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Unit 8 A person of great determination

http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/10/18 10:30 新浪教育

　　查读

　　查读(scanning)也称为扫描式阅读，是指用较短的时间快速扫视文章，查找具体信息或相关事实与细节的阅读技巧。查读有一定的目的性，是带着问题寻找答案的阅读方法，在考试中具有很高的实用价值。

　　运用查读方法时，我们首先要了解需要回答何种问题。我们可先在问题中找出二至三个关键词语，用作答案的指示牌。然后到文章中迅速扫描，以确定答案可能所在的区域，最后将文章中与之匹配的部分标出，确定正确答案。

　　在查读过程中，我们可以一目十行地快速扫描整篇文章，也可用手指或钢笔从左至右逐行快速移动，同时眼睛要紧随其移动，查看所要寻找的具体内容，对那些与想要查找的信息无关的内容可一带而过甚至不必阅读。

　　Passage 1

　　阅读理解…………………………………………………………………

　　He is the most famous business man in the world. He is also the richest man in the world—worth and estimated (估价) $40 billion in 1997 according to Forbes magazine. Without a doubt, Bill Gates is one of the most important minds of our era (世纪)—the Thomas Edison of our time. He has dominated the revolution in personal computering and is selfdescribed “hardcoretechnoid” and “workaholic” (工作狂).

　　He was born in Seattle, Washington on Oct. 28th, 1955 to an upper middleclass family. Gates attended Seattle's exclusive Lakeside School, where he was first introduced to computers and to programming languages in the eighth grade. In 1972, Gates and his fellow student Paul Allen founded TrafOData, a company that designed and built computerized carcounting machines① for traffic analysis (分析). In 1979, Microsoft had 15 employees, but today Microsoft has grown to nearly 18,000 employees. It is now the leading computer software company in the United States. The company's success made Gates one of the most influential (有影响力的) figures in the computer industry and one of the richest people in the world.

　　Formerly a bachelor devoted only to his business and fast cars,② Gates married Microsoft executive (经理) Melinda French on January 7, 1994. They have a daughter named Jennifer, born in April, 1996. In 2000 Gates gave the title of CEO to Ballmer③. While remaining chairman, Gates also took on the title of chief software architect to focus on the development of new products and technologies.

　　Bill Gates said,“When I was 19, I caught sight of the future and based my career on what I saw. I turned out to have been right.”

　　注释

　　………………………………

　　①computerized carcounting machines 由计算机控制的车辆核算机器。

　　②Formerly a bachelor devoted only to his business and fast cars... 以前他是一个只热衷于他的事业和赛车的单身汉……

　　③CEO 执行总裁(Chief Executive Officer的缩写)。

　　根据文章内容，选择正确答案：

　　1. We can learn from the passage that Bill Gates is ____ .

　　A. the richest man in the world

　　B. a workaholic

　　C. the most wellknown businessman in the world

　　D. all of above

　　2. TrafOData was founded by ____ .

　　A. Bill GatesB. Bill Gates and Paul Allen

　　C. Microsoft

　　D. Melinda French

　　3.At the very beginning, Bill's company worked at ____ .

　　A. computerized machines for traffic

　　B. computers for traffic

　　C. computer programming

　　D. programming language

　　4. The last paragragh of the passage suggests that ____ .

　　A. Bill is a strongminded person

　　B. Bill is a workaholic

　　C. Bill is a farsighted person

　　D. Bill is the most famous man

　　Passage 2

　　阅读理解…………………………………………………………………

　　Erik Weihenmayer wants to climb Mount Everest①. He loves to climb, and there is no place greater for climbers than the Himalayan peak of 29,035 feet, the worlds highest mountain.

　　Weihenmayer is blind. He has been blind since age 13, when an eye disease robbed him of his sight. His new book, Touch the Top of the World, A blind Man's Journey to Climb Farther than the Eye Can See, describes his blindness and climbing. He is the first blind man to attempt Everest. The team reached base camp at 17,800 feet last Wednesday and began its climb on Saturday. If all goes well, Weihenmayer will reach the top on or about May 15.

　　“I'm not just some token(象征性的)blind guy,” Weihrnmayer, aged 32, said hours before he left Los Angeles on Friday for Katmandu, Nepal②.“I put my life in my fellow climbers hands, and they put their lives in my hands. It's an honour to reach that state.”

　　“I want to experience the sense of adventure. Blindness has nothing to do with that. But a message of the climb is that a blind person can join a team and climb the highest mountain in the world.”

　　Weihenmayer has climbed the highest peaks on four continents: North America's Mount McKinley, South America's Aconcagua, Africa's Kilimanjaro and Antarctica's Vinson Massif. He is an expert rock and ice climber, having scaled (攀登) EL Capitan in Yosemite National Park. When he was 16, he attended a school that taught blind people to be independent. One day, a group went rock climbing. “I really liked it,” Weihenmayer said, “You can solve problems. It is pretty sense in your inner mind.③ People didnt think blind people could go out and become expert rock climbers.”

　　注释

　　……………………………

　　① Mount Everest 珠穆朗玛峰(属喜玛拉雅山脉the Himalaya，为世界最高峰。)

　　② Katmandu, Nepal 尼泊尔首都加德满都。

　　③ You can solve problem. It is pretty sense in your inner mind. 你可以解决问题。这是一种发自于内心的很美好的感觉。

　　根据文章内容，选择正确答案：

　　1. Which of the following sentences is NOT true?

　　A. Weihenmayer has been blind for almost 19 years.

　　B. Weihenmayer is the first man to climb Mount Everest.

　　C. Mountain climbers think it great to conquer the Himalayan peak.

　　D. Weihenmayer might have begun his dream when he was in his teens.

　　2. The distance between the top of Mount Everest and the team camp was probably ____ .

　　A. 29,035 feet

　　B. 11,235 feet

　　C. 17,800 feet

　　D. not told in the passage

　　3. Weihenmayer ____ .

　　A. likes the sense of being dependent on other people now that he is blind

　　B. will have climbed the highest mountains on four continents after climbing Mount Everest

　　C. loves climbing because he wants to enjoy the sense of adventure of problemsolving

　　D. and his teammates will reach the top of Mount Everest exactly on May 15

　　Passage 3

　　阅读理解…………………………………………………………………

　　It is a wellknown fact that those who suffer from stress (压力) at work are often unskilled workers doing uninteresting, repetitive (重复的) jobs, especially those on production lines. Many of them have already turned to medicines to fight against sleeplessness and fear about the future, two of the signs of longterm stress and depression. In Britain, people spend 650 million pounds a year on different kinds of medicines. About onethird of this is spent on those medicines dealing with stress and depression. People take three million sleeping pills every night. Although these “drugs of the mind” can be extremely useful in cases of crisis (危机), most patients would be better off ① without them.

　　There are many causes of stress: uninteresting work, unemployment, poor housing, family problems, overcrowding and financial (经济的) worry are all important factors. Nevertheless, doctors believe that if people learnt to breathe properly, took more exercise, used their free time more actively and expressed their anger instead of holding it in, they would not depend so much on drugs, which treat only the outward signs and not the cause of the stress.② If doctors refused prescriptions (处方) more often and discouraged patients with small illnesses from visiting them, the country would have more money to spend in improving leisure facilities (设备) and adult education, which are not enough at present in many parts of the country. Moreover, doctors would have more time to spend on those patients in real need of their help.

　　注释

　　………………………………

　　① better off 情况要好一些。

　　② ...which treat only the outward signs and not the cause of the stress. ……那只能处理外部的一些症状，而不能解决导致压力的根本原因。

　　根据文章内容，选择正确答案：

　　1. The passage tells us that ____ .

　　A. unskilled workers are more likely to suffer from stress

　　B. about one third of the British workers worry about the future

　　C. most patients feel uncomfortable with medicines

　　D. people spend 650 million pounds on sleeping tablets every year

　　2.The underlined word “depression” (in Paragraph 1) means “ ____ ”.

　　A. humorB. low spiritsC. good effectD. balance

　　3. In this passage, the writer states that ____ .

　　A. patients should visit the doctors whenever they feel unwell

　　B. the government should spend more money on people's health

　　C. nowadays people spend too much time on their leisure activities

　　D. doctors offered patients medicines more often than necessary

　　Passage 4

　　完形填空…………………………………………………………………

　　In this small town there was not a single man of importance who would dare to have a housekeeper younger than sixty, for fear of what people might say about them.① I was an exception, 1. When I needed a housekeeper I 2 a girl called Bridie Casey, a lovely little girl of seventeen from a village up the coast. But I 3 my choice ca

　　refully. I drove out there one day when she was at home, and I had a look at the cottage (村舍) and a 4 with her mother and a cup of tea, and after that I did not need anyone to say that she was 5. I knew if there was anything Bridie did not do 6 her mother would not 7 long to correct her. After that, there was only one 8 to raise.

　　“Have you a 9, Bridie?” asked I.

　　“No, doctor, I have not.” said she with a simple expression that did not 10 me a bit. As a doctor you soon get used to innocent (无邪的) 11.

　　“Well, youd better 12 and get one,”said I,“13 Im not going to take you.”

　　14 this she laughed.

　　15 she started working at my house. She proved to be very 16 and efficient (高效率的). Of course, she was so goodlooking that people who came to my house used to pass a 17 about us. But that didnt matter. They did not dare to hire a pretty girl themselves for 18 of what people would say. But I knew as long as② a girl had a man of 19 to look after she would give me 20.

　　注释

　　………………………………

　　① ...for fear of what people might say about them. ……担心人们可能会议论他们。

　　② as long as... 只要……

　　根据文章内容，选择正确答案：

　　1. A. instead B. therefore C. however D. as well

　　2. A. choseB. marriedC. firedD. met

　　3. A. madeB. offeredC. regrettedD. settled

　　4. A. dealB. talkC. quarrelD. journey

　　5. A. prettyB. cleverC. fitD. busy

　　6. A. quicklyB. immediatelyC. secretlyD. properly

　　7. A. spendB. payC. costD. take

　　8. A. reportB. testC. questionD. statement

　　9. A. girlfriendB. boyfriendC. fatherD. mother

　　10. A. interestB. cheatC. encourageD. notice

　　11. A. feelingsB. looksC. soundsD. voices

　　12. A. hurry upB. turn upC. take your timeD. take it easy

　　13. A. otherwiseB. howeverC. insteadD. therefore

　　14. A. AtB. On C. ToD. For

　　15. A. On the dayB. The next dayC. In the dayD. To this day

　　16. A. youngB. strongC. ableD. gentle

　　17. A. letterB. talkC. massageD. remark

　　18. A. fearB. horrorC. reasonD. cause

　　19. A. herselfB. her ownC. himselfD. the world

　　20. A. serviceB. everythingC. no troubleD. something

　　Passage 1

　　比尔·盖茨是微软公司主席和首席软件设计师，是世界上最富有的人。本文介绍了他的生平及创业的过程。

　　1.D根据第一段的内容可判断A、B、C三个答案都正确，故选择D项。

　　2.B从文中第二段第三句可知，微软公司的前身——TrafOData公司是由比尔·盖茨和他的同学Paul Allen共同创立的。

　　3.A根据第二段的第三句可知，该公司设计并生产以分析交通为目的、由计算机操纵的汽车数据处理器。

　　4.C文章最后一段说明，盖茨19岁的时候就看到了未来的发展趋势，并把自己的事业建立在这个发展趋势的基础上。这就表明盖茨很有远见(farsighted)。

　　Passage 2

　　本文介绍了盲人Erik Weihenmayer计划攀登世界最高峰——珠穆朗玛峰的事，赞扬了他自强不息、勇于挑战自我的精神。

　　1. B他将是攀登珠穆朗玛峰的第一个盲人，但不是第一个登峰的人。

　　2. B根据第一段和第二段的两个数据，可以得出答案。

　　3. C根据第四段Weihenmayer所说的话可以选择出答案。

　　Passage 3

　　本文主要讨论了当今社会存在的一个重要问题——压力。解除这种压力仅靠药是不够的。

　　1.A从本文第一句话可以推断出答案。

　　2.Bdepression应当是和stress意思相近的一个词，故选择B。

　　3.D作者认为药只能解决表面症状，而且有时是不需要的。

　　Passage 4

　　本文讲述了作者敢于挑战旧的传统思想，雇佣了一个年轻的女管家的故事，结果也证明他并没有选错人。

　　1. C副词however表转折,“然而我是一个例外”。

　　2. A选chose因为它与下文的“made a choice”有关。

　　3. Amake ones choice是固定搭配。

　　4. B此处和下文的“a tea”前都省略了had一词。

　　5. C经过交谈，作者知道这个女孩子是适合的，clever并不是选择管家的标准。

　　6. Ddid not do anything properly“有任何事做得不恰当”。

　　7. D这句话的意思是“她的母亲不会花很长时间(很快)就会将她改正过来”。这里考查“It takes sb. some time to do sth.”句型。

　　8. Craise a question = ask a question。

　　9. B与下文的 “a girl had a man of her own to look after” 相呼应。

　　10.B她是骗不了“我”的，即“她的表情说明她说的是真话”。

　　11.Blooks和上句的expression都是指表情。对于医生来说，真话假话都逃不过他的眼睛。

　　12.A医生催促女孩快点找一个男朋友。

　　13.Aotherwise意为“否则”。

　　14.AAt this she laughed. “听到这个她笑了。”

　　15.Bthe next day “第二天(她开始工作了)。”

　　16.C与上文的 “fit” 相呼应。

　　17.Dpass a remark about/at sb. 意为“议论某人”。

　　18.Afor fear of 意为“由于害怕”。这一短语已在本文开头出现过。

　　19.Ba man of her own = her own boyfriend。

　　20.C只要她有了男朋友，就不会给我添麻烦了。

　　1. I turned out to have been right. 结果证明我是正确的。(Paragraph 4, Passage 1)

　　动词短语turn out作“结果是”解时，后面可接名词、形容词、动词不定式或从句。

　　She turned out (to be) a friend of my sister. 她原来是我妹妹的朋友。

　　The job turned out to be harder than we thought. 这工作比我们想象的要难。

　　The rumor turned out (to be) true. 那谣言后来证明是真的。

　　It turned out (that) two travelers had been killed. 后来证实有两位旅客丧生。

　　另外，turn out 还有“生产”、“到场”、“关闭”、“倒出来”等意思。

　　2. She proved to be very able and efficient. 事实证明她很能干，效率也很高。(Paragragh 6, Passage 4)

　　prove 可作为及物动词、不及物动词或连系动词使用：

　　(1) vt. 证明，证实。后面可接名词、代词、从句或复合结构。

　　He managed to prove his theory in the end. 最后他设法证明了自己的理论。

　　Can you prove what you were doing at 9∶00 last night? 你能证明你昨晚9点在干什么吗？

　　Time would prove me right. 时间将证明我是正确的。

　　(2) link.v. 证明是，结果是。后面可接名词或形容词。

　　This machine has proved (to be) very useful. 结果证明这台机器很有用。

　　He proves (to be) an honest man. 结果证明他是一个诚实的人。

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