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Unit 19 New Zealand
http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/10/18 10:37  新浪教育

  有的放矢地阅读

  我们在开始阅读文章前,应首先读懂文章后所附带的问题和选项,并带着这些问题去有的放

  矢地读文章中那些与答题相关的部分,使我们的阅读更有针对性。

  阅读理解的问题一般分为客观细节题和主观判断题两大类。客观细节题可以从文章中直接找

  到答案,而主观判断题考查的是对文章的深层理解,必须对整篇文章进行反复推敲才能得到

  解决。

  了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息,我们可以获得理解文章所需的一些非常重要的提

  示。有了这些提示,我们就可以有针对性地对文章进行扫读,对有关信息进行快速定位,再

  将这些信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比,就可以有根有据地排除干扰项,从而快速、准确

  地选出正确答案,节省了宝贵的时间,达到事半功倍的效果。

  Passage 1

  阅读理解…………………………………………………………………

  New Zealand lies in the South Pacific Ocean. It is made up of two large islands — North Island and South Island — and lots of smaller islands. The area of New Zealand is 270,534 sq km.

  New Zealand has very good conditions for agriculture. 66% of the land is good for farming. The farming can be on highland or lowland. Grass grows very well in wet climate, so most of the farming is animal farming. You can find sheep everywhere in the country. But farmers in rich lowland very often keep cattle, that is, cows for milk.

  Sheep farms cover a half of all the land in New Zealand. Only the very wet areas and the highest mountains are not good for sheep.① The sheep farms are called sheep stations. There are over 30,000 stations in North and South Islands, with sixty million sheep. The native grass of the country is not very rich. So the farmers get better grass seeds from Europe and America and plant good grass. The sheep give good meat and good wool. Most of the meat and wool is exported(出口). Until 1882 only the wool was exported. New Zealand farmers sold the wool to factories in Britain. The sea journey to Britain was very long and slow, so meat couldn't be exported. But in 1882 the refrigerator was invented, and the ship could keep the meat cold. So meat could be exported. Most of the meat exported today is lamb, not mutton. Lamb is the meat of young sheep, while mutton is the meat of fullygrown sheep②.

  注释

  ………………………………

  ①Only the very wet areas and the highest mountains are not good for sheep. 只有非常潮湿的地区和高山地区不适合饲养绵羊。

  ②fullygrown sheep 成年羊

  根据文章内容,选择正确答案:

  1. Where are the farms in New Zealand according to the passage?

  A. Only in wet areas.

  B. In the highest mountains.

  C. In North and South Islands.

  D. Only on highland.

  2. What do the farmers have to do when New Zealand is not rich in grass?

  A. Buy grass from other countries.

  B. Keep fewer sheep.

  C. Plant vegetables instead.

  D. Buy better grass seeds from other countries and sow them.

  3. What do farmers get money mainly from?

  A. Animal farming.B. Lamb export.

  C. Mutton export.D. Wool export.

  Passage 2

  阅读理解…………………………………………………………………

  Why was the Bastille (巴士底狱) important to the citizens of Paris? The building of the Bastille had been started in 1370 under Charles V. By the seventeenth century it had ceased (停止) to be important for defence.① Cardinal Richelieu turned it into a prison. It was not an ordinary prison to punish common crimes (罪行). During the 17th and 18th centuries, the Bastille was used mainly for housing political prisoners. Its huge doors closed only on enemies of the King. The Bastille's workings were secret. Prisoners were taken to it in closed carriages. Soldiers on guard duty had to stand with their faces to the wall. No talking was allowed. Worst of all, a prisoner never knew if he would be there a day, a week, a year, or forever. Only the King's letter could set him free.

  Over the years the number of arrests by King's letter had become fewer. By the time of its fall, most of the prisoners were writers who had written against the corrupt (腐败) deeds of the government. Voltaire, the famous French writer, spent a year there.

  For those who believed in free speech and free thinking, the Bastille stood for everything bad.② The day when it was captured (占领), the “conquerors (征服者) of the Bastille” found only seven prisoners inside. In a word, the people hated the Bastille. It was a symbol of the King's complete power. The site is now an open square, called the Place de la Bastille. Bastille Day is the national holiday in France, celebrated on July 14.

  注释

  ………………………………

  ①By the seventeenth century it had ceased to be important for defence. 到十七世纪,巴士底狱在防御的功能上已经不起重要作用了。

  ②For those who believed in free speech and free thinking, the Bastille stood for everything bad. 对于那些崇尚言论自由和思想自由的人来说,巴士底狱确实是邪恶的象征。

  根据文章内容,选择正确答案:

  1. The Bastille had been a prison ____ .

  A. since the time of Charles V

  B. since 1370

  C. before the seventeenth century

  D. since the time of Cardinal Richelieu

  2.According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?

  A. Anyone who did something wrong could find himself suddenly in the Bastille.

  B. The Bastille was only for those who were against the King.

  C. In the Bastille everything was done in secret.

  D. Voltaire was once put in the Bastille.

  3.The day when it was captured, in the Bastille there were ____ .

  A. a large number of prisoners

  B. a lot of people who had done bad deeds

  C. dozens of people who believed in free speech and free thinking

  D. only seven prisoners

  4. The main purpose of this passage is to ____ .

  A. tell a story

  B. tell about what the King had done for his people

  C. show the inner work of the Bastille

  D. try to prove a point that the Bastille was a symbol of the Kings complete power

  Passage 3

  阅读理解…………………………………………………………………

  Washington D.C. is the capital of the United States. It's the center of the national government. It's a busy, working city with a large population. But what is more, Washington is also a city of history and culture. It is home to many famous and interesting public buildings and monuments, many of which are connected with the federal government.

  Washington was created in 1790, when Congress (美国国会) decided to place the nation's new capital in the east of the country. It was built halfway between the northern and southern states of America. And of course it was named after George Washington①, the first President of the United States.

  There are many tourist sights in Washington. Perhaps the most important tourist sight is the Capital Building. This houses the Congress.②

  Another worldfamous building in Washington is the White House. This is the home and office of the President of the United States. Most visitors are, however, surprised by how small the White House actually is.

  Washington is also a great cultural city. The Library of Congress contains one of the largest library collections in the world. The Smithsonian Museum holds the nation's largest collection of cultural materials. And the John F. Kennedy Center is a famous center of art and culture. It has many great musical and theatre performances throughout the year.

  注释

  ………………………………

  ①And of course it was named after George Washington. 当然它是以美国总统乔治·华盛顿的名字命名的。

  ②This houses the Congress. 这就是国会大厦。这里house作动词使用,“供给房子用”的意思。

  根据文章内容,选择正确答案:

  1. The writer mainly talks about ____ .

  A. George Washington

  B. the history of Washington

  C. buildings and sights in Washington

  D. the history and culture of Washington

  2. From the passage we know that Washington lies in ____ .

  A. the east of the USA

  B. the center of the USA

  C. the east, on the middle point from north to south of the country

  D. the east and halfway away from the north

  3. The White House impresses (留有印象) the people most for ____ .

  A. its white color

  B. its size

  C. the home and office of the President

  D. its history

  Passage 4

  完形填空…………………………………………………………………

  Mexico①, the largest nation in the region (地区), is a good example of life in Middle America. Although Mexico is a large country, 1 12 percent of its land is good for farming. 2 40 percent is good grassland. The rest is hills and mountains, 3 plateaus (高原), or wet coastal regions.

  The mountains are too 4 to farm. The high plateau in the middle of Mexico would be good farmland if it had more 5. The coastal areas receive so much 6 that the land 7 becomes waterlogged(浸泡水的). For all of these 8, Mexicans must 9 the good farmland they have, 10 good farming has not always been 11 in Mexico.

  For many 12, Mexican farming had 13 traditional crops②. These 14 beans and squash (南瓜). 15, when the Spanish arrived in 1500s, they tried to 16 new ideas. They thought new 17 , such as onions, turnips, sugarcane, and bananas, would 18 well in the warm tropical (热带的) 19. But the Mexicans wished to continue with their old 20.

  注释

  ………………………………

  ①Mexico 墨西哥,位于北美大陆南部,面积1972546平方公里,首都是墨西哥城,官方语言为西班牙语。

  ②traditional crops 传统作物

  根据文章内容,选择正确答案:

  1. A. only B. forC. butD. with

  2. A. OtherB. AnotherC. The otherD. All

  3. A. dryB. beautifulC. farawayD. cool

  4. A. warmB. hotC. highD. good

  5. A. farmersB. hillsC. waterD. cattle

  6. A. rainB. windC. fogD. sunshine

  7. A. oftenB. soonC. probablyD. slowly

  8. A. thingsB. ideasC. reasonsD. matters

  9. A. pay attention toB. take care ofC. be satisfied withD. be proud of

  10.A.soB. yetC. becauseD. obviously

  11.A. difficultB. wonderfulC. disappointedD. possible

  12.A. daysB. agesC. monthsD. centuries

  13.A. usedB. grownC. seenD. made

  14.A. producedB. belongedC. hadD. included

  15.A. At lastB. NaturallyC. HoweverD. Otherwise

  16.A. introduceB. replaceC. mistakeD. give up

  17.A. plantsB. vegetablesC. fruitsD. crops

  18.A. beB. doC. plantD. receive

  19.A. weatherB. daysC. countriesD. time

  20.A. thoughtsB. waysC. thingsD. habits

  Passage 1

  本文主要介绍新西兰的农牧业。新西兰有66%的土地适宜农牧,畜牧业发达,是世界最大的肉类和乳制品的输出国之一。

  1. C根据第三段第四句话“There are over 30,000..., with sixty million sheep.”可得出答案。

  2. D见第三段中 “So the farmers got better seeds...good grass.”。

  3. A见文章的第二段,B、C、D三项都太片面。

  Passage 2

  本篇主要介绍了巴士底狱的建立和毁灭的过程,用来证明一种观点,即巴士底狱是国王强权的象征。

  1. D文章第一段中 “Cardinal Richelieu turned it into a prison.”详细说明了巴士底用作监狱的时间。

  2. A第一段的第五句和第六句已说明了哪种类型的罪犯被关入巴士底狱。

  3. D见文章的最后一段。

  4. D通过对全文的理解我们可以知道,本文描述了巴士底狱的建立和毁灭的过程,用来证明一种观点,即巴士底狱是国王强权的象征。

  Passage 3

  本篇介绍了华盛顿特区的一些基本情况。华盛顿特区不仅是美国的政治、文化的中心,还是旅游胜地。

  1. D第一段是全文的主题段。

  2. C从文中第二段我们知道,议会关于新首都位置有两点要求:位于国家东部,在南北线的跨度上居中。

  3. B根据文章第四段最后一句可得出答案。

  Passage 4

  本文主要介绍了墨西哥的一些基本情况。墨西哥尽管是一个大国,但它的气候、土壤条件却使得墨西哥的耕地面积很少。文章也介绍了墨西哥的一些农作物特产。

  1. A与句首although引出的让步状语从句相呼应,用only来强调耕地面积太少。although与but不能同时出现在一个句子中,所以排除C。

  2. B12%和40%合起来并非全部土地,还有48%仍未提到,故选B。

  3. A与下文的“wet coastal regions” 相对照,所以选dry。

  4. C下文将提及高原。

  5. C高原变良田的必备条件是有水。

  6. A根据下文的“waterlogged”可以判断。

  7. A四个选项均为副词,要与much rain一致,应该选often。

  8. C归纳上述种种因素,引出结论。

  9. B好耕地来之不易,所以应该好好照料。

  10. B本句承上启下,此处为转折语气,选用yet。

  11. D根据上下文,使用排除法可知本题答案选D。

  12. D好几个世纪以来形成的耕作传统。

  13. Bgrow与crops搭配。

  14. D介绍传统的作物品种,included 意为“包括……”。

  15. C本句介绍西班牙人16世纪初来到墨西哥后,曾试图改变当地的种植习惯,有转折意义。

  16. A这里 introduce表示“引进”。

  17. A其余三项不能概括空白后所举的四种植物。

  18. Bdo在此为不及物动词。

  19. C在热带国家。

  20. B墨西哥人希望沿用旧有的种植方式。

  1. For those who believed in free speech and free thinking, the Bastille stood for everything bad. 对于那些崇尚言论自由和思想自由的人来说,巴士底狱确实是邪恶的象征。(Paragraph 3, Passage 2)

  形容词free 除了有“自由的,空闲的”等意思外,还有“摆脱(不好的东西),无……的”的意思。

  With his help I can be free from all difficulties. 在他的帮助下,我可以摆脱所有的困难。

  常见的结构还有:

  free from 没有……的;不受……拘束的

  This is a sentence free from mistakes. 这是一个没有错误的句子。

  free of 免费的;空着的;闲着的

  Delivery is free of charge if goods are paid for in advance. 如预先付货款就可免费送货。

  for free 免费地;无偿地

  You may get these books for free. 你可以免费得到这些书。

  free to do sth. 自主地做某事

  You are free to do as you wish. 你想怎么做都可以。

  2. In a word, the people hated the Bastille. 总之,人民痛恨巴士底狱。(Paragraph 3, Passage 2)

  in a word 一句话; 总而言之。注意下列词组中的word的形式:

  keep ones word 守信break ones word食言;失信

  leave word 留言send word 捎信

  give ones word 保证eat ones words 收回前言; 承认说错

  in plain words 坦率地说in word 口头上

  in other words 换句话说

  word for word 逐字地beyond words 无法用语言表达

  waste ones words 白费口舌pick ones word 注意措词;字斟句酌

  have words with sb. 与某人吵嘴have a word with sb. 与某人说句话


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