。

　　② break ground 破土动工。

　　③ As the canal grew, towns along its course developed fast. 随着运河的延伸，河

　　道沿岸的城镇也迅速发展起来。

　　根据文章内容，选择正确答案：

　　1. We can see that the Erie Canal ____ .

　　A. joined the Great Lakes together

　　B. crossed New York from north to south

　　C. played an important part in developing New York City

　　D. was the first waterway built in the US

　　2. It can be inferred that ____ flows into the Atlantic Ocean.

　　A. the Great Lakes

　　B. the Hudson River

　　C. Lake Erie

　　D. the Erie Canal

　　3. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

　　A. Clinton broke ground for the canal at both ends.

　　B. Clinton started building the canal before he became governor.

　　C. All parts of the canal were completed at the same time.

　　D. Construction of the canal took eight years.

　　Passage 3

　　阅读理解…………………………………………………………………

　　The tower of Big Ben, London's most famous building, has always leaned (倾斜) slightly, but construction work on a new line for the London Underground(地铁)seemed likely to give the tower a real lean. Engineers have had to prop up (支撑) its base to prevent it from damaging the rest of the Houses of Parliament.①

　　To control the towers movement, engineers pumped grout (水泥浆) into the soil under the tower. The tower now leans an extra few centimeters, but the lean can only be seen by the most sharpeyed observer.

　　Between 1995 and 1997, to lengthen the Jubilee line of the Underground, builders dug a 40metredeep hole just 31 metres north of the clock tower. And the new tube (underground) tunnels were even nearer to the tower. John Burland, who recently helped stop the increasing lean in the Leaning Tower of Pisa and was an adviser to the Jubilee line project, believed the work would affect the tower. In his opinion, no further lean should go beyond a safety limit of 27.5 millimetres over the existing lean of 220 millimetres.

　　To keep the lean within this limit, Burland told the British Association about the new method of pumping grout immediately under the base of the tower. More than 300 tons of grout was pumped in during construction. The tower's extra lean went between 10 and 25 millimetres, but never passed 27.5 millimetres.

　　After the construction work was completed in late 1997, a review of movements in nearby walls showed that the building was in better shape than had been thought before and the safety limit was raised to 35 millimetres before any action needs to be taken.②

　　Since 1997, the tower has continued to lean, Burland told Modern Construction. The latest measurements, taken this year, suggest that the tower's lean had just reached 35 millimetres. But following regular reexaminations of the tower, experts are sure that the tower has stabilised (稳定). A spokesman for London Underground says,“We understand the tower has stabilized and returned to its normal movement cycle.”

　　From Modern Construction, 16 September，2000

　　注释

　　………………………………

　　① the Houses of Parliament 议会两院。

　　② ...the building was in better shape than had been thought before and the safety limit was raised to 35 millimetres before any action needs to be taken. ……这座建筑物要比先前预料的状况好；而且在采取措施之前的安全限度增加到了35毫米。

　　根据文章内容，选择正确答案：

　　1.What does the word “review” (in Paragraph 5) mean?

　　A. Observation.B. Description.

　　C. Discussion.D. Reexamination.

　　2.What was the existing lean of the tower at the time when the article was written?

　　A. 220 millimetres.

　　B. 255 millimetres.

　　C. 35 millimetres.

　　D. 27.5 millimetres.

　　3.We can infer from the article that ____ .

　　A. the tower of Big Ben will damage the Houses of Parliament

　　B. the Jubilee line should be stopped in Burlands opinion

　　C. the writer is blaming Burland for making a mistake

　　D. the propping up work has proved to be successful

　　Passage 4

　　完形填空…………………………………………………………………

　　From Monday until Friday, most people are busy working or studying. However, in the evening and on weekends they are free to relax (放松) and 1 themselves. Some watch television 2 go to the cinema,and others take part in sports. It 3 on individual (个人的) interests. There are many different 4 to spend our

　　5 time.

　　Almost everyone 6 some kind of hobby(爱好). It may be 7 from collecting stamps to 8 model airplanes. Some hobbies are very expensive, while others are valuable 9 to their owners.

　　I know a man who has a 10 collection 11 several thousand dollars. A short time ago, he bought a 12 fifty cent piece worth $250! He was very 13 about his purchase (购买) and thought the price was reasonable. On the other hand, my youngest brother 14 match boxes. He has almost 600 of them but I doubt if they are worth 15 money. However, to 16 they are extremely valuable. Nothing 17 him happier than to find a new match box for his collection.

　　That's what a hobby 18, I guess. It is something we like to do 19 our spare time simply for the 20 of it. The value in dollars is not important, but the pleasure it gives us is.②

　　注释

　　………………………………

　　① a fifty cent piece worth $250 一枚价值250美元的50分硬币。

　　② The value in dollars is not important, but the pleasure it gives us is. 用金钱所能衡量的价值并不重要，重要的是爱好本身带给我们的快乐。

　　根据文章内容，选择正确答案：

　　1. A. enjoy B. like C. help D. sleep

　　2. A. andB. butC. soD. or

　　3. A. liesB. worksC. dependsD. waits

　　4. A. ideasB. waysC. placesD. periods

　　5. A. fullB. workC. spareD. busy

　　6. A. likesB. hasC. findsD. develops

　　7. A. nothingB. everythingC. somethingD. anything

　　8. A. makingB. buyingC. sellingD. inventing

　　9. A. onlyB. especiallyC. fullyD. simply

　　10. A. stampsB. coinsC. moneyD. ring

　　11. A. withB. includingC. worthD. of

　　12. A. commonB. usualC. rareD. new

　　13. A. happyB. carefulC. worriedD. anxious

　　14. A. gathersB. picks outC. choosesD. collects

　　15. A. someB. anyC. noD. much

　　16. A. meB. othersC. my brotherD. my family

　　17. A. makesB. letsC. keepsD. helps

　　18. A. isB. meansC. includesD. remains

　　19. A. forB. toC. on D. in

　　20. A. benefitB. goodC. funD. money

　　Passage 1

　　本文主要介绍了埃及的金字塔能保存长久的原因及其中被称为Step的金字塔建立在尼罗河西侧的原因。

　　1.A从第一段第二句话可以得出答案。

　　2.C原因有很多，但最重要的是合理的设计。可从第二段最后一句得出答案。

　　3.D根据第二段中“more often” 可以判定，造成损坏最主要的原因是人们偷取建筑材料。

　　4.C从文中最后一段可知，水路运输显然要比陆路运输容易得多。

　　Passage 2

　　1825年建成的伊利运河，长363英里，对美国的中西部经济的早期开发起到了重要作用。本文主要介绍了美国的伊利运河的建设过程及对纽约的发展所起的作用。

　　1.C从文中第一段最后一句可知，伊利运河帮助纽约发展成为全国最大的城市。

　　2.B伊利运河的终点是the Hudson River，而运河本身又把五大湖和大西洋相连，由此可推断出B答案。

　　3.D从文中可知，伊利运河于1817年开工，1825年投入使用，故选D。

　　Passage 3

　　大本钟于1859年建成，是伦敦市的标志以及英国的象征。本文主要介绍了为了阻止大本钟因地铁建造而引起的过度倾斜所进行的支撑工程。

　　1.D从上下文来看，此处review是指在工程完工之后，对附近墙体的运动作了重新检测。

　　2.B从文中第三段可知，1995年至1997间，钟塔的倾斜度已达220毫米；而最后一段提及，塔新增的倾斜度是35毫米。因此钟塔目前的倾斜度应是255毫米。

　　3.D从文中最后一段可知，经过对钟塔的常规检测，专家们肯定钟塔是稳定的，这证明支撑工程是成功的。

　　Passage 4

　　本文主要讨论了人们不同的兴趣爱好——它们与金钱无关，重要的是人们从中获得的乐趣。

　　1.A根据前文的relax可知，晚上和周末应该玩得愉快。enjoy oneself 是固定搭配。

　　2.D空格前后为选择关系。

　　3.Cdepend on “取决于”。

　　4.B上下文讲述的是度过业余时间的具体做法。

　　5.C呼应上下文，度过我们的业余时间。

　　6.B几乎每个人都有某一种爱好。

　　7.D一个人的兴趣爱好可能是任何一件事。

　　8.A只有making model airplanes可以称得上是一种兴趣爱好。

　　9.A有些兴趣爱好价值连城，而另一些只对其主人有价值。

　　10.B从下文“fifty cent piece”和“dollars”可以得出答案。

　　11.C值好几千美元。

　　12.Crare 意为“罕见的”。因为罕见，所以才珍贵。

　　13.A从下文可知，此人认为价格合理，所以他对自己所购得的硬币是很满意的。

　　14.Dcollect match boxes 收集火柴盒。

　　15.B根据but的转折语气可以得出答案，怀疑是否值钱。

　　16.C从上文信息“my youngest brother”可得出答案。

　　17.Amake...happy 意为“让……开心”。

　　18.B我猜想这就是爱好的意义所在。

　　19.Din one's spare time 是固定搭配，意为“在某人闲暇时”。

　　20.C只是为了娱乐，而不是为了钱财。

　　1. ...and it seems likely that they will continue to stand for thousands of years yet. ……然而看上去它们似乎还将在那儿耸立几千年。

　　(Paragraph 1, Passage 1)

　　形容词likely(有可能的)常用在以下两个句型中：

　　(1) be likely to do... 可能会做……

　　It is likely to rain tonight. 今晚可能会下雨。

　　He isnt likely to win. 他不可能会赢。

　　(2) It is/seems likely that... 可能会……

　　It is likely that he will be late. 他可能会迟到。(=He is likely to be late.)

　　2. He has almost 600 of them but I doubt if they are worth any money. 他拥有近60

　　0个火柴盒，但我怀疑这些东西是否值钱。(Paragraph 3, Passage 4)

　　动词doubt(怀疑，不确定)后可接不同的宾语从句，肯定句常接if/whether引导的

　　宾语从句，但否定句和疑问句通常接that引导的宾语从句。

　　I doubt whether/if he will keep his promise. 我怀疑他是否会遵守诺言。

　　I dont doubt that our team will win. 我队会获胜是毫无疑问的。

　　Do you doubt that he will win? 你不相信他会获胜吗?

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