高中教师教学参考:谈谈替代词的用法 |
http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/11/17 15:43 英语辅导报 |
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在英语学习中,为了避免重复,常用替代词替代名词词组或其中心词。 常用的替代词主要有one, ones,that和those。 一、替代词one和ones 1. one只能替代单数名词,one的复数形式ones只能替代复数名词。如: My child doesn't like this book. Show her a more interesting one. 2. 替代词one或ones必须带有一个限定词或修饰词,它们和所替代的名词中心词所指不一定是同一对象,这是替代词one或 ones在用法上的一个重要特征。如: I don't like this book. I'd like a more interesting one. 3. 当替代词one或ones带有后置修饰语时,它们前面总有定冠词。如: Our new cassette is more expensive than the one we had before. 4. 当替代词one或ones在形容词比较级、最高级以及某些限定词如this,that,which和序数词等之后时,可以省略。如: This book is much better than that(one). 5. 替代词one或ones通常不用在物主代词和名词所有格之后。如不可说my one(s), your one(s),Peter's one(s)等等。one或 ones也不能用在own之后。但是,如果有了形容词,one(s)可以和物主代词及名词所有格连用。如: My cheap camera seems to be just as good as John's expensive one. 6. one作替代词时,在of前面不能用 the one来表示所属关系和类似概念。如不可说: He put down his gun and picked up the one of Henry. 该用一个所有格来表示Henry's。 7. 当两个形容词表示对照的意思时,不能使用替代词 one。仅在其中一个形容词后加上名词即可。如: Don't praise the younger child in the presence of the elder. 8.替代词 one如果不带任何前置修饰语,即它的前面既没有限定词,又没有形容词时,便不是替代名词词组的中心词,而是替代整个名词词组。这时,one=a+单数名词。如: A cake made of wheat costs less than one made of rice.(one = a cake) one的这种用法是泛指同类事物中的任何一个,相当于一个不定冠词,因此它没有复数形式。要泛指复数事物,只能用some。如: Here are a few apples. Would you like some(= some of them)? 二、替代词that和those 1. that和those通常用作指示代词,也可用作替代词。它们分别等于the one 和 the ones。如: The houses of the rich are generally larger than those of the poor. 2. that也可替代不可数名词,但是 the one则不能。 The resistance of a thicker wire is less than that of a thin one. 3. that作替代词,只能指物,不能指人。those作替代词,既可指物,也可指人。如: The blonde girl I saw was older than the one you were dancing with. 该句中的the one不能换成that。 4. that用作替代词和它所替代的名词词组的中心词的“数”可以不一致。替代单数名词时,只替代“the +单数名词”,不可替代“a+单数名词”。如: The song by Schubert is more tuneful than that by Britain.(that=the song。song为可数名词。) 请注意,这里说的that只替代“the +单数名词”,不可替代“a+单数名词,是指that在句子中实际的作用,并非要求它在句子中所代表的前面出现的词组必须是“the +单数名词”。如: In those days they lived a life worse than that of a beast of burden. 在该句中,前面出现的词组为a life,但that替代的却是the life。that作为替代词,它不能用于零关系分句(即没有关系代词的定语从句)之前。如: The problem confronting us today is not dissimilar from that which the nation confronted in the 1930s. (文/王超; 英语辅导报高中教师版 04~05学年度第10期;版权归英语辅导报社所有,独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育,未经许可,不得以任何形式进行转载。) |