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Unit 9 Gymnastics

http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/10/18 10:30 新浪教育

　　扩大视幅

　　扩大视幅是高效阅读的一种技巧。它是指在阅读过程中，我们要扩大眼睛在阅读材料上每停留一次所能感知的文字的广度。阅读的过程实际上是一个积极思维，迅速将文字符号转换为词义的过程。一般说来，我们的视幅总长度可达到4 — 5厘米。所以我们在阅读过程中，要尽可能扩大视线在文章每一行的覆盖范围，将尽可能多的单词收入视线范围之内。眼睛所注视的范围越大，输入大脑的文字内容也就越多，我们的阅读速度自然也就越快。

　　我们平时阅读时，不能逐词阅读，要不断训练自己从“点读”过渡到“句读”、“段读”，让我们的识别幅度覆盖一个完整的思维单位，学会整体认读、整体理解句子意思，并要熟悉句子的结构和词语的习惯搭配，切忌读破句。

　　Passage 1

　　阅读理解…………………………………………………………………

　　Swimming, act of moving through the water by using the arms, legs, and body in motions called strokes (游泳动作), is one of those activities that can be learned early in life. Little children can learn to swim as soon as they walk. In fact, you need the same skills in walking as in swimming. However, I believe that five is the best age to learn. By five or six, a child knows fear of water, a very important thing to know. It's wise to be afraid, to recognize true danger. Young ones understand that the water can sometimes be very dangerous.

　　To really benefit from swimming, every swimmer should learn, as soon as possible, these four basic strokes: butterfly, backstroke, breaststroke, and crawl.① I feel that one of these — the breaststroke — is different from the others, since some young swimmers use this stroke naturally, without any training.

　　In swimming, there are certain rules every swimmer should follow:

　　1. Never swim alone! No matter how good you are in the water, don't risk drowning by swimming alone.② If you swim by yourself, with no life guards or friends with you, you may get into trouble.

　　2. Don't go beyond your abilities. Most swimmers know enough not to swim too far from the bank or the beach. Showing off by doing dangerous tricks is no good.③ Swim safely and you will continue to swim and alive.

　　3. Don't smoke. Swimming depends on a healthy body. Good lungs are part of it.

　　4. Work at any activity that builds muscles.

　　注释

　　………………………………

　　① butterfly 蝶泳；backstroke 仰泳；breaststroke 蛙泳；crawl 自由泳。

　　② No matter how good you are in the water, dont risk drowning by swimming alone. 无论你在水中游得多好，别冒着溺水的危险独自一人游泳。

　　③Showing off by doing dangerous tricks is no good. 做危险的动作来炫耀是没有好处的。

　　根据文章内容，选择正确答案：

　　1. Little children can learn to swim as soon as ____ .

　　A. they can talk

　　B. they start walking

　　C. they have no fear of water

　　D. they are five or six years old

　　2. The author believes that fear of water is ____ .

　　A. stupid

　　B. sensible

　　C. dangerous

　　D. not smart

　　3. According to the passage, you should not swim alone because ____ .

　　A. the water is too cold

　　B. your parents would not be happy

　　C. something in the water might attack

　　D. you might drown

　　Passage 2

　　阅读理解…………………………………………………………………

　　The American expression “shooin” means someone or something that seems sure to win a race or competition.

　　Before a big football game, supporters of each team are certain to argue about which side will win. The stronger team is a shooin. There

　　is no way that it can lose.

　　The expression “shooin” comes from horse racing. It comes from the word “shoo”. That's not the shoe we wear on our foot. It's another word, S-H-O-O. To shoo is an expression hundreds of years old that means to force an animal to move in a desired direction.①

　　Many years ago dishonest riders sometimes agreed secretly to control their horses so that one chosen horse would win the race. All but one of the riders would hold back their horses.② The chosen rider would shoo his horse ahead of the others, and win the race.

　　The other riders would secretly bet (打赌) large amounts of money that the chosen horse would win.

　　The public soon learned about such races. They began to call the winner of such a race a “shooin”.

　　These days, people use shooin to describe any athlete or competitor that seems certain to win, even without cheating.

　　American runner Edwin Moses won more than one hundred races before he ran the hurdle race (跨栏赛) in the 1984 Olympic Games. Everyone said Moses was a shooin, and that he could not lose. And they were right. He won the gold medal.

　　注释

　　………………………………

　　① to force an animal to move in a desired direction 朝指定的方向驱赶动物。

　　② All but one of the riders would hold back their horses. 除了一位骑手其他人都有意控制马的速度。

　　根据文章内容，选择正确答案：

　　1. One of the dishonest riders was sure to win the race because ____ .

　　A. he used to be the best in riding

　　B. the public had belief in him

　　C. he could not control his horse easily

　　D. the other riders had agreed to fail in the race

　　2. The reason why American runner Edwin Moses was regarded as a “shooin” is ____ .

　　A. due to his honest character

　　B. due to his great effort shown in more than one hundred races

　　C. that he won over 100 competitions before the 1984 Olympic Games

　　D. that the old meaning of “shooin” had changed

　　3. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

　　A. “Shooin” came from the word “shoo”.

　　B. The US runner Edwin Moses was worthy of a shooin.

　　C. The public did not know they were being cheated.

　　D. Some runners bet a lot of money on the chosen horse.

　　4. The main idea of this passage is that “shooin” is ____ .

　　A. used for anyone or anything that is certain to win a game

　　B. used to admire a person who seems to be sure to win a race

　　C. a word used to describe a dishonest person

　　D. used for any athlete or competitor that seems too clever to be cheated

　　Passage 3

　　阅读理解…………………………………………………………………

　　In an age when technology moves faster than most can keep up with, a small group of people will remain in the time of oldfashioned (传统的) letters. Honestly, I was once certain that traditional (传统的) letters could never be replaced by other means of communication.

　　But a story about online communication changed my mind.

　　An old man, who suffered a lot from Parkinsons disease①, was not able to talk clearly and could hardly write his name, living totally alone. He managed to keep in touch with nearly all the members of his family. How did he achieve this? He clicked (敲) out words on his computer keyboard.

　　I, therefore, managed to get an Email box as soon as the chance came. My life changed.

　　Email, and all online communication, is something truly different. It has capabilities (能力) that few other products can match.

　　Email is convenient. It takes less time with its fast speed and 24hour connection. The slow postal service is of no match.② If you wouldn't want to have a facetoface talk with your manager, you might talk with him through Email even if you are in the same office.

　　Naming all the good of online communication is not easy. But wait,Email can be inconvenient. It can waste time and energy. Just think what may happen when you take a short vacation and return to find your Email box filled with 200 unread messages. You could easily spend half a day clearing junk ads.

　　Then, online communication will keep us staying at our computer while it connects us to distant strangers. Once we throw ourselves into the machine, we may forget the human touches we once held so dear. I'm certain there is and always will be a place for the oldfashioned letters, phone calls, and facetoface meetings — even in the world of modern communication.

　　As I listened to the sound of the modern (调制解调器), I was excited at stepping out to the outside world but, at the same time, I sensed a loss of control over something valuable in my personal life.

　　注释

　　………………………………

　　①Parkinsons disease (医学)帕金森病(老人手部震颤，动作迟缓症)。

　　②The slow postal service is of no match. 缓慢的邮政服务无法与之相比。

　　根据文章内容，选择正确答案：

　　1. What do you suppose the underlined word “junk” means? ____ .

　　A. old and useless

　　B. new and useful

　　C. small or big

　　D. short or long

　　2. What does the writer think of online communication?

　　A. It should replace oldfashioned letters completely.

　　B. It is perfect and always does good to you.

　　C. It is extremely useful and convenient, and it may also be inconvenient or even harmful.

　　D. It does more harm than good.

　　3. According to the writer, traditional means of communication will never disappear because ____ .

　　A. they are convenient and popular though they are slow

　　B. they help to keep the friendly relationship between people

　　C. most people cannot keep up with the development of technology

　　D. modern means of communication does too much harm

　　Passage 4

　　完形填空…………………………………………………………………

　　Basketball is a game enjoyed by millions of people in at least 100 countries. It's one of the 1 sports in the world. It began in 1891.

　　Dr James A. Naismith, the 2 of basketball, was a teacher of a YMCA① training 3. It trained the people to work in YMCA. Officials at the school were 4 about the low attendance (到课率) during the winter months. They 5 that people didnt attend then because the school did not have a good sports 6 in winter. So they asked Dr. Naismith for 7. He came up with a new indoor 8.②

　　Naismith 9 games being played at that time. He found that all the most 10games used a ball. So a ball would be 11 of his games, he decided. But 12 the ball or hitting it would be too rough for 13. So he put two 14 up on the poles. The players had to try to 15 a ball into them. Naismith then made thirteen 16 for the game. Twelve of them are still in 17 today. Just seven 18 after the games began in 1898 professional (职业的) basketball teams were 19. And that's how basketball was 20.

　　注释

　　………………………………

　　① YMCA 美国基督教青年会(Young Mens Christian Association)的缩写。

　　② He came up with a new indoor game. 他想出了一种新的室内运动项目。come up with 提出；想出。

　　根据文章内容，选择正确答案：

　　1. A. most beautifulB. most usefulC. most necessaryD. best known

　　2. A. friendB. officialC. fatherD. discoverer

　　3. A. schoolB. gameC. teamD. club

　　4. A. interestedB. worriedC. eagerD. dangerous

　　5. A. expectedB. hopedC. talkedD. felt

　　6. A. suitB. teamC. progressD. program

　　7. A. a sportB. helpC. moneyD. an advice

　　8. A. basketballB. matchC. teacherD. game

　　9. A. foundB. learnedC. studiedD. took

　　10. A. popularB. practicalC. excellentD. skilled

　　11. A. elementB. partC. bitD. practice

　　12. A. throwingB. castingC. kickingD. catching

　　13. A. studentsB. youngC. sportsD. indoors

　　14. A. bagsB. basketsC. flagsD. signs

　　15. A. pushB. throwC. sendD. kick

　　16. A. playersB. polesC. rulesD. balls

　　17. A. useB. valueC. factD. time

　　18. A. minutesB. hoursC. daysD. years

　　19. A. formedB. calledC. dismissedD. found

　　20. A. playedB. discoveredC. boughtD. born

　　Passage 1

　　本文作者认为孩子五、六岁时是学游泳的最佳时机, 并提出游泳者须遵循一些安全条例。

　　1. B从本文第二句话可知。

　　2. B根据“Its wise to be afraid...”可知。

　　3. D根据“...dont risk drowning by swimming alone.”可知。

　　Passage 2

　　本文介绍俚语“shooin (十拿九稳的取胜者)”的由来及其意义的演变。

　　1. D根据第四段的最后两句可推断出正确答案。

　　2. C根据最后一段的第一句可知。

　　3. C根据“The public soon learned about such races.”可知。

　　4. A理解全文后可推断出shooin 的含义。另外，文章第一段和倒数第二段有较明确的解释。

　　Passage 3

　　随着科技的发展，网上在线交流已日趋流行，但根据作者的观点，传统的交流方式不会消失，因为两种交流方式各有利弊。

　　1. A根据“clearing”(清除垃圾广告)可猜出其词义。

　　2. C文章第六、七两段提供了答案线索。

　　3. B根据倒数第二段最后两句可知。

　　Passage 4

　　本文介绍了篮球运动是如何产生的。

　　1. D根据句意，篮球是当今最有名的运动项目之一。

　　2. CNaismith 是篮球运动的创始人(近似于inventor)。

　　3. ANaismith　是培训学校的一位老师。

　　4. B冬天好多学员不上课，学校为此担忧。

　　5. D为何有人不上课？思考后校方“觉得……”。

　　6. D因为没有好的运动项目。

　　7. Bask sb. for help 意为“向某人求助”。

　　8. D根据下文可知，“Basketball is a game.”。

　　9. CNaismith　研究了当时的一些体育项目。

　　10. A所有受到欢迎的体育项目都与球有关。　　

　　11. B根据上句可知。

　　12. C根据下文“too rough”可知。

　　13. D根据上文“a new indoor game”可知。

　　14. B根据上下文讲述篮球运动可知。

　　15. B根据常识如何进行篮球运动可知。

　　16. C根据下文Naismith制定了运动规则。

　　17. Abe in use 意为“起作用”。

　　18. D短文第一段出现了1891年，这一句又出现了1898年，由此判断

　　选D。

　　19. Aform professional basketball teams 意为“组建职业篮球队”。

　　20. D总结全文，概括出“这就是篮球运动如何产生的”。

　　1. If you swim by yourself, with no life guards or friends with you, you may get into trouble. 如果你一个人游泳，没有救生员或朋友在场，你会遇到麻烦的。(Paragraph 4, Passage 1)

　　动词短语get into trouble是“惹麻烦”的意思。英语中有很多和trouble有关的短语，常见的有：

　　ask for trouble 自讨苦吃be in trouble with 和……闹纠纷

　　borrow trouble自寻烦恼; 杞人忧天get out of trouble 摆脱困境

　　have trouble with有病痛make trouble 闹事；捣乱

　　put sb. to (the) trouble 给某人添麻烦save oneself the trouble (of) 省掉麻烦

　　2. The slow postal service is of no match. 缓慢的邮政服务无法与之相比。(Paragraph 6, Passage 3)

　　“be + of +名词”结构常用来表示主语的特征。

　　The two girls are of an age/the same age. 这两个女孩年龄一样大。

　　Join is of a different way of thinking. 约翰的思维方法与众不同。

　　They are of great help to learners of English. 他们对英语学习者帮助很大。

　　The meeting is of great importance. 这个会议非常重要。

　　Sport and games can be of great value. 体育运动可能具有很大的价值。

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