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Unit 9 The memory robot

http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/10/20 19:18 新浪教育

　　阅读题型举例(二)

　　2 判断推理题。阅读理解题不仅要学生读懂每个句子，而且要求能理解这些句子之间的内在联系。有的要求学生根据中学生必须具备的一般常识，对所读课文进行一定的推断；有的还要求了解其内在的逻辑关系，从而对所读的内容更深入地理解。一般来说，这类问题都不可能直接从原文中找到答案，必须根据原文提供的有关信息进行合理推理和判断才能回答。

　　这类问题常使用下面一些题目：

　　① The sentence“...”in the passage means“”.

　　② The word“...”in the passage means“”.

　　③ Which of the following is writer's attitude(态度)？

　　④ From the passage we can see.

　　⑤ Which of the following is right/true？

　　⑥ Which of the following is wrong？

　　⑦ From the passage we know that the writer is most likely.

　　⑧ The reason John refused Mary's present may be.

　　Passage 1

　　阅读理解

　　We each have a memory.That's why we can remember things after a long time.Some people have very good memories and they can easily learn many things by heart, but some people can only remember things when they say or do them again and again.

　　A good memory helps one learn a language well.Everybody learns his own language when he is a small child.He hears the sounds, remembers them and then he learns to speak. Some children are living with their parents in foreign countries. They can learn two languages easily because they hear，remember and speak the two languages every day. In school it is not easy to learn a foreign language because the students have little time for it and they have to learn other subjects, too.①

　　Our memories can get better and better if we do more and more exercises.

　　Do you want to learn a foreign language well? If so, you must do a lot of listening and speaking.

　　难句注释

　　①In school it is not easy to learn a foreign language because the students have little time for it and they have to learn other subjects, too.在学校学生学一门外语不容易，因为他们没有多少时间，而且还要学习其他的课程。

　　根据短文内容补全下列句子。

　　1.We can remember things after a long time because ____ .

　　2.A man with a good memory can ____ .

　　3.If a child often hears，remembers and speaks two or three languages every day，he or she can ____ .

　　4.At school，it is not easy for the students to learn a foreign language well because ____ .

　　5.If we want to learn a foreign language well，we must ____ .

　　Passage 2

　　阅读理解

　　Jack was born in New York. He lived there with his parents for more than ten years. Last year his father came to work in Beijing.

　　China is quite different from America, and Beijing is far away from New York. So Jack wanted to know what kind of life the Chinese people were living. He often wrote to his father to ask some questions about China.

　　Last month Jack and his mother came to China. How happy he was!

　　Now Jack has some Chinese lessons every day. We all know that Chinese is different from English. It's not easy for an American boy to learn it well. But Jack is interested in it and works very hard.

　　For the first time Jack walked in Changan Avenue(长安街)with his mother yesterday. He found so many people in the street. Most of them were very kind to him. He tried to ask some questions in Chinese. They answered his questions kindly. But sometimes some of them couldnt understand him.

　　When Jack came back to school, he told his friends that some Chinese people couldn't understand his Chinese. They said to him, “A lot of Chinese are studying English now. Why didn't you ask them questions in English?”

　　阅读短文，然后根据短文选择正确答案。

　　1.Jack's family lived in the city of New York for ____ .

　　A. less than ten yearsB. more than ten years

　　C. few years D. only a few years

　　2.Jack's father works in ____ now.

　　A. New YorkB. America

　　C. Beijing D. Shanghai

　　3.It's ____ for Jack to learn Chinese well.

　　A. easy B. not easy

　　C. interestingD. unhappy

　　4.When Jack was walking in Changan Avenue with his mother, he wanted to ____ .

　　A. ask some questions in English

　　B. ask some questions in Chinese

　　C. ask the way

　　D. speak English to others

　　5.Jack's friends told him ____ .

　　A. Chinese can't speak English now

　　B. many Chinese are studying English

　　C. only a few people in China can speak English

　　D. no Chinese speak English

　　Passage 3

　　短文填空

　　根据短文内容缩写填空，每空一词。

　　What can a dictionary tell you?

　　The first thing a dictionary will tell you is the spelling of a word. If you are not sure about the spelling of a word, you can try to find it in a dictionary. Words are in abc...order. For example, on a dictionary page, the word “pull ” comes before the word“push” and “push” comes before “ put”. The words are all in this order in the dictionary.①

　　The second thing that a dictionary will tell you is pronunciation (发音). Most dictionaries give the pronunciation of a word in a special kind of alphabet (字符). These pronunciation alphabets will tell you how to read a word.

　　The third thing a dictionary will tell you is the meanings of a word. You can look up a word in a dictionary and find out what it means.② Many words have more than one meaning, and a good dictionary gives all the meanings of the words in it. For example, in English the word“get” has over 20 different meanings. The meanings, of course, depends on (视……而定)the sentence where the word is in.

　　There are different (1) of dictionaries but they have (2) things in common. They tell you the (3) of the words, (4) to read them and what they (5) . All the words are (6) the alphabetical (字母表)order. (7) are different pronunciation alphabets to show the pronunciation of the words. Many words have (8) (9) one meaning. The (10) meaning of a word depends on the sentence where the word is in.

　　难句注释

　　①The words are all in this order in the dictionary.

　　字典中的所有单词都是按这种顺序排列的。

　　②You can look up a word in a dictionary and find out what it means. 你可以查字典而找出单词的意思。

　　Passage 4

　　短文填空

　　根据短文内容和所给的首字母，在下列空白处填入一个适当的词，使短文内容完整并通顺。

　　Computers are u ____ (1) machines. They can help people a lot in their daily l ____ (2). For example, they can help people to save much time to do m ____ (3) work, and they can help people to work o ____ (4) many problems they cant do easily. Our country asks everyone to learn to use computers b ____ (5) the twentyfirst century, except the old people.

　　Today more and more f ____ (6) own computers. Parents buy computers f ____ (7) their children. They hope computers can help them i ____ (8) their studies in school. Yet, many of their children u ____ (9) computers to play games,to watch video or to sing karaoke (卡拉OK), i ____ (10) of studying .So many teachers and parents c ____ (11) that computers can not help children to study but make them fall b ____ (12) . So computers are locked in boxes by parents.

　　In some o ____ (13) countries, even some scientists also hate computers. They say computers let m ____ (14) of people lose their jobs or bring them a lot of trouble.

　　Will computers really bring trouble to people or can they bring people happiness?

　　It will be decided by today's students t ____ (15) .

　　Passage 1

　　本文说明了好记忆力对人的学习起的重要作用，同时又阐述了培养好记忆力的途径。希望我们大家引以为戒。

　　1.we each have a memory。由原文的第一自然段的第一句和第二句话可以知道。

　　2.easily learn many things by heart。由原文的第一自然段的第二句话的前半句可知。

　　3.learn these languages easily。由原文的第二自然段的意思可以知道答案。

　　4.they have little time for it and they have to learn other subjects, too.由原文的第二自然段的最后一句话可知本题的答案。

　　5.do a lot of listening and speaking。阅读全文的最后一自然段，可归纳出本题的答案。

　　Passage 2

　　本文记叙了一个美国男孩在中国学汉语的故事，通过他对汉语学习的态度的刻画，表现他刻苦好学的优秀品质，给我们树立了榜样。

　　1. B由第一自然段的第一句和第二句话可知。

　　2. C由第一自然段的第三句话可知答案。

　　3. B由第四自然段的第三句话可知。

　　4. B由原文的第五自然段的第四句话可知本题的答案。

　　5. B由原文的最后一自然段中的句子“A lot of Chinese are studying English now.”可知本题的答案。

　　Passage 3

　　本文从具体的几个方面阐述了词典能告诉你什么：一是词典中的词是怎样排序的；二是词典告诉你单词的发音、拼读规则；三是词典可以告诉你所有词的意义。那么我们对好字典也有了底。

　　1. kinds。 a kind of是固定搭配，意思是“一种；一类”，different kinds of 为“不同种类的；各种各样的”。

　　2. three。根据原文内容及缩写短文中的意思，我们知道所有的字典有三个共同方面，它们是：拼写，发音，词义。

　　3. spelling。 the spelling of the words意思是“单词的拼写”。

　　4. how。 how to read them指原文第二自然段讲述单词的发音。

　　5. mean。 what they mean意思是“它们的意思是什么”。

　　6. in。从原文第二自然段第三句...in abc...order 可知in...order是固定搭配，意为“以……顺序”。

　　7. There。这是There be 结构，意思是“有……”。

　　8. more。 more than 是一种固定搭配，意思是“多于……”，本句话的意思是“很多词的意思不止一个”。

　　9. than。见上题解析。

　　10. right。根据上下文的意思，这个空填写right，本句意思是“一个词的正确意思取决于这个词所在的句子。”

　　Passage 4

　　本文介绍了电脑的发明给我们提出了新的挑战，也给当今世界带来诸多影响，既有正面的也有负面的。我们如何才能扬长避短？

　　1. useful。useful是形容词，意为“有用的”，通过阅读全文和现实生活经验可知“电脑是有用处的”。

　　2. life。in ones daily life表示“在某人的日常生活中”。

　　3. much。本词放在不可数名词前作定语。do much work表示“做许多工作”。

　　4. out。out是副词，在这里work out是固定短语，意为“可以解决，算出来”。

　　5. before。before是介词，意为“在……之前”；before the twentyfirst century表示“在二十一世纪以前”。

　　6. families。family是名词，意为“家庭”。本句的大意是“越来越多的家庭拥有电脑”，符合现实生活。

　　7. for。for是介词，意为“为了”；buy sth. for sb.表示“为某人买某物”。

　　8. improve。improve ones study表示“提高某人的学习成绩”。help sb.(to) do sth.表示“帮助某人做某事”，所以，本空用动词原形。

　　9. use。use是及物动词，意为“使用”；use sth. to do sth.表示“使用某物去做某事”。因主语是复数，所以用动词原形。

　　10. instead。instead of 表示“代替……”。

　　11. complain。意为“抱怨”，因为本句的主语是“many teachers and parents”是复数形式，因此本空用动词的原形。

　　12. behind。fall behind意为“落在后面”。

　　13. other。是形容词“其他的；别的”。“some other +名词”表示“一些其他的……”。

　　14. millions。 “millions of +名词”表示“数百万的……”。

　　15. themselves。themselves是反身代词，意为“他们自己”，作“todays students”的同位语。

　　In school it is not easy to learn a foreign language because the students have little time for it and they have to learn other subjects，too. 在学校学生学一门外语不容易，因为他们没有多少时间，而且还要学习其他的课程。(见Line 15—16, Passage 1)

　　本句中是由because 引导的原因状语从句。在主句中，主语+be+形容词+to do sth. 意思是“做某事……”。如：Its dangerous to play football on the road.在马路上踢足球危险。从句中的little表否定意思， “几乎没有”,后接不可数名词。如There is little water in the glass.杯子里几乎没有水了。

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