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Unit 22 Bees

http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/10/18 10:39 新浪教育

　　定位作者的态度和语气

　　了解作者的态度和语气，关键在于把握作者对全文主体事物或某一具体事物的态度。作者的态度是褒义、中性还是贬义，主要是靠使用形容词、副词和一些特殊动词来表示，如形容词perfect或excellent可显示出作者的赞成态度；fail to do(未能)、ignore (忽视)、doubt(怀疑)等动词则暗示了一种负面态度。因此，我们在阅读时应注意作者遣词造句的特点，特别要注意品味文章中能表露作者情感态度的修饰性语句。

　　在阅读时，我们只需把握作者对他所叙述的事物或人是正面还是负面的态度，至于具体是揶揄讽刺、极力鞭挞，惋惜伤感，双手赞成，还是略加保留，都不用太加留意。有时作者态度复杂，正负都有(多是一种为主，另一种以让步的形式在文中出现)，这时判断应特别小心。

　　Passage 1

　　阅读理解…………………………………………………………………

　　There are at least 32 species of dolphins (海豚). After a long period of studies, scientists are uncovering surprising new findings about dolphins. They believe that dolphins do “talk” to each other, whistling “names” among themselves and others in their group.① They help one another when in trouble. Like bats, they use sound waves to “see”. Because of these and many other findings, many scientists now place dolphins among the cleverest animals on earth.

　　Dolphins love to copy the way someone speaks or acts. If we swim on our backs, they do too. If we dive, they follow. Once a trainer blew a puff (喷) of cigarette smoke against the window of an observation tank (观察舱), a young dolphin suddenly swam to its mother, nursed a moment, and spit out a cloud of milk against the glass.

　　It is even more surprising that dolphins are able to understand sign language. One of Herman's dolphins has mastered more than 50 sign words. And they can also copy the signatures of others. Now scientists are learning how dolphins “speak” to each other.

　　Dolphins help one another. When birthgiving takes place, females gather to keep off sharks. Later, while the mother looks for food, they take care of the young dolphin, swimming in a circle.

　　Dolphins reach out to us in astonishing ways. What would the world be like without them?

　　注释

　　………………………………

　　① ...whistling “names” among themselves and others in their group. ……它们常常低唤自己和其它同伴的“名字”。

　　② Dolphins reach out to us in astonishing ways. 海豚以惊人的方式展现在我们面前。

　　根据文章内容，选择正确答案：

　　1. To the best of our knowledge, dolphins are ____ .

　　A. surprising fish

　　B. interesting animals

　　C. clever animals

　　D. man's friends

　　2. In the second paragraph, “nursed” means ____ .

　　A. brought the mother something to eat

　　B. sucked milk from the mother dolphin

　　C. asked to be taken care of

　　D. gave some milk to someone

　　3. Which of the following do you think is more reasonable?

　　A. We are still in the early stage of learning about these animals.

　　B. We have little difficulty in understanding dolphins.

　　C. Man will be able to talk freely to dolphins in the near future.

　　D. Sign language is the only way to make dolphins understand us.

　　Passage 2

　　阅读理解…………………………………………………………………

　　Of all the animals in the animal kingdom, which one, apart from man is the cleverest?

　　There are several ways of measuring the intelligence (智力) of animals. In one test a scientist sets three identical (相同的) cans on a table. While the animal watches, he puts food under one of the cans. Then he leads the animal away. Some time later, he brings it back to see if it remembers which can has the food. No smelling is allowed; the animal must go directly to the correct can or it fails.

　　This is called a delayedresponse(延迟反应)test. The idea is to find out how long an animal's memory can keep information. The scientists would try showing the cans to the animal one hour later, or two hours later, or even a full day later. They discovered that chimpanzees(黑猩猩) and elephants have the best memory, and are able to remember the correct can for at least twenty hours. No other animal is close. Dogs came next, but they only remembered for nine hours.

　　To settle the matter, the scientists designed a huge maze (迷宫) and ran the chimpanzees and elephants through it. The maze was very difficult, with many blind paths and dead ends.① It took the chimpanzees ten minutes to find their way out. The elephants needed a half hour. Even allowing for the elephants slower rate of speed,② the test shows that chimpanzees are the cleverest animals.

　　From this and other tests, the scientists drew the following conclusion: an animal's intelligence depends on the size of its brain in proportion (比例) to the size of its body.③ The elephant's brain weighs ten pounds. But this is only 1/600th of its 6,000pound body. A chimpanzee's brain weighs about one pound, or 1/120th of its total body weight. So in proportion to its body size, the chimpanzee has four times as much brain as the elephant — more brain for less body. The chimpanzee is the champion!

　　注释

　　………………………………

　　① The maze was very difficult, with many blind paths and dead ends.这个迷宫很难走，到处都是走不通的路和死胡同。

　　② Even allowing for the elephants slower rate of speed...甚至考虑到大象的慢速……

　　③ An animal's intelligence depends on the size of its brain in proportion to the size of its body.动物的智能取决于它的大脑尺寸与身体尺寸的比例。

　　根据文章内容，选择正确答案：

　　1. The passage tells that elephants ____ .

　　A. never forget things

　　B. are cleverer than chimpanzees

　　C. are slowermoving than chimpanzees

　　D. have better memories than chimpanzees

　　2. The main idea of this passage is that ____ .

　　A. there are several ways of measuring the intelligence of animals

　　B. chimpanzees and elephants have the best memory

　　C. intelligence tests show that the chimpanzee is the cleverest animal

　　D. the scientists designed a huge maze and ran the chimpanzees and elephants through it

　　3. The delayedresponse test is designed to test an animal's ____ .

　　A. eyesight

　　B. intelligence

　　C. learning ability

　　D. memory

　　4. According to the passage, a rhinoceros (犀牛) that weighs 2100 lbs, and has a 3lb brain is ____ .

　　A. as clever as a chimpanzee

　　B. cleverer than an elephant

　　C. less clever than an elephant

　　D. as clever as an elephant

　　Passage 3

　　阅读理解…………………………………………………………………

　　Animals do many different, amazing things to get through the winter. Some of them migrate. This means they travel to other places where the weather is warmer or they can find food and then come back again.Many birds migrate in the fall. Because the trip can be dangerous, some travel in large groups. For example, geese fly in noisy, Vshaped groups. Other kinds of birds fly alone.

　　How do they know when it is time to leave for the winter? Scientists are still studying this. Many see migration as part of a yearly cycle of changes a bird goes through.① The cycle is controlled by changes in the amount of daylight and the weather.

　　Most birds migrate short distances. But how do they find their way to the same place each year? Birds seem to find the way like sailors once did, using the sun, moon and stars for direction. They also seem to have a compass in their brain for using the Earth's magnetic field (磁场).②

　　Other animals migrate, too. There are a few mammals (哺乳动物), like some bats, caribou (北美驯鹿) and whales that travel in search of food each winter. Many fish migrate. They may swim south, or move into deeper, warmer water.

　　Insects also migrate. For example, Monarch butterflies spend the summer in Canada and the Northern US. They migrate as far south as Mexico for the winter. Most migrating insects go much shorter distances. Many, like termites (白蚁) and Japanese beetles (甲虫), move downward into the soil. Earthworms also move down, some as far as six feet below the surface.

　　The mystery of animal migration remains one of the most compelling (引人注目的) in science. How do animals know when it is time to migrate? How do they find their way back to the same place year after year? How do they travel directly to a certain beach or stream that they have not seen since birth? Some of the animals secrets are beginning to come to light with the help of scientific observation and experimentation.

　　注释

　　………………………………

　　① Many see migration as part of a yearly cycle of changes a bird goes through.许多人把候鸟的迁徙看作是鸟儿每年所要经历的循环的一部分。

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　　② They also seem to have a compass in their brain for using the Earths magnetic field.在他们的大脑里似乎有一个运用地球磁场的指南针。

　　根据文章内容，选择正确答案：

　　1. What does the article mainly talk about?

　　A. Winter sleep.B. Some animals life in winter.

　　C. Migration for winter.D. Some interesting animals.

　　2. Which statement is NOT true according to this passage?

　　A. Not all the animals migrate in large groups.

　　B. Most birds seem to find their way by using the Earths magnetic field during their migration.

　　C. Some animals like to stay in places where the weather is warmer or they can find food in winter.

　　D. Now scientists are sure that how animals know when it is time to leave for the winter.

　　3. According to the passage, we can infer that ____ .

　　A. Mexico is warmer than Canada and the Northern US in winter

　　B. many, like termites and Japanese beetles , move downward into the soil

　　C. all the animals need migration

　　D. some birds have compasses in their brains

　　Passage 4

　　完形填空…………………………………………………………………

　　Many children may be fond of animals, but few ever think of making the study of animals their career (职业). Even fewer will be 1 by the whole world, 2 the title of United Nations Messenger (使者) of Peace.①

　　But one woman has 3 all that. She has lived with chimpanzees (黑猩猩) in the African forest for more than 20 years and made great 4 . Jane Goodalls lifelong 5 in animals began at an early age. By the age of 10 or 11, Goodall 6 going to Africa to live with animals. This was quite a strange dream in those days, as young 7 didnt think of having such “wild” actions. But she was 8 by her mother. She told her that if she really wanted something, she should work hard, take advantage of 9 and never give up looking for a way.

　　When a close friend invited Goodall to Kenya in 1957, she readily 10. Within a few months of her arrival she met the famous anthropologist (人类学家) Dr. Louis Leakey, who soon decided that Goodall was the 11 person he was looking for to begin a 12 of wild chimpanzees on the shore of Lake Tanganyika in Tanzania.

　　At the beginning, studying the chimpanzees was not 13 for her. The animals fled from her 14. With a strong 15, she searched the forest every day, trying not to get too close to the chimpanzees too 16.② Gradually the chimpanzees became used to her presence.

　　In October 1960, she observed a chimpanzee making and using 17 to fish for termites (白蚁). This discovery threw 18 on the popular idea at the time that man was the world's only toolmaker. The longer Goodall's research continues, the more it becomes obvious that chimpanzees are very 19 to humans.

　　Since the mid1980s, Goodall has been lecturing around the world to raise people's sense about environmental 20. “Let's live in the new age with hope, respect for all living things, understanding and love.” she said.

　　注释

　　………………………………

　　①Even fewer will be recognized by the whole world, receiving the title of U

　　nited Nations Messenger of Peace. 更少有人会被全世界承认并授予联合国和平使者的称

　　号。

　　② ..., trying not to get too close to the chimpanzees too soon. ……试图避免在短期内靠黑猩猩太近。

　　根据文章内容，选择正确答案：

　　1. A. recognizedB. knownC. acceptedD. admitted

　　2. A. receiving B. giving C. enjoyingD. having

　　3. A. done B. proved C. achievedD. realized

　　4. A. discoveriesB. decisionsC. choicesD. findings

　　5. A. study B. interestC. sense D. dream

　　6. A. was fond ofB. tired ofC. insisted onD. dreamed of

　　7. A. boys B. girls C. men D. women

　　8. A. encouragedB. preventedC. advisedD. forced

　　9. A. knowledge B. youth C. hope D. chances

　　10. A. acceptedB. refusedC. receivedD. considered

　　11. A. only B. last C. special D. first

　　12. A. project B. study C. center D. career

　　13. A. hard B. interestingC. easy D. convenient

　　14. A. in surpriseB. in a hurryC. as expectedD. in fear

　　15. A. willB. bodyC. desireD. mind

　　16. A. farB. near C. soon D. much

　　17. A. nets B. tools C. holes D. spoon

　　18. A. doubt B. light C. questionsD. beliefs

　　19. A. close B. similar C. friendlyD. helpful

　　20. A. improvementB. protectionC. pollutionD. destruction

　　Passage 1

　　海豚是生活在海洋中的一种聪明、友好的动物。本文介绍了海豚善于模仿、使用语言、互相帮助等一些情况。

　　1. C根据首段最后一句可知，海豚是聪明的哺乳动物。

　　2. B第二段最后一句描述了海豚模仿人的动作往玻璃上喷奶，由此可知它肯定是吸了奶。

　　3. A第二句中“uncover”一词用了进行时态，说明对海豚的研究才刚刚开始。

　　Passage 2

　　本文主要讲述了科学家通过多种测试发现黑猩猩是动物王国里最聪明的动物。

　　1. C文章第四段提到“大象行动缓慢”。

　　2. C文章的首段就揭示了文章的主旨——黑猩猩是最聪明的动物。

　　3. D第三段的第二句即是对“delayedresponse”的解释。

　　4. C计算得出犀牛大脑的重量只占身体重量的1/700，因此智力低于大象。

　　Passage 3

　　为什么有些鸟类和昆虫有季节迁徒的本领？本文主要介绍了部分鸟类、昆虫和其它动物在冬季迁徙的现象。

　　1. C根据文章第一段即可得出答案。

　　2. D根据文章第二段第二句提供的信息可知，科学家们正在研究这一问题。

　　3. A根据第一段第三句及第五段第二、三两句的内容可作此判断。

　　Passage 4

　　珍·古道尔博士是国际知名的动物行为学家，一生致力于黑猩猩的研究和保护， 2002年4月被联合国秘书长安南亲自任命为联合国和平信使。本文介绍了她的一些经历。

　　1. Arecognize在此解释为“承认(功绩)等”。

　　2. Creceive the title of “获得……头衔或称号”。

　　3. Cachieve意为“取得成就”。

　　4. A阅读完全文可知，她最后有了一些伟大的发现。

　　5. B她对动物的浓厚兴趣由来已久。

　　6. Ddream of doing sth.“梦想做某事”。

　　7. B那时她是一个女孩。

　　8. A妈妈让她做自己想做的事，说明妈妈对她是支持的、鼓励的。

　　9. Dtake advantage of chances“利用各种各样的机会”。

　　10.A她早就有此梦想，所以机会到来，她肯定会毫不犹豫地抓住。

　　11.C通过上文介绍得知，她是一个与众不同的女孩。

　　12.B与文章第二段中“她花了近二十年时间获得了一些伟大发现”相呼应。

　　13.C根据下文中黑猩猩一见她就逃离这一情节推断，观察黑猩猩不是件容易的事。

　　14.D猩猩由于害怕而逃离。

　　15.A正是她的坚强意志才导致了最后的成功。

　　16.C从下文的gradually一词可以判断，她每天到森林去，是想让猩猩慢慢熟悉她，而不希望一开始就接近它们而把它们吓跑。

　　17.B由下文的toolmaker一词可知。

　　18.A这种新的发现必然会让人们怀疑原来的一些结论。

　　19.Bbe similar to... 意为“与……相似”。

　　20.B最后一句很明确地告诉我们应注意环境保护。

　　1. An animals intelligence depends on the size of its brain in proportion to the size of its body. 动物的智能取决于它大脑尺寸与它身体尺寸的比例。(Paragraph 5, Passage 2)

　　depend on 有两个意思：①依靠；指望； ② 视……而定；取决于……。

　　You cant depend on you parents forever. 你不可能永远依赖你的父母。

　　You cant depend on him to come on time. 你别指望他能准时到来。

　　Whether we will go out for a picnic depends on the weather. 我们是否出去野餐取决于天气。

　　口语中还常用 “That all depends.” 来表示还没有拿定主意。

　　I may help you, but that all depends. 我也许会帮助你，但得看情形而定。

　　2. The chimpanzee has four times as much brain as the elephant.猩猩的智商是大象的四倍。(Paragraph 5, Passage 2)

　　英语中的倍数表达法共有三种形式：

　　(1) 倍数 + 形容词/副词的比较级 + than...

　　(2) 倍数 + as +形容词/副词的原级 + as...

　　(3) 倍数 + the + 名词+ of...

　　如：

　　① This building is five times higher than that one.这座楼比那座楼高出五倍。

　　② This building is five times as high as that one.这座楼是那座楼的五倍高。

　　③ This building is five times the height of that one.这座楼是那座楼的五倍高。

　　注意：“两倍”在英语里应为“twice”。

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