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Unit 14 Roots
http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/10/18 10:34  新浪教育

  长句短读

  所谓长句都是由许多短句组成的,只不过放在了一起,就显得庞大,令人生畏罢了。如果我们把它们拆开,还原成一个一个短句来分析,意思就显而易见了。如:

  The jackdaw (小乌鸦), knowing his own ugliness, yet wishing to rule over the bir

  ds, searched through woods and fields for feathers which had fallen from the win

  gs of his companions, and stuck them all over his body.

  该句可以化为以下几个短句来理解:

  The jackdaw knew his own ugliness.

  Yet he wished to rule over the birds.

  So he searched through woods and fields for feathers.

  Those feathers had fallen from the wings of his companions.

  The jackdaw stuck them all over his body.

  这种化长句为若干短句的能力对阅读理解帮助极大,我们应在平时勤加练习。

  Passage 1

  阅读理解…………………………………………………………………

  Alex Harley was born in the northeast of New York in 1921, but he spent most of his early life with his mothers family in southern Tennessee. His grandmother told him stories about their family. Their story, he said, began with Toby. He was a slave from Africa and his name was Kinta.

  Alex Harley went to school and then to college. In 1939, he joined the U.S. coastguard (海岸警卫). As he was a Black, his job was to wait on tables and wash dishes. In his spare time, he learned to write stories. He served in the coastguard for 20 years. After he retired he devoted all his time to writing.

  Alex Harley remembered the stories his grandmother had told him. He began to study his family story. After a lot of research, Harley found that Toby probably was Kinta Kinte from the West African Mandingo. Kinta Kinte was caught near the village of Juffure on the Gambia River. He was sold as a slave in Annapolis, Maryland in 1767. Then Harley made a trip to Gambia and talked with a history expert in Juffure. The African historian made his conclusion (结论) stronger.①

  Alex Harley wanted to tell the experiences of the Black people in the 18thand19th century America. He spent 10 years researching and writing his family story for the book “Roots”. It was published in 1976. It won a special Pulitzer Prize②. A few years later, a series (连续剧) based on Harley's book was shown on American television.

  注释

  ………………………………

  ①The African historian made his conclusion stronger. 那个非洲的历史学家更进一步地证明了他的结论。

  ②Pulitzer Prize美国普利策奖(由报人约瑟夫·普利策发起)。普利策奖历来被视为美国摄影界的最高荣誉,代表着美国新闻摄影界成就的顶峰。

  根据文章内容,选择正确答案:

  1. Choose the right order of the events given in the passage.

  a. He made a trip to Gambia.

  b. Alex Harley knew the stories about their family.

  c. Kinta lived near the Gambia River.

  d. Harley retired from the U.S. coastguard.

  e. Toby was sold as a slave.

  f. He began to study his family history.

  A. e, c, b, d, a, fB. c, e, b, d, f, a

  C. e, b, d, c, a, fD. c, b, d, e, a, f

  2. Where did Harley spend most of his childhood?

  A. In Gambia.

  B. In the north of the U.S.

  C. In Maryland.

  D. In the south of America.

  3. When did Harley learn to write stories?

  A. In 1959.B. After 1921.

  C. Before 1939.D. When he was in the army.

  4. Which conclusion did he draw after doing a lot of research?

  A. Toby was a history expert.

  B. Toby's hometown was near Gambia River.

  C. Toby was an African historian.

  D. Toby's hometown was Annapolis.

  Passage 2

  阅读理解…………………………………………………………………

  “The pen is more powerful than the sword (剑).” There have been many writers who use their pens to fight things that were wrong. Mrs Harriet Beecher Stowe was one of them.

  She was born in the USA in 1811. One of her books not only made her famous but has been described as one that excited the world, and was helpful in causing a civil war and freeing the slaves. The civil war was the American Civil War① of 1861, in which the Northern States fought the Southern States and finally won. This book that shook the world was called Uncle Tom's Cabin②. There was a time when every Englishspeaking man, woman, and child had read this novel that did so much to stop slavery. Not many people read it today, but it is still very interesting, if only to show how a warmhearted writer can cause people's sympathies (同情). The author herself had neither been to the Southern States nor seen a slave. The Southern Americans were very angry at the book, which they said did not at all represent the true situations of the states, but the Northern Americans were wildly excited over it, and were so inspired by it that they were ready to go to war to set the slaves free.

  Of course, there were many things that made the Civil War happen. Yet, Uncle Tom's Cabin surely played an important part. Stowe met President Lincoln in 1862. As Lincoln took her hand, he said, “So you are the little woman who started the big war.”

  注释

  ………………………………

  ① the American Civil War 美国内战(18611865),是林肯领导美国人民进行的一场反对奴隶制度的国内革命。

  ② Uncle Toms Cabin 《汤姆叔叔的小屋》,又译作《黑奴吁天录》和《汤姆大伯的小屋》。评论界认为本书在启发民众的反奴隶制情绪上起了重大作用,被视为美国内战的起因之一。

  根据文章内容,选择正确答案:

  1. The text wants to tell us ____ .

  A. every Englishspeaking person has read Uncle Tom's Cabin

  B. Uncle Tom's Cabin was liked by slave owners

  C. Those who dont speak English cannot have read Uncle Tom's Cabin

  D. The book Uncle Tom's Cabin did a great deal in the American Civil War

  2. How old was Mrs Harriet Beecher Stowe when her worldfamous book was published?

  A. About sixty years old.

  B. Over fifty years old.

  C. Probably in her forties.

  D. Around twenty years old.

  3. What can we learn from the text?

  A. We don't need weapons to fight things that were wrong.

  B. A writer is more helpful in a war than a soldier.

  C. We must understand the importance of literature and art.

  D. No war can be won without such writers as Mrs Harriet Beecher Stowe.

  Passage 3

  阅读理解…………………………………………………………………

  What is your favourite color? Do you like yellow, orange, red? If you do, you must be an optimist (乐观者), a leader, or an active person who enjoys life, people and excitement. Do you prefer grays and blues? Then you are probably quiet, shy and you would rather follow than lead. If you love green, you are strongminded and determined. You wish to succeed and want other people to see you are successful. At least this is what psychologists (心理学家) tell us, and they should know, because they have been seriously studying the meaning of color preference, and the effect that colors have on human beings. They tell us that we don't choose our favourite color as we grow up. If you happen to love brown, you did so as soon as you opened your eyes, or at least as soon as you could see clearly.①

  A yellow room makes us feel more cheerful and more comfortable than a dark green one, and a red dress brings warmth and cheer to the saddest winter day. On the other hand, black is depressing (压抑). Light and bright colors make people not only happier but more active. It is a fact that factory workers work better, harder, and have fewer accidents when their machines are painted orange rather than black or dark gray.

  Remember, then, that if you feel low, you can always brighten your day or your life with a new shirt or a few colorful things.② Remember also that you will know your friends and your enemies better when you find out what colors they like and dislike. And dont forget that anyone can guess a lot about your character when you choose a piece of handkerchief or a lampshade(灯罩).

  注释

  ………………………………

  ①If you happen to love brown, you did so as soon as you opened your eyes, o

  r at least as soon as you could see clearly. 如果你碰巧喜欢棕色,你刚睁开眼看或

  刚能看清楚时就已经这样了。

  ②Remember, then, that if you feel low, you can always brighten your day or your

  life with a new shirt or a few colorful things. 那么请记住,如果你情绪低落时,

  你只要穿上一件新衬衣或其他鲜艳的服装就能使生活靓起来。

  根据文章内容,选择正确答案:

  1. According to this passage, ____ .

  A. one can choose his color preference

  B. one is born with his color preference

  C. one's color preference is changeable

  D. one has to choose his favourite color as soon as he can see clearly

  2. We should pay attention to colors because .

  A. colors do affect our moods (情绪)

  B. colors may affect our work and study

  C. light and bright colors make people happy

  D. you can know your friends better by the colors they like or dislike

  3. The writer believes that we need more people who love ____ if

  they are expected to be successful in work.

  A. yellowB. redC. greenD. black

  Passage 4

  完形填空…………………………………………………………………

  You have probably heard of homing pigeons①, which usually appeared in war. From 3,000 BC to the present, homing pigeons have 1 as postmen. They have been especially useful for carrying messages 2 war. The telegraph is not 3 to carry about. Sometimes only the little pigeon can take a message where it ought to go.

  In 1870, when the Prussians surrounded the city of Paris, the city was cut off from all the 4 means of communication. The people 5 many different ways of 6 news. One way was to let go small balloons carrying mail. But of course, they only drifted 7 the wind carried them. Often they landed inside the enemys lines. Even balloons large enough to carry a pilot could hardly be well controlled.

  It was pigeons that in the end solved the 8. Homing pigeons were brought into Paris. Soon they were carrying letters far and wide. The enemy bought 9 to catch pigeons, but the little postmen could fly faster than their 10. Strangely enough, pigeons played an important 11 in war.

  During World War I every army unit had a group of pigeons 12. Many of them were 13. Among them was an American pigeon with a French name Cher Ami, which meant “dear friend”. A group of U.S. soldiers were surrounded by the enemy. They had no food and no bullets. They nearly died of 14. There was 15 hope for them. Cher Ami made his way 16 the bullets and succeeded. At once planes 17 to drop food and ammunition(军火) to them. With their strength 18 ②, the soldiers fought back to their own army and got saved.

  19 can pigeons carry the message? There were various methods. Usually the message is put into a little glass tube. The tube is tied to the leg or hidden under 20 or hung around the neck.

  注释

  ………………………………

  ①homing pigeons 通信鸽。

  ②with their strength renewed 他们的体力恢复后。

  根据文章内容,选择正确答案:

  1. A. consideredB. servedC. regardedD. made

  2. A. in favor ofB. in need ofC. duringD. in time of

  3. A. easyB. difficultC. necessaryD. important

  4. A. presentB. pastC. usualD. ordinary

  5. A. usedB. didC. triedD. managed

  6. A. announcingB. sendingC. carryingD. telling

  7. A. whichB. thatC. to whichD. where

  8. A. questionsB. situationC. problemsD. difficulties

  9. A. dogsB. soldiersC. planesD. hawks

  10. A. enemiesB. postmenC. balloonsD. bullets

  11. A. actionB. partC. ballD. way

  12. A. trainedB. taughtC. boughtD. fed

  13. A. killedB. soldC. honouredD. sent

  14. A. the enemyB. hungerC. angerD. war

  15. A. littleB. greatC. fewD. much

  16. A. forB. toC. inD. through

  17. A. landedB. found outC. set outD. set about

  18. A. renewedB. arrivedC. lostD. missing

  19. A. WhyB. HowC. WhenD. Where

  20. A. the headB. a bodyC. the footD. a wing

  Passage 1

  本文主要描述了美国作家亚历克斯·哈利的人生经历。他追“根”寻源,探究自己的家族史。他的名著《根》揭露了美国历史上残酷的黑人奴隶制度。

  1.B事件发生的正确顺序是:Alex Harley 的曾祖父Kinta在西非冈比河畔被抓、被拐卖,Alex从小就从祖母那儿了解到一些事情,成年后在美国海岸警卫服役,退役后,他开始研究自己的家族史,为了取证,他来到冈比亚。

  2.D由本文首句得出。

  3.D从第二段可知,Harley是在海岸警卫队开始学写作的。

  4.B先推断Toby可能就是Kinta Kinte, 再根据“Kinta Kinte was caught near the village of Juffure on the Gambia River.” 可以得出正确答案。

  Passage 2

  本文介绍了比彻·斯托夫人的小说《汤姆叔叔的小屋》对美国历史的发展所起的重要作用。

  1. D根据第二段第二句话得出。

  2. C根据推算,美国内战爆发时她刚好50岁。书出版于内战前,即她还不到50岁。

  3. C根据第一句话“The pen is more powerful than the sword.”,作者告诉我们不要低估文学艺术的作用。

  Passage 3

  本文简要地介绍了颜色与人的爱好及个性之间的相互关系。

  1. B从文中第一段最后两句可推断出答案。

  2. A颜色可影响情绪,从文中第三段第一句话可以得到答案。

  3. C从文中第一段第六、七两句话可推断出答案。

  Passage 4

  本文简要地描述了经过训练后的通信鸽在战争中为部队所作的巨大贡献。

  1. B通信鸽在部队里使用,应视为“服役”。serve as “以……身份服务”。

  2. D如用during, war之前应加上the。A、B意义不对。

  3. A在战争期间,用电报方式通信联络当然不容易。

  4. C由于被包围,所以“往常”的通信方式都被切断。

  5. C既然平常惯用的方式不奏效,就只有试用其他方式了。

  6. Bsend意思是“送出去”。

  7. D连词where引导地点状语从句。

  8. Csolve the problem(s) 是固定搭配。

  9. D用hawks(鹰)来对付鸽子是一个很好的方法。

  10. A鹰应视为鸽子的敌人。

  11. B短语play (act) a part in... 意为“在……中起作用”。

  12. A鸽子要通过训练才能成为通信鸽。

  13. C从下文举例可知,很多鸽子是“立功受奖的”。

  14. B上文提到no food,故只能是挨饿而死。

  15. A他们几乎没什么希望了。

  16. D“枪林弹雨”中当然用through。

  17. C短语set out意为“开始做……”,后跟不定式,而set about后跟动词的ing形式。

  18. A这里renewed意为“恢复”。根据文章情景,排除C和D。

  19. B下文谈到通信鸽携带信息的方式,不是原因、时间和地点。

  20. D装消息的玻璃管系在腿上,或放在翅膀下,或挂在脖子上。

  1. After he retired he devoted all his time to writing. 退休之后,他把全部时间都用在写作上了。

  (Paragraph 2, Passage 1)

  devote...to... 把……献给……;把……专用于……。这个结构中的to是介词,所以后面跟名词或动词的ing形式。类似的结构还有:

  be/get used to习惯于look forward to期待

  come to谈到object to 反对

  pay attention to 注意get down to着手做

  lead to导致stick to坚持

  be equal to胜任be related to与……有关

  2. Then you are probably quiet, shy and you would rather follow than lead. 那么你很可能就是一个安静害羞的人,宁愿服从也不愿意领导。

  (Paragraph 1, Passage 3)

  would rather 主要有两种用法:

  (1) 后接不带to的不定式:

  Id rather play tennis than swim. 我宁愿打网球,也不愿游泳。

  Id rather not go to the movies. 我宁愿不去看电影。

  (2) 后接不用连词的that从句(注意使用虚拟语气):

  I would rather you came tomorrow. 我倒宁愿你明天来。

  I would rather you had stayed at home last night. 我倒宁愿你昨天晚上呆在家里。


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