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Unit 16 Social and personal
http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/10/18 10:35  新浪教育

  整体理解

  我们常遇到这样的情况:句子都能看懂,但读完文章后印象却不深。这就牵涉到对文章的整体理解。首先,我们要重视文章的题目和文章的首句。文章的题目是文章的主题,文章的内容就是围绕这一主题展开的;而首句是文章的导入,点明作者写作意图或写作背景。文章的每个段落的首句和尾句也是整体理解的关键,首句是开篇明义,而尾句常常是画龙点睛。

  因此,我们在阅读时要养成这样一个习惯:见了文章的题目,要停顿一下,想一想这篇文章大概写的是什么。阅读时,要特别注意每段的第一句与最后一句,并用心记往。读完全文后要将全文的主要内容快速回忆一下,这样既把握了文章的主要内容和框架结构,又学会了作者的逻辑推理方法,从而更好地理解了这篇文章。

  Passage 1

  阅读理解…………………………………………………………………

  The interview has been going on for about 20 minutes and everything seems to be going well. Then, suddenly, the interviewer asks an unexpected question. “Which is more important, law or love?”

  Job applicants (申请者) in the West increasingly find themselves asked strange questions like this.① And the signs are that this is beginning to happen in China.

  Employers want people who are skilled, enthusiastic (热情的) and devoted. So these are the qualities that any job applicant will try to show no matter what his or her actual feelings are. In reply, employers are increasingly using questions which try and show the applicant's true personality.

  The question in the first paragraph comes from a test called the Kiersey Personality Sorter. It is an attempt to discover how people solve problems, rather than what they know. This is often called aptitude testing(态度测试).

  According to an expert, many job applicants in China are finding this type of questions difficult. “When a Chinese person fills out an aptitude test he or she will think there is a right answer and they may fail because they try to guess what the examiner wants to see.”

  This is sometimes called the prisoner's dilemma (窘境). Applicants are trying to act cleverly in their own interest,② but they fail because they dont understand what the interviewer is looking for. Remember that in an aptitude test, the correct answer is always the honest answer.

  注释

  ………………………………

  ①Job applicants in the West increasingly find themselves asked strange questions like this. 在西方,越来越多的求职者被问到此类奇怪的问题。

  ②Applicants are trying to act cleverly in their own interest... 为了自身的利益,求职者总是尽量表现得八面玲珑……

  根据文章内容,选择正确答案:

  1.The writer wrote the passage to ____ .

  A. give you a piece of advice on a job interview

  B. tell you how to meet a job interviewer

  C. describe an aptitude test

  D. advise you how to find a good job

  2. Now employers want to hire workers ____ .

  A. who know much more than others

  B. who are better skilled than others

  C. who are able to solve different problems

  D. who will work harder than others

  3. According to the writer, in an aptitude testing, Chinese job applican

  ts should ____ .

  A. not tell the truth

  B. learn to tell what they really think

  C. be more enthusiastic

  D. try to find out what the examiner really wants to know

  4. From the passage we know that ____ .

  A. job applicants are always asked such questions

  B. more Chinese applicants fail to find jobs

  C. applicants should not act as reasonably as a prisoner

  D. aptitude testing is becoming popular worldwide

  Passage 2

  阅读理解…………………………………………………………………

  Recently, in the hope of earning both money and social experience, I became a doortodoor salesman. I once read a saying, “If somebody wants something of yours, you will be treated as warmly as spring; but if they don't, you may be treated as coldly as winter.” You may consider this an exaggeration (夸张), but if you are a salesman, it is clearly correct.

  You would never have found it to be so true if you hadn't been a salesman.① You needn't stand doubtful looks and unfriendly comments; you needn't listen to something completely wrong and nod to say that it is quite right; you neednt always keep patience and a smile; you neednt repeat the same sentences over again; you neednt talk to somebody you dislike...

  I did this work for a month; then I decided to give it up. Apart from (除了) the above reasons, I found I was paying too much attention to the job and thus sacrificing my study time. The latest test result proved that my grades were getting lower. Even worse, I hadn't enough time to join my classmates in college activities. Sometimes I felt lonely and unhappy because of both my study and my parttime job. Now I don't think it is worth doing such a thing at great cost even though I was earning money.②

  Newspapers and magazines often publish stories about good students who do parttime work and keep high scores in class. But according to my experience, parttime work can have some strong bad effects on study.

  Most students don't see the relationship between study and work in a correct way. In my opinion, if it isn't a must for financial (资金的) reasons, students should be careful about taking up a parttime job. In western countries even the children of very rich families take part in hard jobs during the summer vacation.

  注释

  ………………………………

  ① You would never have found it to be so true if you hadnt been a salesman. 如果你没做过推销员,你决不会发现这是千真万确的。(本句使用了虚拟语气。)

  ② Now I don't think it is worth doing such a thing at great cost even though I was earning money. 即使我赚了钱,但我现在认为付出这么大的代价去做这样的事是不值得的。

  根据文章内容,选择正确答案:

  1. What caused the writer to give up his parttime job?

  A. Too much attention to it and his grades getting lower.

  B. He often missed some college activities.

  C. Sometimes he felt tired and unhappy.

  D. All the above.

  2. Which of the following has the closest meaning to the underlined word “sacrificing”?

  A. Losing.B. Wasting.C. Using.D. Getting.

  3. The writer thought that ____ .

  A. to do parttime jobs was unnecessary

  B. parttime jobs had good effect upon study

  C. it was hard to plan study and work correctly

  D. parttime jobs were good for students

  Passage 3

  阅读理解…………………………………………………………………

  We all have the ability to make friends. Unfortunately, many people never reach their potential (潜能). Making friends is a skill, and the first step in developing that skill is to know how to get along with others.

  People who are good at getting along with others take an interest in what other people like. They learn to develop interests that make them enjoyable to be around.① Therefore, the more your child knows how to get along with other kids, the more chances he or she has to make friends.

  If your child has trouble making friends, you can tell him or her what to do.

  ★ Realize your own strength. You have skills and talents (才能) that others can enjoy. Some people don't let others see their goodness.

  Believe that you are a good person who has something to share with others.

  ★ Develop a sense of humor. Learn to laugh at yourself and your shortcomings. It will relieve some of the stress (压力) in your life. If you ever feel like making fun at someone, let it be yourself, never anyone else. Smile, smile, and smile.

  ★ Respect the rights of others. They have their opinions; you have yours. Different opinions are healthy. Learn how to listen to others without putting them down② or trying to persuade them that your opinion is right.

  ★ Be kind throughout your life. You will learn that if you are kind to others, they will usually be kind to you. When should you start being kind? Right now. Open the door for someone. Wave to a friend. Encourage someone who is discouraged. Say something nice. There are hundreds of little things you can do to show kindness.

  ★ Be sympathetic (同情). Try to understand what others are going through. Look at life through their eyes. If you understand someone's feelings, you can help.

  ★ Don't complain (抱怨). People get tired of listening to constant complaining. Life doesn't always go the way you want. Learn to accept what you can't change, and work hard to change what you can.

  ★ Never give up. Even if you are faced with closedminded people, never give up. Don't let them change you into one of them. Find people who will appreciate you.

  注释

  ………………………………

  ① They learn to develop interests that make them enjoyable to be around. 他们学会培养兴趣以便让自己给周围的人带来愉快。

  ② without putting them down 而不要贬低他们

  根据文章内容,选择正确答案:

  1. The most important thing in making friends is ____ .

  A. to love each other

  B. to know others way of life

  C. to be able to get along with others

  D. to have your own advantage in life

  2. Which of the following shouldn't one do in making friends?

  A. Never accept what you dont know.

  B. Be friendly to others.

  C. Know your own advantages and shortcomings.

  D. Never give up before difficulties.

  3. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

  A. Friendship is quite necessary in one's life and study.

  B. Friendship is the basic source of our happiness.

  C. Friendship can make our life rich and meaningful.

  D. Friendship is of little value in our life.

  Passage 4

  完形填空…………………………………………………………………

  The sun was shining when I got on the No.151 bus. We passengers sat crowded in heavy clothes.① No one spoke. That's one of the 1 rules. 2 we see the same faces every day, we prefer to 3 behind our newspapers. People who sit so close together are using those thin sheets of newsprint to keep their 4.

  As the bus came near the Mile, a 5 suddenly rang out, “6! This is your driver speaking.” We looked at the back of the drivers head. “Put your papers down. All of you.” The 7 came down. “Now, turn and face the person next to you. Go 8.”

  Surprisingly we all did it. Still no one smiled. I faced an old woman, her head wrapped in a red scarf (围巾).② I saw her 9 every day. Our eyes met. We waited for the next 10 from the driver. “Now repeat after me. Good morning, neighbor!”

  Our voices were 11. For many of us, these were the 12 words we had spoken that day. But we said them together, like 13, to the strangers beside us. We couldnt help 14. That was the feeling of relief (解脱) that we were not being robbed. Moreover, there was the sense of ice being 15. “Good morning, neighbor.” It was not so 16 after all. Some of us repeated it, others shook hands, and many laughed.

  The bus driver said nothing more. He didnt 17 to. Not a single newspaper went back up. I heard laughter, a warm sound I had never heard before in 18.

  When I reached my stop, I said 19 to my seatmate, and then jumped off the bus. That day I was 20 off happily.

  注释

  ………………………………

  ① We passengers sat crowded in heavy clothes. 我们乘客都穿着厚厚的衣服挤坐在一起。crowded为过去分词形式,作方式状语,修饰sat。

  304

  ② I faced an old woman, her head wrapped in a red scarf (围巾). 我面对着一位老太太,她的头上裹着红围巾。“her head wrapped in a red scarf”是一个独立主格结构,在句中作定语,修饰woman。

  根据文章内容,选择正确答案:

  1. A. unwrittenB. strictC. bus D. city

  2. A. AsB. BecauseC. WhenD. Although

  3. A. readB. sitC. talkD. hide

  4. A. waysB. facesC. respectD. distance

  5. A. messageB. warningC. suggestionD. voice

  6. A. AttentionB. MindC. HelpD. Look

  7. A. papersB. passengersC. driverD. tears

  8. A. onB. roundC. aheadD. down

  9. A. stillB. nearlyC. evenD. hardly

  10. A. turnB. talkC. orderD. remark

  11. A. loudB. neatC. slowD. weak

  12. A. firstB. lastC. bestD. only

  13. A. passengersB. citizensC. patientsD. schoolchildren

  14. A. shoutingB. cryingC. smilingD. wondering

  15. A. formedB. heatedC. brokenD. frozen

  16. A. sadB. hardC. ordinaryD. shy

  17. A. needB. wantC. likeD. begin

  18. A. my lifeB. the No.151 busC. publicD. other words

  19. A. good morningB. goodbyeC. helloD. thanks

  20. A. startingB. seeingC. takingD. turning

  Passage 1

  作者通过这篇文章就求职应聘测试提出了要诚实答题的建议。

  1.A由全文内容可知,本文作者是要给应聘者提供一条建议。

  2.C文章第四段第二句话有提示。

  3.B正确理解文章最后两段可得出此答案。

  4.D结合全文,正确理解文章第二段可得出答案。

  Passage 2

  作者介绍了自己作为一个学生外出打工的亲身经历和辛酸感受,并就学生应不应该干兼积提出了自己的看法。

  1. D从文章第三段可找到相关细节。

  2. A下一句话“The latest test result proved that my grades were getting lower.”有提示。

  3. C由全文内容可知,学习、打工两者难以兼顾。

  Passage 3

  本文提出了交朋友是一种技巧的观点,并给出了许多交朋友的技巧。

  1.C从第二段最后一句可知。

  2.A从文中可推断出,人们结交新朋友需要接受新事物。

  3.D根据常识判断。

  Passage 4

  本文讲述了一辆公交车上的故事。起初,彼此并不陌生的乘客从不互相问好,在司机的倡导下,他们终于打破沉默,相互问候、握手,并开怀地笑了。

  1.A人们之间不交谈,好像是 “不成文的规定”。

  2.Dalthough引导一个让步状语从句。

  3.Dhide behind our newspapers 意为“躲在报纸后”。

  4.Dkeep their distance意为“保持相互间的距离”,与上一句呼应。

  5.Dvoice 表示司机说话的声音。

  6.A“Allention!”用于引起别人注意。

  7.A上文“put your papers down”有提示。

  8.Cgo ahead 意为“做吧”。

  9.B文章第一段有提示。此句意为“我几乎每天见到她”。

  10.C表示我们按司机的 “命令” 行事。

  11.D开始时我们都有点不好意思。

  12.A根据上下文可推知。

  13.D前句 “But we said them together” 表明 “就像小学生似的”。

  14.Ccouldnt help smiling 意为“情不自禁地笑了”。

  15.Cbreak the ice 意为“打破沉默”。

  16.B表示 “相互问候并不那么困难”,下一句有提示。

  17.A司机想要大家做的已经做到了,自然不需再说什么了。

  18.B在公交车上,呼应本文的开头。

  19.Bsay goodbye to sb.意为“对某人说再见”。

  20.Astart off 意为“出发;开始”。

  1. ...no matter what his or her actual feelings are.……不管他或她的真实感情如何 。(Paragraph 3, Passage 1)

  no matter+wh-疑问词,常用来引导让步状语从句,表示“不管……;无论……”。

  No matter what you do, do it well. 不管你做什么,都应该把它做好。

  I won't let you in, no matter who you are. 不管你是谁,我都不会让你进来。

  You'll be always be welcome, no matter when you come. 不管你什么时候来,你都是受欢迎的。

  We'll have to finish the job, no matter how long it takes. 不管要花多长时间,我们都要完成这项工作。

  2. If your child has trouble making friends... 假如你的孩子交朋友有困难的话…… (Paragraph 3, Passage 3)

  have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth. 是英语中常见的句型,意思是“做某事有困难”。

  We had no difficulty in finding his house. 我们毫不费力地找到了他的家。

  Did you have much trouble in understanding this article? 你理解这篇文章很费事吗?

  也可以说have difficulty/trouble with sth.

  I have some trouble with the work. 我做这项工作有些困难。

  1. Hank felt himself go cold all over. 汉克觉得心寒。(Paragraph 6, Passage 3)

  go 可以作为连系动词使用,意思是“变为,开始变为”,表示主语变成或处于某一特定状态。

  Her hair has gone gray. 她的头发变灰白了。

  The man went red at the news. 这人听到消息后恼羞成怒。

  类似的还有:

  go mad 发狂go blind 变瞎go hungry 挨饿

  go bad 变质go wrong 出毛病go pale 变苍白

  2. He hit himself in the eye with one of his fathers sharp tools, and became blind. 他自己不小心用父亲的尖利的工具戳到了眼睛,失明了。(Paragraph 1, Passage 2)

  “hit/take sb.+ 介词 + the + 身体部位”是英语中常见结构,意思是“打/拉某人的部位”。

  A stone struck me hard on the head. 一块石头重重地打在我头上。(打在坚硬的部位常用介词on)

  John hit him in the left eye. 约翰打了他的左眼。(打在柔软的部位常用介词in)

  He took the blind man by the right arm and crossed the street. 他搀扶盲人的右臂过了马路。


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