教师教学参考:浅谈否定转移现象 |
http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/11/17 16:00 英语辅导报 |
在非正式语体中,否定转移特别常见,它是将意义上属于从句(一般为that clause)的否定词转移到主句或主要动词上,主要有以下情况: 1. 在英语中,当含有宾语从句的复合句中主句的谓语动词为表示“看法”的动词,如:be supposed to, believe, calculate, expect, imagine, suppose, think等,宾语从句的否定习惯上要转移到主句的谓语中。 I don't believe I've met you before. 我认为我没有见过你。 I don't think you will be late. 我认为你不会迟到。 He doesn't expect we need worry. 他认为我们不用急。 I don't suppose he cares, does he? 我看他不在乎,对吧? 2. 在宾语从句中,主句的谓语动词为表示“感觉”的动词时,如:appear, seem, feel, as if,look as if,sound as if 等,宾语从句的否定习惯上要转移到主句的谓语或主要动词上。 It doesn't seem that we can get our money back. 我们好象不能取回我们的钱。 It doesn't look like it's going to rain.天好象不会下雨。 3. 当not...until这一结构强调until部分时,也会出现否定的转移。 I didn't know his name until yesterday. 我直到昨天才知道他的名字。 4. 有时对状语、代词、动词不定式等的否定也会发生转移。 I still did not feel safe enough. 我仍觉得不够安全。 All that glitters is not gold. 发光的不总是金子。 但是,在以下特殊情况下,原来允许否定转移的动词不能将否定转移: 1. I think作为插入语与其他部分无关时。 I wish you were here, then I think I should not come here. 我想,我希望你在这儿,我不应该来这儿。 2. 在主句中添加情态动词can't, mustn't, wouldn't等时,不能将其看作否定转移。 I can't believe that they are married. 我不认为他们结婚了。 You mustn't think he's stupid. 你不应该认为他愚蠢。 I wouldn't have imagined that you would be here. 我不曾想到你会在这儿。 3. 在由于cannot helping, ought not to, need not, not at all等短语的关系而把I think隔离时。 I should have thought you couldn't help thinking of the past. 我应该想到你会禁不住想起过去。 4. 由于not just...but, just not...enough, not much, not quite等以not为核心的副词短语的影响,也不把否定转移到主句的动词中去。 I think I don't just like your pictures, but like your handwriting. 我认为我不只喜欢你的画,而且喜欢你的书法。 I think that she was not quite so certain of it as I. 我想她不象我对此事那么有把握。 (文/王超; 英语辅导报高中教师版 04~05学年度第9期;版权归英语辅导报社所有,独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育,未经许可,不得以任何形式进行转载。) |